[Characteristics of the energy metabolism in the kidneys in analgesic nephropathy]. / Osobennosti énergeticheskogo obmena v pochkakh pri anal'geticheskoi nefropatii

Effect of prolonged treatment with acetyl salicylic acid (100 mg/kg) on energy metabolism was studied in dog kidney. Functional conditions of kidney were altered, which was manifested by an increase in excretion of sodium and by impairement is osmotic concentrating of urine. Studies of energy metabolism revealed uncoupling of oxidation and phosphorylation and also some decrease in the activity of glycolytic processes. The observed alterations in bioenergetics of kidney tissue are considered as important factors in development of analgetic nephropathy.

[Characteristics of nitric oxide profile in new cases of focal infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis]. / Kharakteristika nitroksidergicheskogo profilia u vpervye zabolevshikh ochagovym infiltrativnym tuberkulezom legkikh.

Nitric oxide (NO) is the molecule that is one of the main elements of the antipathogenic activity of phagocytes that are involved in the provision of the body's resistance to the penetration and development of infections, including tuberculous one. The levels of final NO metabolites (nitrites and nitrates) in the blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and cultured alveolar macrophageal supernatant were measured during examination of 74 patients with focal and infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis. There were decreased levels of final NO metabolites in all biological fluids in the examinees as compared with healthy individuals. The degree of the decreases in NO concentrations correlated with the severity and extent of a specific pulmonary process; it was the least in focal tuberculosis and the greatest in the infiltrative process with decay.

[The activating action of mercaptobenzimidazole derivatives on peritoneal macrophages]. / Aktiviziruiushchee vozdeistvie proizvodnykh merkaptobenzimidazola na peritoneal'nye makrofagi.

It was established that derivatives of mercaptobenzimidazole (bemitil, methoxybemitil, 5-ethoxy-2-ethylmercaptobenzimidazole hydrochloride) in a dose of 25 mg/kg stimulate the mouse peritoneal macrophages by increasing their phagocytic activity and phagocytosis index. Among the studied agents 5-ethoxy-2-ethylmercaptobenzimidazole hydrochloride possesses the greatest effect. The increase of phagocytosis processes was shown to be accompanied with a growth of the number of macrophages reducing nitroblue tetrazolium in diphormazan and with an enhancement of secretion of lysosomal enzymes.

[Phagocyte functional activity and bactericidal systems after exposure to rifampicin, lincomycin and methicillin]. / Funktsional'naia aktivnost' i bakteritsidnye sistemy fagotsitov posle vozdeistviia rifampitsinom, linkomitsinom i metitsillinom.

To show possible mechanisms of the inhibitory effect of rifampicin, lincomycin and methicillin on the functional activity of the phagocytes, their effect on the intracellular bactericidal systems and the state of the regulatory function of the macrophages in the immunogenesis were studied. Correlation between the decrease in the values of the phagocytosis completeness and the changes in the activity of the myeloperoxidase bactericidal system and the alkaline phosphatase in the neutrophilic granulocytes was shown. The decrease in the number of the antibody producers at the maximum level of the immune response to administration of sheep red cells as the test antigen due to rifampicin or lincomycin was not accompanied by impairment of the immune regulatory function of the macrophages.

[Effect of anaprilin on the humoral and cellular immune response]. / Vliianie anaprilina na gumoral'nyi i kletochnyi immunnyi otvet.

The immunosuppressive effect of anaprilin on humoral and cellular responses was established during experiments on mice. The influence of the drug on the phenomenon of hypersensitivity of delayed type begins to be revealed at the lower dose of the drug (0.5 mg/kg) as compared with the inhibitory action of the beta-adrenoblocker on antibody formation (1 mg/kg).

[Effect of a number of immunostimulating preparations on the intracellular bactericidal systems of peripheral blood neutrophils]. / Vliianie riada immunostimuliruiushchikh preparatov na nekotorye vnutrikletochnye bakteritsidnye sistemy neitrofilov perifericheskoi krovi.

