[Prevalence and intensity of smoking among the patients with ischemic heart disease of older age living in the Far North.]

The article presents an analysis of the prevalence, intensity and correlation of smoking with other risk factors of ischemic heart disease among patients with chronic ischemic heart disease aged 60 years and older living in the Far North on the basis of ethnicity, age and sex. Smoking dependence on age was traced in patients of non-indigenous ethnicity. There was a lower prevalence of smoking among women, as opposed to men and among long-livers in comparison with the elderly and senile age. High intensity and length of smoking were revealed in both ethnic groups of men patients. The average smoking experience of smokers at the time of the survey was more than 50 years, and of former smokers - more than 30 years. The quantity of more than 25 packs per year was established as a high smoking index for both ethnic groups. The high smoking index is 1,5 times more common in patients of non-indigenous ethnicity compared to Yakut group. The highest smoking index was recorded in the group of patients under 75 years. The higher the smoking index is in smoking non-indigenous group, the lower is the cholesterol level of HDL regardless of the place of birth and the length of residence in the Far North. The analysis has revealed the correlation of smoking with other risk factors: blood lipids, arterial pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), abdominal obesity (AO) and the dependence of the suffered myocardial infarction from the smoking experience and the value of smoking index. Smoking cessation leads to a decrease in blood pressure, BMI, and promotes HDL cholesterol.

[Genetic variability and differentiation of three Russian populations of yellow potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis as revealed by nuclear markers].

Genetic variability of yellow potato cyst nematode G. rostochiensis from three Russian populations (Karelia, Vladimir oblast, and Moscow oblast) was investigated using two types of nuclear markers. Using RAPD markers identified with the help of six random primers (P-29, OPA-10, OPT-14, OPA-11, OPB-11, and OPH-20), it was possible to distinguish Karelian population from the group consisting of the populations from two adjacent regions (Moscow oblast and Vladimir oblast). Based on the combined matrix, containing 294 RAPD fragments, dendrogram of genetic differences was constructed, and the indices of genetic divergence and partition (P, H, and G(st)), as well as the gene flow indices N(m) between the nematode samples examined, were calculated. The dendrogram structure, genetic diversity indices, and variations of genetic distances between single individuals in each population from Karelia and Central Russia pointed to genetic isolation and higher genetic diversity of the nematodes from Karelia. Based on polymorphism of rDNA first intergenic spacer ITS1, attribution of all populations examined to the species G. rostochiensis was proved. Small variations of the ITS1 sequence in different geographic populations of nematodes from different regions of the species world range did not allow isolation of separate groups within the species. Possible factors (including interregional transportations of seed potato) affecting nematode population structure in Russia are discussed.