Thiamine Deficiency in Adolescents with Eating Disorders: A Prospective Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: Pediatric eating disorders (PED) patients are prone to nutritional deficiencies. Thiamine deficiency is well described in other malnutrition states but is not routinely screened for in PED. In the current study we evaluated the prevalence of thiamine deficiency among PED patients on their first admission to an outpatient day hospital for eating disorders (DH). METHODS: In this prospective cohort study, we measured whole blood thiamine pyrophosphate concentrations (TPP) in addition to a routine laboratory workup in 69 girls on their first admission to DH. Two subgroup analyses were performed: (I) Patients with a previous dietary intervention ("diet" group, n = 30) or naïve-to-treatment patients ("naïve" group, n = 39) and (II) Type of PED: Restrictive (group R, n = 44) or binge-eating/purging (group BP, n = 25). RESULTS: Thiamine deficiency was identified in four girls (6%), all in the "naïve" group. Three of them had BP, and one had R. Patients in the "diet" group had a significantly higher TPP compared to the "naïve" group (55.5 µg/L vs. 46.7 µg/L, p = 0.004). TPP levels returned to normal after two weeks of the treatment program in all deficient patients. CONCLUSION: Thiamine deficiency was uncommon among PED patients and was easily replenished. Screening for deficiency should be performed among treatment-naïve patients. Keynotes: Whole blood thiamine pyrophosphate concentrations (TPP) are seldom screened for among PED patients. In the current study, we detected thiamine deficiency in only 6% of patients on their first admission to an outpatient day hospital for eating disorders. All deficient patients did not have a recent dietary intervention. We recommend considering screening for thiamine deficiency in treatment-naïve PED patients.

Sibutramine as an adjuvant therapy in adolescents suffering from morbid obesity.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of morbid obesity is increasing rapidly. Weight reduction is very difficult using diet restriction and physical activity alone. Sibutramine has been shown to be effective and safe as an adjuvant therapy to diet restrictions. OBJECTIVES: To describe our experience using sibutramine in weight reduction treatment of adolescents suffering from morbid obesity. METHODS: The study group comprised 20 young persons (13 females, mean age 15 years 4 months, range 13-18 years) with morbid obesity (body mass index above the 95th percentile for age and/or > or =30 kg/m2) who were treated with sibutramine 10 mg once a day for 1 year. RESULTS: Mean BMI was 40 +/- 5.6 kg/m2 (range 30.1 - 49.5 kg/m2) at the beginning of treatment. Most patients showed an early weight reduction to mean BMI 39.3 +/- 4.9 and 35.9 +/- 5.7 at 3 and 6 months respectively, but stopped losing weight over the next 6 months. During the follow-up period 17 patients discontinued the treatment. The main reason for dropout was the slow rate of weight reduction after 6 months. Patients suffering from concomitant disorders (severe asthma, hypertension, sleep obstructive apnea) showed improvement after weight reduction. Adverse reactions from the treatment were transient, mild and well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: Sibutramine may help in achieving weight reduction for a short period and in improving concomitant health problems, however its long-term effect is limited.

Congenital hypothyroidism with Prader-Willi syndrome.

We report a 1 year-old female patient with severe hypotonia who has congenital hypothyroidism and Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). At birth she was found to have congenital hypothyroidism caused by an ectopic sublingual thyroid gland and was commenced on thyroid replacement therapy. She continued to have severe motor delay and therefore further diagnostic evaluation was performed. PWS was confirmed by DNA and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. This report emphasizes the need to further investigate patients who are found to have congenital hypothyroidism and do not improve adequately on treatment.

Comparison of fast versus slow rewarming following acute moderate hypothermia in rats.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare the biochemical and physiological responses of fast vs. slow rewarming from moderate hypothermia in anaesthetized rats. METHODS: Anaesthetized rats were surface cooled to 28 degrees C, for 20 min, then rewarmed either quickly over 30 min or slowly over 120 min with monitoring of vital signs, systemic vascular resistance (SVR), cardiac output, biochemical changes and activity for 31 days. RESULTS: At hypothermia, cardiac output decreased to 77 +/- 38 ml x min(-1) and lactate increased to 4.62 +/- 4.73 mmol x l(-)1. Fast rewarming caused an abrupt increase in cardiac output (270 +/- 24 ml x min(-1)) and a sharp drop in SVR (325.6 +/- 23.3 dyne x s(-1) x cm(-5)), compared with a smoother course with cardiac output (142 +/- 18 ml x min(-1), P < 0.01) and SVR (662.8 +/- 41.0 dyne x s(-1) x cm(-5), P < 0.01), measured during slow rewarming. Lactate failed to return to normal values (upon returning to normothermia) (2.5 +/- 0.75 mmol x l(-1)) only in the fast rewarming group. In both groups, activity in the open field was not different from control rats. CONCLUSIONS: In rats, moderate hypothermia for 20 min does not appear to cause lasting biochemical or behavioural consequences, whether rewarming lasted over 30 or 120 min. However, there was a greater early change in cardiac output and heart rate, due to systemic vasodilatation in the fast rewarming animals. These acute changes may have consequences in patients with compromised cardiovascular reserves.