RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Evaluating the possibility of predicting chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) disease course using Artificial Intelligence. METHODS: We prospectively included patients undergoing first endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for nasal polyposis. Preoperative (demographic data, blood eosinophiles, endoscopy, Lund-Mackay, SNOT-22 and depression PHQ scores) and follow-up data was standardly collected. Outcome measures included SNOT-22, PHQ-9 and endoscopy perioperative sinus endoscopy (POSE) scores and two different microRNAs (miR-125b, miR-203a-3p) from polyp tissue. Based on POSE score, three labels were created (controlled: 0-7; partial control: 8-15; or relapse: 16-32). Patients were divided into train and test groups and using Random Forest, we developed algorithms for predicting ESS related outcomes. RESULTS: Based on data collected from 85 patients, the proposed Machine Learning-approach predicted whether the patient would present control, partial control or relapse of nasal polyposis at 18 months following ESS. The algorithm predicted ESS outcomes with an accuracy between 69.23% (for non-invasive input parameters) and 84.62% (when microRNAs were also included). Additionally, miR-125b significantly improved the algorithm's accuracy and ranked as one of the most important algorithm variables. CONCLUSION: We propose a Machine Learning algorithm which could change the prediction of disease course in CRSwNP.
RESUMO
In recent years, the role of microRNA (miRNA) in post-transcriptional gene regulation has advanced and supports strong evidence related to their important role in the regulation of a wide range of fundamental biological processes. Our study focuses on identifying specific alterations of miRNA patterns in periodontitis compared with healthy subjects. In the present study, we mapped the major miRNAs altered in patients with periodontitis (n = 3) compared with healthy subjects (n = 5), using microarray technology followed by a validation step by qRT-PCR and Ingenuity Pathways Analysis. Compared to healthy subjects, 159 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified among periodontitis patients, of which 89 were downregulated, and 70 were upregulated, considering a fold change of ±1.5 as the cut-off value and p ≤ 0.05. Key angiogenic miRNAs (miR-191-3p, miR-221-3p, miR-224-5p, miR-1228-3p) were further validated on a separate cohort of patients with periodontitis versus healthy controls by qRT-PCR, confirming the microarray data. Our findings indicate a periodontitis-specific miRNA expression pattern representing an essential issue for testing new potential diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers for periodontal disease. The identified miRNA profile in periodontal gingival tissue was linked to angiogenesis, with an important molecular mechanism that orchestrates cell fate.
RESUMO
The lack of estrogen or progesterone receptors and absence of HER2 amplification/overexpression in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) restricts therapeutic options used in clinical management. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding transcripts which affect important cellular mechanisms by regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Among this class, attention was focused on miR-29b-3p with a high profile in TNBC and correlated with the overall survival rates, as TCGA data revealed. This study aims to investigate the implication of the miR-29b-3p inhibitor in TNBC cell lines by identifying a potential therapeutic transcript, improving the clinical outcomes of this disease. The experiments were performed on two TNBC cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and BT549) as in vitro models. An established dose of 50 nM was used for all functional assays performed on the miR-29b-3p inhibitor. A decreased level of miR-29b-3p determined a significant reduction in cell proliferation and colony-forming capacity. At the same time, the changes occurring at the molecular and cellular levels were highlighted. We observed that, when inhibiting the expression level of miR-29b-3p, processes such as apoptosis and autophagy were activated. Further, microarray data revealed that the miRNA expression pattern was altered after miR-29b-3p inhibition, pointing out 8 overexpressed and 11 downregulated miRNAs specific for BT549 cells and 33 upregulated and 10 downregulated miRNAs that were specific for MDA-MB-231 cells. As a common signature for both cell lines, three transcripts were observed, two downregulated, miR-29b-3p and miR-29a, and one upregulated, miR-1229-5p. According to DIANA miRPath, the main predicted targets are related to ECM (extracellular matrix) receptor interaction and TP53 signaling. An additional validation step through qRT-PCR was performed, which showed an upregulation of MCL1 and TGFB1. By inhibiting the expression level of miR-29b-3p, it was shown that complex regulatory pathways targeted this transcript in TNBC cells.
