RESUMO
Evaluation of expression profile in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients is an important approach to understand possible similar functional consequences that may underlie disease pathophysiology regardless of its genetic heterogeneity. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neuronal models have been useful to explore this question, but larger cohorts and different ASD endophenotypes still need to be investigated. Moreover, whether changes seen in this in vitro model reflect previous findings in ASD postmortem brains and how consistent they are across the studies remain underexplored questions. We examined the transcriptome of iPSC-derived neuronal cells from a normocephalic ASD cohort composed mostly of high-functioning individuals and from non-ASD individuals. ASD patients presented expression dysregulation of a module of co-expressed genes involved in protein synthesis in neuronal progenitor cells (NPC), and a module of genes related to synapse/neurotransmission and a module related to translation in neurons. Proteomic analysis in NPC revealed potential molecular links between the modules dysregulated in NPC and in neurons. Remarkably, the comparison of our results to a series of transcriptome studies revealed that the module related to synapse has been consistently found as upregulated in iPSC-derived neurons-which has an expression profile more closely related to fetal brain-while downregulated in postmortem brain tissue, indicating a reliable association of this network to the disease and suggesting that its dysregulation might occur in different directions across development in ASD individuals. Therefore, the expression pattern of this network might be used as biomarker for ASD and should be experimentally explored as a therapeutic target.
Assuntos
Transtorno do Espectro Autista , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes Induzidas , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/genética , Humanos , Neurônios , Proteômica , Transcriptoma/genéticaRESUMO
The production of chicken feet is primarily intended for foreign markets, and there is still no specific legislation in Brazil that determines the quality standard of these products. The bacteriological quality of chicken feet was evaluated as a product for human consumption at different steps of the technological processes. Eighty broiler feet from 20 lots at 4 steps of processing were collected for quantitative analysis, total count of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, and determining the most probable number of coliforms and fecal coliforms. Thirty-eight pools of 15 broiler feet each from 19 lots were used for qualitative analysis and the isolation of Salmonella enterica spp. and Escherichia coli O157:H7. Escherichia coli O157:H7 was not found in any of the samples. Salmonella spp. were isolated in 68% (13/19) of the lots. The Salmonella Schwarzengrund serotype was found in 12 of the 13 lots of positive samples and the Salmonella Anatum and Salmonella Corvallis serotypes were identified in the remaining lot. Processing is effective in reducing contamination by mesophilic bacteria, coliforms, and Salmonella spp. in these products. This work constitutes the first study in Brazil on microbiological quality of chicken feet.
Assuntos
Manipulação de Alimentos/métodos , Pé/microbiologia , Produtos da Carne/microbiologia , Animais , GalinhasRESUMO
In this study, the effects of nicotine on global gene expression of cultured cells from the brainstem of spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were evaluated using whole-genome oligoarrays. We found that nicotine may act differentially on the gene expression profiles of SHR and WKY. The influence of strain was present in 321 genes that were differentially expressed in SHR as compared with WKY brainstem cells independently of the nicotine treatment. A total of 146 genes had their expression altered in both strains after nicotine exposure. Interaction between nicotine treatment and the strain was observed to affect the expression of 229 genes that participate in cellular pathways related to neurotransmitter secretion, intracellular trafficking and cell communication, and are possibly involved in the phenotypic differentiation between SHR and WKY rats, including hypertension. Further characterization of their function in hypertension development is warranted.
Assuntos
Tronco Encefálico/metabolismo , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Nicotina/farmacologia , Ratos Endogâmicos SHR/metabolismo , Ratos Endogâmicos WKY/metabolismo , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Tronco Encefálico/efeitos dos fármacos , Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipertensão/genética , Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos , RatosRESUMO
AIMS: To evaluate an integrated aquaculture system, microbiological analyses of water used in this system were carried out and the incidence and antimicrobial resistance of enteropathogens were determined in the related ecosystem. METHODS AND RESULTS: Microbiological analysis was undertaken for Salmonella sp., Shigella sp., Vibrio sp. and Aeromonas sp. The disc-diffusion method was performed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Water samples tested had 32.9% of faecal coliform rates (≤1600 per 100 ml) in accordance with WHO for pisciculture in wastewater. Salmonella spp. were detected in 14.5% of the samples. From a total of 33 strains, 15.1% were resistant to one or two antimicrobial drugs tested and multidrug resistance was not observed. Aeromonas spp. were identified in 91.6% of the samples. From a total of 416 strains, resistance to one antimicrobial class was observed in 66.3% and multidrug resistance in 37.7%. CONCLUSIONS: This system reflects the community profile, drawing attention to the circulation of pathogens, because the genes coding for resistance to classical antibiotics and broad spectrum are a public health problem. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The reuse of water resources requires continuous monitoring as the system is subject to treatment failure, which can result in the spread of bacterial pathogens.
