Ozone micro-bubble aeration using the ceramic ultrafiltration membrane with superior oxidation performance for 2, 4-D elimination.

Micro-bubble aeration is an efficient way to promote ozonation performance, but the technology is challenged by extensive energy cost. Here, a ceramic ultrafiltration membrane was used to achieve ozone micro-bubble (0-80 µm) aeration in a simple way at gaseous pressures of 0.14-0.19 MPa. Compared with milli-bubble aeration, micro-bubble aeration increased the equilibrium aquatic O3 concentrations by 1.53-3.25 times and apparent O3 transfer rates by 3.12-3.35 times at pH 5.0-8.0. Consequently, the •OH yield was 2.67-3.54 times via faster O3 transfer to the aquatic solution followed by decomposition rather than interfacial reaction. Ozone micro-bubble aeration outperformed milli-bubble aeration, with the degradation kinetics of 2,4-D being 3.08-4.36 times higher. Both O3-oxidation and •OH oxidation were important to the promotion with the contributions being 35.8%-45.9% and 54.1%-64.2%, respectively. The operational and water matric conditions influenced the oxidation performance via both O3 oxidation and •OH oxidation, which is reported for the first time. In general, the ceramic membrane offered a low-energy approach of ozone micro-bubble aeration for efficient pollutant degradation. The O3 oxidation and •OH oxidation were proportionally promoted by ozone micro-bubble due to O3 transfer enhancement. Thus, the promotive mechanism can be interpreted as the synchronous enchantment on ozone exposure and •OH exposure for the first time.

[Water quality safety of ozonation and biologically activated carbon process in application].

Ozonation and biologically activated carbon process, one of advanced treatment technologies, has been applied in many places at home and abroad. However, some emerging water quality problems appeared in operation. Drinking water treatment plant (6 x 10(5) m3/d) with ozonation and biologically activated carbon process (O3-BAC process) was investigated systematically, including microbial safety, the excessive growth of aquatic microorganism and chemical stability of water quality. And some experiments were done in the pilot plant (10 m3/h) at the same time. O3-BAC process is reliable in microbial safety, but operation management should be enhanced. A good number of aquatic microorganisms grow immoderately during operation of O3-BAC process, which is more serious especially in place with high temperature and humidity. With prolong of runtime, the growth of aquatic microorganisms varies regularly. That is hazardous to water quality safety. When raw water is low with alkalinity, decrease of pH in O3-BAC process is obvious. That will seriously affect on chemical stability.