Assuntos
MicroRNAs , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas , Humanos , Apoptose , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , MicroRNAs/genética , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/genética , Regulação para CimaRESUMO
Background and Objectives: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRwNP) has multiple clinical presentations, and predictors of successful treatment are correlated to different parameters. Differentially expressed microRNAs in nasal polyps emerge as possible facilitators of precise endotyping in this disease. We aimed to evaluate the correlation between the clinical parameters of CRSwNP and two different microRNAs. Materials and Methods: The expression of miR-125b and miR-203a-3p in nasal polyps (n = 86) and normal nasal mucosa (n = 20) was determined through microarray analysis. Preoperative workup included CT scan, nasal endoscopy, blood tests, symptoms and depression questionnaires. Results: MiR-125b showed significant overexpression in NP compared to the normal nasal mucosa. miR-125b expression levels were positively and significantly correlated with blood eosinophilia (p = 0.018) and nasal endoscopy score (p = 0.021). Although high CT scores were related to miR-125b overexpression, the correlation did not reach statistical significance. miR-203a-3p was underexpressed in nasal polyps and was significantly underexpressed in CRSwNP patients with environmental allergies. Conclusions: Both miR-125b and miR-203a-3p are potential biomarkers in CRSwNP. miR-125b also correlates with the clinical picture, while miR-203a-3p could help identify an associated allergy.
Assuntos
MicroRNAs , Pólipos Nasais , Rinite , Sinusite , Humanos , MicroRNAs/genética , Rinite/complicações , Rinite/genética , Pólipos Nasais/complicações , Pólipos Nasais/genética , Pólipos Nasais/metabolismo , Sinusite/complicações , Sinusite/genética , Gravidade do Paciente , Biomarcadores , Doença CrônicaRESUMO
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is considered the sixth most common cancer worldwide. To reduce the high mortality of the disease, sensitive and specific diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers are urgently needed. Non-coding RNA, microRNAs (miRNAs), which are short length non-coding transcripts, or long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) seem to be potential biomarkers, considering that they have an important role in regulation of cell fate being involved in a wide range of biological processes. Literature data emphasized the important role of these transcripts as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Therefore, we have evaluated the expression levels of a panel of four miRNAs (miR-21-5p, miR-93-5p, miR-200c-3p and miR-205-5p) and H19, MALAT1 by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) from 33 fresh frozen tissues and 33 normal adjacent tissues. Our date revealed miR-21-5p and miR-93-5p to be upregulated, while miR-200c-3p and miR-205-5p to be downregulated. Regarding the long non-coding RNAs, H19 and MALAT1, were also downregulated. We also investigated the expression of BCL2, which is another important gene correlated to non-coding RNAs investigated by as, and it was also under-expressed. Additional validation step at protein level was done for KI67, TP53 and BCL2. In our patient cohort no correlation with clinical stage and smoking status was observed. The results of the present study indicated the important role of miR-21-5p, miR-93-5p, miR-200c-3p, miR-205-5p and H19 in OSCC. Differential expression of these transcripts at sub-sites, may serve as a diagnostic marker with further elaboration on a larger sample size. Additional studies should be conducted to confirm the results, particularly the interconnection with coding and non-coding genes.