Assuntos
Aeromonas/isolamento & purificação , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Aquicultura/métodos , Salmonella/isolamento & purificação , Microbiologia da Água , Aeromonas/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Ecossistema , Peixes , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Salmonella/efeitos dos fármacos , Shigella/efeitos dos fármacos , Shigella/isolamento & purificação , Vibrio/efeitos dos fármacos , Vibrio/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
To investigate antimicrobial resistance, 96 Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Enteritidis strains isolated from salmonellosis outbreaks and poultry-related products obtained in southern Brazil were analyzed. Macrorestriction patterns, obtained by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and phage types, were assessed. Although 43.75% of samples were sensitive to all drugs tested, resistance to sulfonamide (34.37%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (25.00%), nalidixic acid (14.58%), streptomycin (2.08%), gentamicin, and tetracycline (1.04%) was identified. Furthermore, 89.60% of strains belonged to phage type 4, and a predominant pulsed-field gel electrophoresis genotype represented by 82.29% of the strains was identified, suggesting that a clonal group was distributed in poultry, food, and human isolates. Although it was not possible to associate strains from different sources, the occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella Enteritidis strains supports the need to establish monitoring programs to identify the emergence of potential resistance patterns and to direct policies for use of these drugs in food-producing animals.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Surtos de Doenças/veterinária , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Aves Domésticas/microbiologia , Salmonelose Animal/microbiologia , Infecções por Salmonella/microbiologia , Salmonella enteritidis/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Tipagem de Bacteriófagos , Brasil/epidemiologia , DNA Bacteriano/química , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , Infecções por Salmonella/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Salmonella/epidemiologia , Salmonelose Animal/tratamento farmacológico , Salmonelose Animal/epidemiologia , Salmonella enteritidis/efeitos dos fármacos , Salmonella enteritidis/genéticaRESUMO
The scientific publication landscape is changing quickly, with an enormous increase in options and models. Articles can be published in a complex variety of journals that differ in their presentation format (online-only or in-print), editorial organizations that maintain them (commercial and/or society-based), editorial handling (academic or professional editors), editorial board composition (academic or professional), payment options to cover editorial costs (open access or pay-to-read), indexation, visibility, branding, and other aspects. Additionally, online submissions of non-revised versions of manuscripts prior to seeking publication in a peer-reviewed journal (a practice known as pre-printing) are a growing trend in biological sciences. In this changing landscape, researchers in biochemistry and molecular biology must re-think their priorities in terms of scientific output dissemination. The evaluation processes and institutional funding for scientific publications should also be revised accordingly. This article presents the results of discussions within the Department of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, on this subject.
Assuntos
Bioquímica , Biologia Molecular , Publicações Periódicas como Assunto/estatística & dados numéricos , Editoração/tendências , Pesquisa , Brasil , Humanos , Publicações Periódicas como Assunto/normas , Publicações Periódicas como Assunto/tendênciasRESUMO
Wild-type and chimeric constructs comprising rabbit sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+)-ATPase and the N-terminal cytoplasmic portion of yeast plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase were expressed in yeast under control of a heat-shock regulated promoter. The wild-type ATPase was found predominantly in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes. Addition of the first 88 residues of H(+)-ATPase to the Ca(2+)-ATPase N-terminal end promoted a marked shift in the localization of chimeric H(+)/Ca(2+)-ATPase which accumulated in a light membrane fraction associated with yeast smooth ER. Furthermore, there was a three-fold increase in the overall level of expression of chimeric H(+)/Ca(2+)-ATPase. Similar results were obtained for a chimeric Ca(2+)-ATPase containing a hexahistidine sequence added to its N-terminal end. Both H(+)/Ca(2+)-ATPase and 6xHis-Ca(2+)-ATPase were functional as demonstrated by their ability to form a phosphorylated intermediate and undergo fast turnover. Conversely, a replacement chimera in which the N-terminal end of SR Ca(2+)-ATPase was replaced by the corresponding segment of H(+)-ATPase was not stably expressed in yeast membranes. These results indicate that the N-terminal segment of Ca(2+)-ATPase plays an important role in enzyme assembly and contains structural determinants necessary for ER retention of the ATPase.