Administration of methyluracil (20 mg/kg), dibasol (2 mg/kg), prodigiosan (5 micrograms/kg) and levamisole (2.5 mg/kg) to rabbits was followed by stimulation of phagocytic activity of peripheral blood neutrophils. As regards the degree of the effect, the drugs might be arranged in the following way: prodigiosan greater than levamisole greater than methyluracil greater than dibazol. The induction effects of levamisole and prodigiosan on the activity of the myeloperoxidase bactericidal system and alkaline phosphatase in leukocytes correlated with an increase in their functional activity. In contrast to the drugs indicated, the phagocytosis-stimulating action of methyluracil on peripheral blood neutrophils was not apparently mediated via the bactericidal systems studied but via other mechanisms one of which might be activation of nucleo- and proteinosynthesis. In the dose indicated dibasol did not produce any essential effect on the phagocytic response and intracellular bactericidal systems of phagocytes. All the drugs under study did not produce any effect on the neutrophil content of non-enzymatic cation proteins.

[Nature of the immunotropic activity of calcium antagonists]. / Izuchenie kharaktera immunotropnoi aktivnosti nekotorykh antagonistov kal'tsiia.

It was shown in experiments on CBA mice that four-fold administration of calcium antagonists (verapamil, nifedipine) in doses of 5-10 mg/kg was accompanied by the development of the immunosuppressive effect. Reactions of hypersensitivity of delayed type were inhibited to the greatest degree. To a lesser degree calcium antagonists suppressed the humoral immune responses to the thymus-dependent antigen without exerting any action on the formation of antibodies to the thymus-independent antigen.

[Immunocorrective action of tuftsin during exposure to ionizing radiation]. / Immunokorrigiruiushchee vliianie taftstina pri vozdeistvii na organizm ioniziruiushchei radiatsii.

The effect of the tetrapeptide tuftcin (Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg) on the humoral immune response in CBA mice exposed to sublethal irradiation in a dose of 450 sGy was studied. The drug was injected intraperitoneally for 5 days before (series I) or after (series II) radiation exposure. It has been shown that taftcin has no protective action but decreases considerably the immune response lowering due to radiation.

[Neurosensitization in resuscitated animals and its correction with piracetam]. / Neirosensibilizatsiia u reanimirovannykh zhivotnykh i ee korrektsiia piratsetamom.

Study of the immune reactions of the humoral and cellular types in rats, which had suffered terminal condition, has demonstrated the development of sensitization. The degree of the immunological shifts was determined by clinical death duration and by the period of postresuscitation. Injection of piracetam (100 mg/kg, subcutaneously) within the first 10 days after resuscitation noticeably reduced the manifestations of neurosensitization.

[Effect of piracetam derivatives on antibody formation]. / Vliianie proizvodnykh piratsetama na antitelobrazovanie.

Immunomodulatory effects of piracetam and a number of its derivatives were studied in mice. It was shown that multiple injections of such substances at a dose of 50-200 mg/kg change the amount of antibody-forming cells in the spleen of animals immunized with sheep red blood cells. The dose of 200 mg/kg was the most effective one, with the direction of immunomodulatory activity depending on the chemical composition of the compounds. Thus joining of phenol radical to piracetam molecule strengthened immunosuppression, and vice versa insertion of hydrazide group led to stimulation of antibody formation. It is stressed that immunosuppressive effect of piracetam must be taken into consideration during the clinical use of the drug.

[Comparative evaluation of the effect of tuftsin and its analogs on immunogenesis]. / Sravnitel'naia otsenka vliianiia na immunogenez taftsina i nekotorykh ego analogov.

The immunomodulator effect of tuftsin (Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg) and some analogs has been demonstrated on mice. All the peptides administered during the inductive phase of immunogenesis increased the content of antibody-producing cells in the spleen. Tuftsin and D-Arg-tuftsin appeared to be the most effective. The peptides did not affect the immune response under other application schemes.