RESUMO
The rapid diagnosis of cancer, especially in its early stages, is crucial for on-time medical treatment and for increasing the patient survival rate. Lung cancer shows the highest mortality rate and the lowest 5-year survival rate due to the late diagnosis in advanced cancer stages. Providing rapid and reliable diagnostic tools is a top priority to address the problem of a delayed cancer diagnosis. We introduce a nanophotonic biosensor for the direct and real-time detection in human plasma of the microRNA-21-5p biomarker related to lung cancer. The biosensor employs a silicon photonic bimodal interferometric waveguide that provides a highly sensitive detection in a label-free format. We demonstrate a very competitive detectability for direct microRNA-21-5p biomarker assays in human plasma samples (estimated LOD: 25 pM). The diagnostic capability of our biosensor was validated by analyzing 40 clinical samples from healthy individuals and lung cancer patients, previously analyzed by reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). We could successfully identify and quantify the levels of microRNA in a one-step assay, without the need for DNA extraction or amplification steps. The study confirmed the significance of implementing this biosensor technique compared to the benchmarking molecular analysis and showed excellent agreement with previous results employing the traditional qRT-PCR. This work opens new possibilities for the true implementation of point-of-care biosensors that enable fast, simple, and efficient early diagnosis of cancer diseases.
Assuntos
Técnicas Biossensoriais , Neoplasias Pulmonares , MicroRNAs , Humanos , Silício , Técnicas Biossensoriais/métodos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , MicroRNAs/genética , MicroRNAs/análise , DNARESUMO
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is currently associated with a lack of treatment options. Arsenic derivatives have shown antitumoral activity both in vitro and in vivo; however, their mode of action is not completely understood. In this work we evaluate the response to arsenate of the double positive MCF-7 breast cancer cell line as well as of two different TNBC cell lines, Hs578T and MDA-MB-231. Multimodal experiments were conducted to this end, using functional assays and microarrays. Arsenate was found to induce cytoskeletal alteration, autophagy and apoptosis in TNBC cells, and moderate effects in MCF-7 cells. Gene expression analysis showed that the TNBC cell lines' response to arsenate was more prominent in the G2M checkpoint, autophagy and apoptosis compared to the Human Mammary Epithelial Cells (HMEC) and MCF-7 cell lines. We confirmed the downregulation of anti-apoptotic genes (MCL1, BCL2, TGFß1 and CCND1) by qRT-PCR, and on the protein level, for TGFß2, by ELISA. Insight into the mode of action of arsenate in TNBC cell lines it is provided, and we concluded that TNBC and non-TNBC cell lines reacted differently to arsenate treatment in this particular experimental setup. We suggest the future research of arsenate as a treatment strategy against TNBC.
Assuntos
Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas , Apoptose , Arseniatos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células , Humanos , Células MCF-7 , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/genética , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/metabolismoRESUMO
Background and Objectives: The research aimed at evaluating the capacity of salivary exosomal miR-10b-5p and miR-486-5p for oral and oropharyngeal cancer detection. Materials and Methods: The saliva samples were harvested from histopathological diagnosed oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients and healthy volunteer subjects. The exosomes were isolated by differential ultracentrifugation and quantified by Nano Track Analysis. The microRNAs were extracted and quantified from salivary exosomes by quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction. Results: This research comprised fifty participants. When compared to healthy controls, salivary exosomal miR-486-5p was elevated and miR-10b-5p was reduced in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Moreover, miR-486-5p had a high expression level in stage II of cancer in comparison to the other cancer stages. The cancer samples presented an increased exosome dimension compared to the control samples. Conclusions: Salivary exosomal miR-10b-5p and miR-486-5p have an altered expression in oral and oropharyngeal cancer.