Assuntos
ATPases Transportadoras de Cálcio/biossíntese , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/enzimologia , Retículo Sarcoplasmático/enzimologia , Animais , ATPases Transportadoras de Cálcio/genética , Membrana Celular/enzimologia , Imunofluorescência , Regulação Fúngica da Expressão Gênica , Membranas Intracelulares/enzimologia , Microscopia Confocal , Fosforilação , Plasmídeos , Testes de Precipitina , Coelhos , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/genética , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Sitios de Sequências RotuladasRESUMO
In recent years, expression of rabbit sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+)-ATPase in heterologous systems has been a widely used strategy to study altered enzymes generated by site-directed mutagenesis. Various eukaryotic expression systems have been tested, all of them yielding comparable amounts of recombinant protein. However, the relatively low yield of recombinant protein obtained so far suggests that novel purification techniques will be required to allow further characterization of this enzyme based on direct ligand-binding measurements.
Assuntos
ATPases Transportadoras de Cálcio/genética , Retículo Sarcoplasmático/enzimologia , Animais , ATPases Transportadoras de Cálcio/biossíntese , Expressão Gênica , Mutagênese Sítio-Dirigida , Coelhos , Proteínas Recombinantes/biossíntese , Proteínas Recombinantes/genéticaRESUMO
This paper reports the characterization of clinical Vibrio cholerae resistant to vibriostatic agent O/129, using classical and plasmid analysis. In a study conducted during December 1991-September 1993, two of 7,058 V. cholerae strains, obtained from patients suspected to have cholera in the State of Ceará, northeast Brazil, were resistant to 150 micrograms of the vibriostatic agent O/129 (2,4-diamino-6,7-diisopropylpteridine). One strain was identified as V. cholerae O1 El Tor Inaba and the other one as serogroup O22. Only one O1 strain harboured a plasmid of 147 kb transferable to Escherichia coli K12, and five strains of V. cholerae O1 and non-O1 were sensitive to O/129 and plasmid-negative at a frequency between 8 x 10(-2) and 3.6 x 10(-5). Additionally, O/129-resistant strains of V. cholerae O1 and O22 were resistant to trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Cólera/microbiologia , Enterite/microbiologia , Pteridinas/farmacologia , Vibrio cholerae/efeitos dos fármacos , Brasil , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Fezes/microbiologia , HumanosRESUMO
The Salmonella serovars involved in 25 food poisoning episodes which occurred in the Southeast and South of Brazil from 1982 to 1991 were identified. The most frequently detected serotype was S. Typhimurium (13/25, 52%), and the food most frequently involved in the transmission of Salmonella was homemade mayonnaise. The need to set up a permanent program of epidemiologic alert for food poisoning is emphasized.
Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças , Intoxicação Alimentar por Salmonella/epidemiologia , Salmonella/isolamento & purificação , Brasil/epidemiologia , Alimentos , Humanos , Salmonella/classificação , Intoxicação Alimentar por Salmonella/microbiologia , Salmonella typhimurium/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
The lysotypes, plasmidial profiles, and profiles of resistance to antimicrobial agents were determined in 111 Salmonella Typhimurium strains isolated from feces and blood of children treated in Rio de Janeiro and in Salvador. Six distinct lysotypes (19, 41, 97, 105, 120 and 193) were recognized, with a predominance of lysotype 193 (59.7%) in Rio de Janeiro and of phage type 105 (38.4) in Salvador. Approximately 86.7% of the lysotype 193 strains presented multiple resistance to more than six antimicrobial agents, whereas 93% of lysotype 105 strains were fully susceptible. More than 90% of the strains presented plasmids distributed into 36 different profiles in Rio de Janeiro and into 10 profiles in Salvador. A 40 MDa plasmid was the most frequent (47%) in the strains from Rio de Janeiro, whereas a 61 MDa plasmid predominated (14.5%) in Salvador. Combined analysis of plasmid profile and classification into lysotypes (especially those belonging to types 105 and 103, proved to be more discriminatory than the other methods applied).
