RESUMO
CONTEXT: The diagnosis of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) can only be made pathologically, and there is no concordance of defined clinical criteria for premorbid diagnosis. The absence of established criteria and the insufficient imaging findings to detect this disease in a living athlete are of growing concern. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: The article is a review of the current literature on CTE. Databases searched include Medline, PubMed, JAMA evidence, and evidence-based medicine guidelines Cochrane Library, Hospital for Special Surgery, and Cornell Library databases. STUDY DESIGN: Clinical review. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 4. RESULTS: Chronic traumatic encephalopathy cannot be diagnosed on imaging. Examples of imaging findings in common types of head trauma are discussed. CONCLUSION: Further study is necessary to correlate the clinical and imaging findings of repetitive head injuries with the pathologic diagnosis of CTE.
Assuntos
Atletas , Traumatismos em Atletas/diagnóstico , Boxe , Lesões Encefálicas/complicações , Lesão Encefálica Crônica/diagnóstico , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/diagnóstico , Traumatismos em Atletas/complicações , Traumatismos em Atletas/fisiopatologia , Lesões Encefálicas/diagnóstico , Lesões Encefálicas/fisiopatologia , Lesão Encefálica Crônica/complicações , Lesão Encefálica Crônica/fisiopatologia , Progressão da Doença , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Humanos , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/etiologia , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/fisiopatologia , Neuroimagem/instrumentação , Neuroimagem/métodos , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , RecidivaRESUMO
Asian-Indians have high rates of coronary artery disease (CAD), which also occurs at an earlier age, with 50% of all heart attacks occurring in patients <55 years old and 25% in those <40 years old. Previous studies have cited structural factors in Asian-Indians, specifically smaller coronary arteries, as the cause of increased CAD in this population. We found that Asian-Indian patients have smaller coronary arteries, with a statistically significant difference in the mean diameter even after correction for body surface area.