Assuntos
Exossomos , MicroRNAs , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço , Humanos , Exossomos/genética , Exossomos/metabolismo , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/genética , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive form of cancer which lacks targeted therapy options. Thus, TNBC patients have poor outcomes and a decreased survival rate than patients with other types of breast cancers. Due to the lack of surface receptors, TNBC needs a comprehensive investigation to provide more information regarding patient's therapy, as well as to understand the way how to counteract drug resistance mechanisms. Nowadays, chemotherapy remains an unsolved issue which rise a lot of questions in oncology field. METHODS: In this article, we investigated the implication of paclitaxel in TNBC cell lines after a prolong administration, after 12, respectively 24 passages followed by evaluation of morphological alteration, mutational pattern by next generation sequencing and the altered gene expression pattern by microarray technology and validation by qRT-PCR of the resistance to therapy relevant genes. RESULTS: Using functional assays, we showed that paclitaxel exhibits antiproliferative activity on Hs578T/Pax and MDA-MB-231/Pax demonstrating the activation of cell death mechanisms. Confocal microscopy revealed significant modifications which occur in the morphological structure with a disruption of the actin-filaments and also mitotic catastrophe. The presence of these nuclear alterations is due to some modifications at the cellular and molecular levels. Important alterations at the transcriptomic and genomic levels were observed from this a common drug resistance signature (IL-6, CXCL8, VEGFA, EGR1, PTGS2 and TRIB1) for both cell lines at 24 passages was discovered. Also, an important mutation (TP53) linked with drug response was identified. CONCLUSION: These results might be used to furnish novel biomarkers in TNBC, as well as to find a strategy to counteract the resistance to therapy in order to increase survival rate and to enhance the prognosis of patients with TNBC.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Morte Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/genética , Paclitaxel/farmacologia , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/metabolismo , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/genética , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/genética , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo , Proteína 1 de Resposta de Crescimento Precoce/genética , Proteína 1 de Resposta de Crescimento Precoce/metabolismo , Feminino , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Ontologia Genética , Genômica , Humanos , Interleucina-6/genética , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Interleucina-8/genética , Interleucina-8/metabolismo , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular/genética , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular/metabolismo , Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/genética , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/metabolismo , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/genética , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/metabolismo , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/genética , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/metabolismoRESUMO
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which accounts for 10-20% of all breast cancers, has the worst prognosis. Although chemotherapy treatment is a standard for TNBC, it lacks a specific target. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies are required to be investigated. In this study, a combined doxorubicin (DOX) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) therapy is proposed as therapeutic strategy for targeting TGFß1 gene. Hs578T cell line is used as in vitro model for TNBC, wherein TGFß1siRNA therapy is employed to enhance therapeutic effects. Cell proliferation rate is measured using an MTT test, and morphological alterations are assed using microscopically approached, while gene expression is determined by qRT-PCR analysis. The combined treatment of TGFß1siRNA and DOX reduced levels of cell proliferation and mitochondrial activity and promoted the alteration of cell morphology (dark-field microscopy). DOX treatment caused downregulation of six genes and upregulation of another six genes. The combined effects of DOX and TGFß1siRNA resulted in upregulation of 13 genes and downregulation of four genes. Silencing of TGFß1 resulted in activation of cell death mechanisms in Hs578T cells, to potentiate the effects of DOX, but not in an additive manner, due to the activation of genes involved in resistance to therapy (ABCB1 and IL-6).
Assuntos
Doxorrubicina/farmacologia , RNA Interferente Pequeno/genética , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta1/antagonistas & inibidores , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/terapia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células , Terapia Combinada , Bases de Dados Genéticas , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , Feminino , Terapia Genética , Humanos , Camundongos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inibidores da Topoisomerase II/farmacologia , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta1/metabolismo , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/genética , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/metabolismo , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/patologiaRESUMO
Background and objective: The aim of the present study was to establish a new differentiation protocol using cannabidiol (CBD) and vitamin D3 (Vit. D3) for a better and faster osteogenic differentiation of dental tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Materials and methods: MSCs were harvested from dental follicle (DFSCs), dental pulp (DPSCs), and apical papilla (APSCs) of an impacted third molar of a 17-year old patient. The stem cells were isolated and characterized using flow cytometry; reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR); and osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic differentiation. The effects of CBD and Vit. D3 on osteogenic differentiation of dental-derived stem cell were evaluated in terms of viability/metabolic activity by alamar test, expression of collagen1A, osteopontin (OP), osteocalcin (OC), and osteonectin genes and by quantification of calcium deposits by alizarin red assay. Results: Stem cell characterization revealed more typical stemness characteristics for DFSCs and DPSCs and atypical morphology and markers expression for APSCs, a phenotype that was confirmed by differences in multipotential ability. The RT-PCR quantification of bone matrix proteins expression revealed a different behavior for each cell type, APSCs having the best response for CBD. DPSCs showed the best osteogenic potential when treated with Vit. D3. Cultivation of DFSC in standard stem cell conditions induced the highest expression of osteogenic genes, suggesting the spontaneous differentiation capacity of these cells. Regarding mineralization, alizarin red assay indicated that DFSCs and APSCs were the most responsive to low doses of CBD and Vit. D3. DPSCs had the lowest mineralization levels, with a slightly better response to Vit. D3. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that DFSCs, DPSCs, and APSCs respond differently to osteoinduction stimuli and that CBD and Vit. D3 can enhance osteogenic differentiation of these types of cells under certain conditions and doses.