Assuntos
Infecções por Salmonella/epidemiologia , Salmonella typhimurium/isolamento & purificação , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Humanos , Plasmídeos , Infecções por Salmonella/microbiologia , Salmonella typhimurium/classificação , Salmonella typhimurium/efeitos dos fármacos , População UrbanaRESUMO
Of 7058 Vibrio cholerae strains recovered from patients suspected of cholera in the State of Ceará between December 1991 and September 1993, two were resistant to antimicrobials (Ampicillin, erythromycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline) and to vibriostatic agent O/129 (2,4-diamino-6,7-diisopropylpteridine). From the bacteriological standpoint, one strain was identified as V. cholerae serogroup O:1, biotype El Tor, serovar Inaba, and another as V. cholerae serogroup O:22, biochemically classified as Heiberg type II. It was shown that only in the serogroup O:1 strain, multiple resistance was encoded by a plasmid transferrable by conjugation to Escherichia coli K12 and a sensitive strains of V. cholerae O1 and non-O1, with at a frequency between 8 x 10(-2) and 5 x 10(-6). The plasmid, with a molecular weight of 147 Kb, encoded both multiple resistance to antimicrobials and the vibriostatic compound (O/129), compatible with descriptions reported in other parts of world.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/antagonistas & inibidores , Resistência a Múltiplos Medicamentos , Gastroenterite/microbiologia , Vibrio cholerae/efeitos dos fármacos , Brasil , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Fenótipo , Sorotipagem , Vibrio cholerae/classificação , Vibrio cholerae/genética , Vibrio cholerae/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Leprosy epidemiological studies have been restricted to Mycobacterium leprae DNA detection in nasal and oral mucosa samples with scarce literature on peripheral blood. We present the largest study applying quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) for the detection of M. leprae DNA in peripheral blood samples of 200 untreated leprosy patients and 826 household contacts, with results associated with clinical and laboratory parameters. To detect M. leprae DNA a TaqMan qPCR assay targeting the M. leprae ML0024 genomic region was performed. The ML0024 qPCR in blood samples detected the presence of bacillus DNA in 22.0% (44/200) of the leprosy patients: 23.2% (16/69) in paucibacillary (PB), and 21.4% (28/131) in multibacillary (MB) patients. Overall positivity among contacts was 1.2% (10/826), with similar percentages regardless of whether the index case was PB or MB. After a follow-up period of 7 years, 26 contacts have developed leprosy. Comparing the results of healthy contacts with those that become ill, ML0024 qPCR positivity at the time of diagnosis of their index case represented an impressive 14.78-fold greater risk for leprosy onset (95% CI 3.6-60.8; p <0.0001). In brief, contacts with positive PCR in blood at diagnosis of index cases are at higher risk of later leprosy onset and this marker might be combined with other prognostic markers for management of contacts, which requires further studies.
Assuntos
DNA Bacteriano/sangue , Hanseníase Multibacilar/sangue , Hanseníase Multibacilar/transmissão , Hanseníase Paucibacilar/sangue , Hanseníase Paucibacilar/transmissão , Mycobacterium leprae/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Portador Sadio/sangue , Seguimentos , Humanos , Hanseníase Multibacilar/epidemiologia , Hanseníase Paucibacilar/epidemiologia , Mycobacterium leprae/isolamento & purificação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
The scientific publication landscape is changing quickly, with an enormous increase in options and models. Articles can be published in a complex variety of journals that differ in their presentation format (online-only or in-print), editorial organizations that maintain them (commercial and/or society-based), editorial handling (academic or professional editors), editorial board composition (academic or professional), payment options to cover editorial costs (open access or pay-to-read), indexation, visibility, branding, and other aspects. Additionally, online submissions of non-revised versions of manuscripts prior to seeking publication in a peer-reviewed journal (a practice known as pre-printing) are a growing trend in biological sciences. In this changing landscape, researchers in biochemistry and molecular biology must re-think their priorities in terms of scientific output dissemination. The evaluation processes and institutional funding for scientific publications should also be revised accordingly. This article presents the results of discussions within the Department of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, on this subject.
