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Objectives: Azvudine has been recommended as a potential treatment for the recently discovered Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in 2019. However, the effectiveness of Azvudine in individuals who have both COVID-19 and pre-existing cancer remains uncertain. Consequently, we undertook a retrospective analysis to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Azvudine therapy in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and pre-existing cancer. Methods: This is a single-center retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, selected from patients admitted to a specialist oncology hospital between June 1, 2022 to June 31, 2023 with positive RT-PCR and pre-existing cancer. After exclusion and propensity score matching, patients in the test group treated with Azvudine and control patients treated with standard antiviral therapy were included. The primary outcome is the interval time from the first dose of Azvudine to the attainment of the first negative result for nucleic acid. Secondary outcomes included the rate of nucleic acid conversion, the duration of hospitalization, and the admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze the hazard ratio (HR) of event outcomes and to assess whether cancer types and Azvudine treatment will affect the course of COVID-19, specifically the time it takes for primary symptoms to alleviate. Results: In this study, a total of 84 patients were included for analysis. Among them, 42 patients received Azvudine treatment after hospitalization, and the rest were treated with standard antiviral therapy. The results expressed that the time taken for the first negative nucleic acid test was significantly shorter in the Azvudine group compared to the control group [5 (IQR3-7) d vs 12 (IQR9-15) d], p<0.0001. This difference was statistically significant. Furthermore, a multivariate COX analysis indicated that Azvudine treatment could effectively reduce the time required for nucleic acid conversion in cancer patients (HR 1.994, 95% CI 1.064-3.736, p=0.031). And the type of cancer also had an impact on the course of COVID-19 in patients. (HR 3.442, 95%CI 1.214-9.756, p=0.020; HR 3.246, 95% CI 1.925-7.209, p=0.036). Conclusion: Azvudine was correlated with a reduced duration for achieving nucleic acid conversion in individuals diagnosed with cancer. And different types of cancer have a certain impact on the course of COVID-19 for patients.
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Background: Some cohort studies have explored the effects and safety of polymyxin B (PMB) in comparison to other antibiotics for the treatment of nosocomial infections, yielding inconsistent results. This systematic review aims to explore the effectiveness and safety of PMB and compared it with other antibiotics. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, searching specific terms to identify quantitative cohort studies or RCTs that compared the effects of PMB with other antibiotics in terms of their efficacy and safety. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was conducted to evaluate the risk of bias of observational studies. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were used for outcome assessment. We evaluated heterogeneity using the I 2 test. Results: A total of 22 observational trials were included in the analysis. The PMB group had a higher mortality rate compared to the control group (odds ratio: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.36-2.50, p<0.00001, I 2 = 73%). while, the ceftazidime-avibactam group demonstrated a distinct advantage with lower mortality rates, despite still exhibiting high heterogeneity (odds ratio 2.73, 95% confidence interval 1.59-4.69; p = 0.0003; I 2 = 53%). Additionally, the PMB group had a lower nephrotoxicity rate compared to the colistin group but exhibited high heterogeneity in the results (odds ratio 0.58, 95% CI 0.36-0.93; p = 0.02; I 2 = 73%). Conclusion: In patients with nosocomial infections, PMB is not superior to other antibiotics in terms of mortality, specifically when compared to ceftazidime-avibactam. However, PMB demonstrated an advantage in terms of nephrotoxicity compared to colistin.
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Low temperature is a common stress source for the poultry industry in the north of China. However, the low energy consuming and economical way to reduce the negative effects from cold stress is still limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of rutin on intestinal barrier in mice under low temperature. The cold stress model was established at 4°C for 3 h each day and the experiment lasted for 21 days. Forty Balb/c mice were randomly divided into four treatments: CON, normal temperature with the basal diet; RUT, normal temperature with the basal diet +150 mg/kg body weight (BW) of rutin; CS, mice under cold stress with basal diet; CR, 150 mg/kg of BW rutin under cold stress. Rutin supplementation significantly increased the ileum villus-to-crypt ratio compared with these non-supplemented treatments. Rutin attenuated the hypothermia induced morphological damage in the ileum. In addition, rutin improved the antioxidant capacity of mice under cold stress. Rutin supplementation significantly increased the trypsin activity and inhibited the lipase in cold stressed mice. Rutin supplementation significantly inhibited the production of inflammatory factors induced by cold stress. Rutin induced the inhibition of TLR4 and NF-кB, thereby reducing the expression of inflammation-related genes. In addition, rutin improved the reduction of the intestinal claudin-1 and occludin expression in those mice in the cold stress (P < .05) and improved the intestinal ZO-1 expression in cold stressed mice. Finally, rutin alleviated the dysregulation of intestinal microflora in the mice under cold stress.