Assuntos
Canabidiol , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais , Adolescente , Canabidiol/farmacologia , Diferenciação Celular , Proliferação de Células , Células Cultivadas , Colecalciferol/farmacologia , Humanos , OsteogêneseRESUMO
Considering the high mortality rate encountered in lung cancer, there is a strong need to explore new biomarkers for early diagnosis and also improved therapeutic targets to overcome this issue. The implementation of microRNAs as important regulators in cancer and other pathologies expanded the possibilities of lung cancer management and not only. MiR-21 represents an intensively studied microRNA in many types of cancer, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Its role as an oncogene is underlined in multiple studies reporting the upregulated expression of this sequence in patients diagnosed with this malignancy; moreover, several studies associated this increased expression of miR-21 with a worse outcome within NSCLC patients. The same pattern is supported by the data existent in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The carcinogenic advantage generated by miR-21 in NSCLC resides in the target genes involved in multiple pathways such as cell growth and proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, but also chemo- and radioresistance. Therapeutic modulation of miR-21 by use of antisense sequences entrapped in different delivery systems has shown promising results in impairment of NSCLC. Hereby, we review the mechanisms of action of miR-21 in cancer and the associated changes upon tumor cells together a focused perspective on NSCLC signaling, prognosis and therapy.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/genética , MicroRNAs/fisiologia , Animais , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/terapia , Proliferação de Células , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/terapia , MicroRNAs/genética , Invasividade Neoplásica , Metástase Neoplásica , Prognóstico , Transdução de SinaisRESUMO
Mass spectrometry (MS) is an essential analytical technology on which the emerging omics domains; such as genomics; transcriptomics; proteomics and metabolomics; are based. This quantifiable technique allows for the identification of thousands of proteins from cell culture; bodily fluids or tissue using either global or targeted strategies; or detection of biologically active metabolites in ultra amounts. The routine performance of MS technology in the oncological field provides a better understanding of human diseases in terms of pathophysiology; prevention; diagnosis and treatment; as well as development of new biomarkers; drugs targets and therapies. In this review; we argue that the recent; successful advances in MS technologies towards cancer omics studies provides a strong rationale for its implementation in biomedicine as a whole.