Assuntos
Humanos , Publicações Periódicas como Assunto/estatística & dados numéricos , Editoração/tendências , Pesquisa , Bioquímica , Biologia Molecular , Publicações Periódicas como Assunto/normas , Publicações Periódicas como Assunto/tendências , BrasilRESUMO
Foi analisado um total de 1824 cepas de Salmonella, isoladas de alimentos de origem suína, no período de janeiro/2005 a junho/2010. As cepas, provenientes de diferentes regiões do país, foram recebidas pelo Labent/IOC/FIocruz para caracterização antigênica conclusiva. Foram identificados 41 sorovares, destacando-se: Typhimurium, Derby, Enteritidis, Panama, Infantis e Anatum. Aspectos bacteriológicos e epidemiológicos relacionados a esses sorovares foram discutidos. O teste de suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos foi realizado em 357 amostras, 257 (72%) foram resistentes a uma ou mais drogas, e destas, 31,9% mostraram-se multirresistentes. A variedade de sorovares observada neste estudo confirma o papel dos suínos na cadeia alimentar como importantes reservatórios de Salmonella, agravado ainda pelo elevado percentual de cepas resistentes a um ou mais antimicrobianos, alertando para uma condição de risco à saúde pública.
RESUMO
Foi analisado um total de 1824 cepas de Salmonella, isoladas de alimentos de origem suína, no período de janeiro/2005 a junho/2010. As cepas, provenientes de diferentes regiões do país, foram recebidas pelo Labent/IOC/FIocruz para caracterização antigênica conclusiva. Foram identificados 41 sorovares, destacando-se: Typhimurium, Derby, Enteritidis, Panama, Infantis e Anatum. Aspectos bacteriológicos e epidemiológicos relacionados a esses sorovares foram discutidos. O teste de suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos foi realizado em 357 amostras, 257 (72%) foram resistentes a uma ou mais drogas, e destas, 31,9% mostraram-se multirresistentes. A variedade de sorovares observada neste estudo confirma o papel dos suínos na cadeia alimentar como importantes reservatórios de Salmonella, agravado ainda pelo elevado percentual de cepas resistentes a um ou mais antimicrobianos, alertando para uma condição de risco à saúde pública.
We analyzed a total of 1824 strains of Salmonella isolated from swine-origin foods from January/2005 to June/2010. The strains from different regions of the country were received by Labent/IOC/FIOCRUZ for conclusive antigenic characterization. We identified 41 serovars, of which these stood out: Typhimurium, Derby, Enteritidis, Panama, Infantis and Anatum. Bacteriological and epidemiological aspects related to these serovars were discussed. The antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed on 357 samples, 257 (72%) were resistant to one or more of these drugs and 31,9% were multiresistant. A variety of serovars were identified reinforcing the swine as an important reservoir of Salmonella in the food chain. The high rates of antimicrobial resistance obtained in this evaluation may represent a risk condition to human health.
Assuntos
Animais , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Salmonella , Saúde Pública Veterinária , Zoonoses , Anti-Infecciosos , Epidemiologia , Sorologia , Doenças dos SuínosRESUMO
In Brazil, Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis resistant to various antimicrobials, including cephalosporins, has been identified as an etiological agent of severe gastroenteritis in hospitalized children since 1994. In this study, 35 serovar Infantis strains, isolated from children admitted to four different Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, hospitals between 1996 and 2001, were characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing in order to determine their genetic relatedness and antimicrobial resistance profiles. Thirty-four serovar Infantis strains were resistant to at least two antibiotic classes, and all 35 strains were susceptible to fluoroquinolones, cephamycin, and carbapenem. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) screening by double-disk diffusion indicated that 32 serovar Infantis strains (91.4%) produced beta-lactamases that were inhibited by clavulanic acid. Antimicrobial resistance gene profiles were determined by PCR for a subset of 11 multidrug-resistant serovar Infantis strains, and putative ESBLs were detected by isoelectric focusing. Ten serovar Infantis strains carried bla(TEM), catI, ant(3")Ia and/or ant(3")Ib, sulI and/or sulII, and tet(D) genes as well as an integron-associated aac(6')-Iq cassette. Eight strains possessed at least four different beta-lactamases with pI profiles that confirmed the presence of both ESBLs and non-ESBLs. Our PFGE profiles indicated that 33 serovar Infantis strains isolated from Rio de Janeiro hospitals came from the same genetic lineage.