RESUMO
The sequence of 1383 nucleotides of the DNA encoding 16S rDNA was determined for strains of human intestinal spirochaetes, comprising an unnamed isolate and "Brachyspira aalborgi" NCTC 11492. A phylogenetic tree was inferred from aligned sequence comparisons between the intestinal spirochaetes, representatives of the Spirochaetales and Escherichia coli. The type strain of Brachyspira aalborgi, though related to the Serpulina spp. at approx. 96.5% sequence similarity was distinct and separated from the unnamed human intestinal isolate, HIS Oman, N26. The latter formed a separated and novel lineage that bisected the Spirochaetales.
Assuntos
DNA Ribossômico/química , Intestinos/microbiologia , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Spirochaetales/genética , Humanos , FilogeniaRESUMO
Australia is a large country divided into six states and two territories, each of which has infection control programmes. This paper looks at the organization of infection control in Australia, as well as describing the national bodies involved and recent state initiatives in infection control.
Assuntos
Infecção Hospitalar/prevenção & controle , Controle de Infecções/organização & administração , Austrália/epidemiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Humanos , Profissionais Controladores de Infecções/educação , Profissionais Controladores de Infecções/organização & administração , Programas Nacionais de Saúde/organização & administração , Vigilância da População , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Prevalência , Setor Privado/organização & administração , Setor Público/organização & administração , Garantia da Qualidade dos Cuidados de Saúde/organização & administração , Sociedades Científicas/organização & administraçãoRESUMO
Two iron hematoxylin staining procedures were developed. Both use stable stock solutions and can be prepared volumetrically. The nuclear stain is progressive but differentiation is required for myelin sheath and elastic tissue staining. Histochemical procedures demonstrated that acid, hydroxyl, and aldehyde groups play no role in the staining but amine groups are essential. With both types of stains neither electrostatic bonding nor hydrogen bonding is essential but the nature of the union between tissue and the iron hematoxylin complex was not determined.
Assuntos
Núcleo Celular/análise , Tecido Elástico/análise , Bainha de Mielina/análise , Coloração e Rotulagem/métodos , Animais , Compostos Férricos , Hematoxilina , Humanos , Camundongos , RatosRESUMO
An outbreak of infections due to multiple antibiotic-resistant bacteria took place over a period of approximately 18 months in a renal unit. Strains of Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter spp. and Pseudomonas spp. were involved, and a variety of antibiotic resistances was encountered. Closely related plasmids encoding resistance to aztreonam, ceftazidime and piperacillin, possibly derived from an archetypal plasmid of 105 kb were found in the majority of isolates examined. After limiting the use of aztreonam the incidence of new patient isolates of multiple-resistant organisms was greatly reduced. This study demonstrated how molecular studies can contribute to the control of an outbreak situation in a hospital unit by providing an impetus to reduce the use of specific antibiotics.
Assuntos
Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/prevenção & controle , Surtos de Doenças/prevenção & controle , Resistência a Múltiplos Medicamentos , Infecção Hospitalar/tratamento farmacológico , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/classificação , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/isolamento & purificação , Unidades Hospitalares , Humanos , Fatores R/genética , Fatores R/isolamento & purificação , Estações do Ano , Reino Unido/epidemiologiaRESUMO
In this paper we consider organizational and design aspects of an assessment of physicians' office pathology testing, and discuss difficulties in measuring the level of performance and effectiveness of such diagnostic services. A major consideration is the trade-off between compliance with a well-defined protocol, and use of the technology in a way which resembles normal operating practice.