Assuntos
Biologia Computacional/métodos , Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Medicina de Precisão/métodos , Animais , Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Humanos , Neoplasias/patologia , Neoplasias/terapiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Phytochemicals are natural compounds synthesized as secondary metabolites in plants and represent an important source of molecules with therapeutic applications. Attention is accorded to their potential in anti-cancer therapies as single agents or adjuvant treatment. Herby, we evaluated the in vitro effects of a panel of natural compounds with focus on caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and Kaempferol for the treatment of human colon cancer. METHODS: We exposed two human colon cancer cell lines, RKO and HCT-116, followed by functional examination of cell viability, cell proliferation and invasion, cell cycle, apoptosis, and autophagy. Modifications in gene expression were investigated through microarray and detection of existing mutations and finding of new ones was done with the help of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). RESULTS: Both CAPE and Kaempferol inhibit cell proliferation, motility and invasion, and stimulate apoptosis and autophagy, concomitant with modifications in coding and noncoding genes' expression. Moreover, there are pathogenic mutations that are no longer found upon treatment with CAPE and Kaempferol. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that CAPE and Kaempferol have the ability to negatively influence the development and advancement of colon cancer in vitro by specifically altering the cells at the molecular level; this activity can be exploited in possible adjuvant therapies once the optimal dose concentration with minimal side effects but with cancer inhibitory activity is set in vivo.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Ácidos Cafeicos/farmacologia , Neoplasias do Colo/tratamento farmacológico , Quempferóis/farmacologia , Invasividade Neoplásica/prevenção & controle , Álcool Feniletílico/análogos & derivados , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias do Colo/metabolismo , Neoplasias do Colo/patologia , Células HCT116 , Humanos , Invasividade Neoplásica/patologia , Álcool Feniletílico/farmacologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Despite advances in surgical techniques, recurrence rates after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) remain high and difficult to predict. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the potential role of microRNA 125b (miR-125b) in predicting disease evolution following ESS. METHODS: We conducted a prospective study including patients undergoing first ESS for CRSwNP in our department between January 2020 and November 2021. We determined miR-125b levels from nasal polyps and pursued a standardized follow-up for at least 18 months for each patient. RESULTS: A total of 86 patients were included in the study. Higher postoperative endoscopy scores were associated with more severe disease at presentation on computed tomography scan, presence of concomitant asthma, and higher values of miR-125b. Even after multivariate repeated measures analysis and adjustments for confounders, miR-125b remained statistically significant. Moreover, miR-125 was the most important factor in predicting disease evolution at 18 months. CONCLUSION: A clear, robust relation between nasal polyp control evaluated through objective measures and miR-125b values was observed. This finding indicates the potential role of miR-125b in predicting the course of the disease following ESS.
Assuntos
MicroRNAs , Pólipos Nasais , Rinite , Rinossinusite , Sinusite , Humanos , Pólipos Nasais/complicações , Estudos Prospectivos , Rinite/cirurgia , Sinusite/cirurgia , Endoscopia/métodos , Doença Crônica , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Clinical application of chemotherapy in lung cancer is constrained by side effects, notably cardiotoxicity, the mechanisms of which remain elusive. This study assessed the potential of specific miRNAs as biomarkers for chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity in lung cancer. We employed two lung adenocarcinoma cell lines (Calu6 and H1792) and ventricular normal human cardiac fibroblasts (NHCF-V) in single and co-culture experiments. Functional tests were conducted using 100 µM carboplatin and 1µM vinorelbine doses. The effects of carboplatin and vinorelbine, both individually and in combination, were evaluated at cellular and molecular levels 48h post-therapy for both mono- and co-cultures. miR-205-5p, miR-21-5p, and miR-30a-5p, modulated by anticancer treatments and influencing cardiotoxicity, were analyzed. Vinorelbine and carboplatin treatment promoted apoptosis and autophagy in lung cancer cells and cardiac fibroblasts more than in controls. Western blot analyses revealed BCL2 and p53 protein upregulation. Using qRT-PCR, we investigated the expression dynamics of miR-21-5p, miR-30c-5p, and miR-205-5p in co-cultured cardiomyocytes and lung cancer cells, revealing altered miRNA patterns from vinorelbine and carboplatin treatment. Our findings underscore the intricate relationship between chemotherapy, miRNA regulation, and cardiotoxicity, highlighting the importance of cardiac health in lung cancer treatment decisions.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , MicroRNAs , Humanos , Cardiotoxicidade/genética , Técnicas de Cocultura , Vinorelbina , Carboplatina/efeitos adversos , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/genética , MicroRNAs/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversosRESUMO
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that may function as tumor suppressors or oncogenes. Alteration of their expression levels has been linked to a range of human malignancies, including cancer. The objective of this investigation is to assess the relative expression levels of certain miRNAs to distinguish between prostate cancer (PCa) from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Blood plasma was collected from 66 patients diagnosed with BPH and 58 patients with PCa. Real-time PCR technology was used to evaluate the relative expression among the two groups for miR-106a-5p and miR-148a-3p. The significant downregulation of both miRNAs in plasma from PCa versus BPH patients suggests their potential utility as diagnostic biomarkers for distinguishing between these conditions. The concurrent utilization of these two miRNAs slightly enhanced the sensitivity for discrimination among the two analyzed groups, as shown in ROC curve analysis. Further validation of these miRNAs in larger patient cohorts and across different stages of PCa may strengthen their candidacy as clinically relevant biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais , MicroRNAs , Hiperplasia Prostática , Neoplasias da Próstata , Humanos , Masculino , MicroRNAs/genética , MicroRNAs/sangue , Neoplasias da Próstata/genética , Neoplasias da Próstata/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Próstata/sangue , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Biomarcadores Tumorais/sangue , Idoso , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Hiperplasia Prostática/genética , Hiperplasia Prostática/sangue , Hiperplasia Prostática/diagnóstico , Projetos Piloto , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão GênicaRESUMO
Objective: : Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) remains an essential differential diagnosis in patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP). In this study, we aimed to assess to prevalence of AE in a cohort of FEP patients. Methods: : We used a phenotype-driven algorithm to detect AE in patients with FEP. Initially, we screened patients for warning signs with a low or high pre-test probability for AE, defined as "yellow" and "red flags", respectively. In the next step, patients with red flags underwent cerebrospinal fluid analysis (including neural antibodies), while patients with yellow flags underwent tests for serum neural antibodies, electroencephalography, and brain magnetic resonance imaging. Results: : We screened 78 patients with FEP and found that eight (10.3%) had at least one warning sign for AE: four (5.13%) patients had at least one red flag, while four (5.13%) had only yellow flags. Among these, two patients (2.56%) had anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis, while the remaining six (7.69%) received a primary psychiatric disorder diagnosis. Conclusion: : Our study highlights the importance of considering AE in the differential diagnosis of FEP.
RESUMO
Lung cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. It is classified into two main histological groups: non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer. Improving the outcome of cancer patients could be possible by enhancing the early diagnosis. In the current study, we evaluated the levels of three microRNAs - miR-21-5p, miR-155-5p, and miR-181a-5p in tumor (TT) vs adjacent normal tissue (NT), as well as their expression levels in plasma and extracellular vesicles (EVs) from plasma in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) male patients vs healthy individuals as means to identify a panel of miRNAs that could serve as novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of LUSC in male patients. Matched paired tissue samples from male LUSC (n=40) patients were used for miRNA expression analysis. MiR-21-5p and miR-155-5p in tumor tissue were overexpressed, while underexpression of miR-181a-5p was observed in LUSC TT vs NT. These results were further validated in the TCGA LUSC dataset, considering 279 male samples. These alterations of miR-21-5p, miR-181a-5p, and miR-155-5p in tumor tissue are also present in plasma and plasma extracellular vesicles in LUSC male patients. In addition, ROC curves were performed to assess the sensitivity and specificity of different combinations of these miRNAs, confirming a high diagnostic accuracy for LUSC of up to 88 % in male subjects. The expression levels in tissue samples and the abundance in plasma and plasma EVs of the three miRNAs combined - miR-21-5p, miR-155-5p and miR-181a-5p - could be considered for further studies on biomarkers for the early detection of LUSC in male subjects.
RESUMO
Canine mammary tumors represent one of the leading malignant pathologies in female dogs, displaying the importance of efficient therapeutic findings, besides the golden-standard surgery, able to limit the development of the disease. Studies in human cancers demonstrated that Doxorubicin presents a good effect in different biological processes like apoptosis, autophagy, the cell cycle, cell invasion, and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. This study followed the effects of Doxorubicin on two canine mammary cancer cell lines P114 and CMT-U27. Doxorubicin treatment in both cell lines shows an inhibitory effect in cell proliferation and an alteration in expression of the EMT-related genes. The obtained results provide valuable information for revealing the link between Doxorubicin, phenotypic changes, and proliferation dynamics in canine mammary tumor models.