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla/genética , Gastroenterite/microbiologia , Infecções por Salmonella/microbiologia , Salmonella enterica/efeitos dos fármacos , Salmonella enterica/genética , Brasil , Ácido Clavulânico/farmacologia , Análise por Conglomerados , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Eletroforese em Gel de Campo Pulsado , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Genes Bacterianos , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Pacientes Internados , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Epidemiologia Molecular , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , Salmonella enterica/classificação , Salmonella enterica/isolamento & purificação , Inibidores de beta-Lactamases , beta-Lactamases/análiseRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Here we evaluate auto-antibody response against two potential antigenic determinants of genes highly expressed in low Gleason Score prostate cancer (PC) tumor samples, namely FLJ23438 and VAMP3. METHODS: RT-PCR assays were used to analyze mRNA expression profiles of FLJ23438 and VAMP3 transcripts. The auto-antibody response against FLJ23438 and VAMP3 recombinant proteins was tested by immunoblot assays using PC, benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), healthy donors (HD), and other human cancers plasma samples. RESULTS: Our data showed that 37% (10/27) and 7.4% (2/27) of PC plasma samples presented auto-antibodies against FLJ23438 and VAMP3, respectively. Only 8.3% (1/12) of BPH plasma samples were reactive for both auto-antibodies, while none (0/12) of HD plasma samples tested were reactive. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of 37% of positive PC plasma samples for anti-FLJ23438 antibodies suggests that humoral immune response against this antigenic determinant could be a potential serum marker for this cancer.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/imunologia , Autoanticorpos/sangue , Biomarcadores Tumorais/imunologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/imunologia , Proteína 3 Associada à Membrana da Vesícula/imunologia , Adenocarcinoma/epidemiologia , Adenocarcinoma/fisiopatologia , Idoso , Antígenos/genética , Antígenos/imunologia , Biomarcadores Tumorais/sangue , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Neoplasias da Mama , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Neoplasias Colorretais , Neoplasias Esofágicas , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fases de Leitura Aberta/genética , Hiperplasia Prostática/epidemiologia , Hiperplasia Prostática/imunologia , Hiperplasia Prostática/fisiopatologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/epidemiologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/fisiopatologia , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Nuclear Pequeno/genética , RNA Nuclear Pequeno/imunologia , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/imunologia , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Proteína 3 Associada à Membrana da Vesícula/genéticaRESUMO
Biological treatments of cassava meal processing wastewaters were investigated by aerobic and combined anaerobic/aerobic reactors. As a pretreatment, flocculation and sedimentation with aluminum salts and natural polyelectrolytes were employed, in order to change the effluent concentration of organics from 14,000 to 2000 mg/L in the bench scale reactor, with a hydraulic retention time of 37 min and an influent rate of 0.56 L/cm. Biological degradation by an activated sludge process was carried out using a reactor volume of 20 L. The observed organic matter removal rates were 89 to 93%, the cyanide removal was 95 to 99%, and the food to microorganisms ratio was found to be in the range of 0.166 to 0.242/day, with a hydraulic residence time of 1.4 to 4.2 days. As a posttreatment, flocculation and coagulation were employed, resulting in an effluent of good quality, as shown by turbidity measurements and negative tests for fecal and total coliforms.
Assuntos
Bactérias Anaeróbias/fisiologia , Manihot , Esgotos/microbiologia , Eliminação de Resíduos Líquidos/métodos , Biodegradação Ambiental , Poluição Ambiental/prevenção & controle , Compostos Orgânicos/metabolismo , Cianeto de Potássio/metabolismoRESUMO
The plant cystatins or phytocystatins (PhyCys) are cysteine proteinase inhibitors containing the QxVxG motif and have been placed in the cystatin superfamily of proteins. The primary sequences of PhyCys have a high degree of homology with the members of the cystatin family, but they resemble stefins by the absence of disulfide bonds and cysteine residues. A multialignment and a phylogenetic analysis of 63 cystatins, 32 of which are PhyCys, demonstrate that all PhyCys cluster in a major evolutionary tree branch and support the classification of PhyCys as a new cystatin family. The PhyCys also possess a specific consensus sequence [LVI]-[AGT]-[RKE]-[FY]-[AS]-[VI]-x-[EDQV]-[HYFQ] -N placed on the region corresponding to a predictable amino-terminal alpha-helix. This sequence can be used to specifically identify PhyCys on protein data banks and to differentiate them from the other members of the superfamily.