Energy and social factor decomposition to identify drivers impeding sustainable environmental transition in emerging countries: SDGs-2030 progress assessment using LMDI analysis.

The balance between human growth, economic prosperity, and the consumption of hydrocarbon energy factors has become a prerequisite for environmental sustainability. However, the complexities of these factors force researchers to work for more viable combinations of such a balance. Therefore, this study attempted to determine the factors driving environmental sustainability in leading populated economies. For this purpose, the Logarithmic Mean Division Index (LMDI) utilized to decompose critical factors such as activity, economy, real density, energy intensity, and suburban effects for the period 1999-2022. Both population and its consequences (economic activity) have been found to be the leading factors behind environmental fluctuations, and energy has a negative impact on hydrocarbon forms, while contributing positively to environmental sustainability with high efficiency and low intensity. Therefore, sustainable demographic and energy transitions can be leading pathways for environmental sustainability in developing economies.

To study the learning curve of capsulorhexis in manual small incision cataract surgery among postgraduate residents in central India.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the learning curve of continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC) and to assess the number of surgeries required to master it among residents in a postgraduate teaching institute. METHODS: The present prospective observational study was based on the completion time and complication rates related to CCC performed using various techniques by 10 students in the 2nd (JR2) and 3rd-year (JR3) of residency. CCC was performed either by a cystotome or capsulorhexis forceps or by a combined method in 253 eyes, of which 160 eyes (63.2%) were operated by JR3 and 93 (36.8%) by JR2. The complication rates were studied with respect to the number of capsular extensions, posterior capsular rent (PCR), zonular dehiscence, need for senior surgical assistance, and nucleus drop. RESULTS: The average time required for the completion of CCC was 412 ± 90.5 s. The average number of times residents required to fill the anterior chamber with viscoelastic was 6.9 ± 1.4. The average size of CCC was 7 ± 0.66 mm. Extended CCC was the most common complication. JR2 required assistance from a senior surgeon in 47 eyes (50.5%), whereas JR3 required assistance in 39 eyes (24.4%) (P = 0.0001). The rate of PCR was not significantly different in JR2 (7.5%) and JR3 (8.8%). CONCLUSION: CCC is a difficult step to master in the trainee. Focusing and practicing on this step will help to reduce the complications and maximize proficiency. Approximately 6-eight surgeries are required to master CCC.