Virgibacillus phasianinus sp. nov., a halophilic bacterium isolated from faeces of a Swinhoe's pheasant, Lophura swinhoii.

A rod-shaped, Gram-stain-positive, motile and aerobic bacterium, designated LM2416T, was isolated from faeces of Lophuras winhoii living in Seoul Grand Park, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain LM2416T belonged to the genus Virgibacillus, sharing high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Virgibacillus necropolis LMG 19488T (99.0 %), Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964T (98.4 %), Virgibacillus arcticus Hal 1T (98.3 %) and Virgibacillus flavescens S1-20T (97.9 %). The isolate grew at 10-30 °C, pH 6-7 and 0-20 % (w/v) NaCl. Optimal growth was observed at 30 °C, pH 6-7 and 10 % (w/v) NaCl. The major fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0. Polar lipids were composed of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, three unknown phospholipids and two unknown aminophospholipids. The main menaquinone was MK-7. Strain LM2416T had alanine, lysine, glutamic acid, glycine and aspartic acid as cell-wall amino acids and ribose as a cell-wall sugar. The whole genome sequences of strain LM2416T and V. necropolis KCTC 3820T were sequenced by PacBio RS II sequencing. The genome sequence-based G+C content of strain LM2416T was 39.5 mol%. The orthologous average nucleotide identity value, showing genetic relatedness between strain LM2416T and V. necropolis KCTC 3820T, was 78.3 %. Based on the phylogenetic, biochemical, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data presented in this study, strain LM2416T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Virgibacillus, for which the name Virgibacillus phasianinus is proposed. The type strain is LM2416T (=KCTC 33927T=JCM 32144T).

Flexivirga lutea sp. nov., isolated from the faeces of a crested ibis, Nipponia nippon, and emended description of the genus Flexivirga.

A novel Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, non-motile and coccus-shaped bacterium, designated strain TBS-100T, was isolated from the faeces of a crested ibis, Nipponia nippon. The phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the closest relative of TBS-100T was Flexivirga alba DSM 24460T with 97.11 % sequence similarity, and that strain TBS-100T belonged to the genus Flexivirga. The optimum growth conditions for strain TBS-100T were 30 °C, at a pH of 7 and in the presence of 0 % (w/v) NaCl. The primary cellular fatty acids of strain TBS-100T were anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0. The predominant isoprenoid quinones were MK-8 (H4) (70.2 %) and MK-8 (H6) (29.7 %). The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, seven unidentified lipids and an unidentified phospholipid. The whole-cell sugars of strain TBS-100T were ribose, glucose, galactose, rhamnose and mannose. The peptidoglycan contained alanine, lysine, glutamic acid, glycine and aspartic acid. The DNA G+C content was 64.8 mol%. The phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic analyses indicated that strain TBS-100T represents a novel species of the genus Flexivirga for which the name Flexivirga lutea sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TBS-100T (=KCTC 39625T=JCM 31200T). In addition, an emended description of the genus Flexivirga is proposed.