Spectroscopic changes associated with mild cognitive impairment and dementia in Parkinson's disease.

Frontal subcortical cognitive defects are predominant in Parkinson's disease (PD). Temporal lobe dysfunction seems more relevant for progression to dementia. We aimed to study the relative importance of temporal lobe defects versus executive impairment in the progression to dementia in PD by using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS). The (1)H-MRS features of PD patients with intact cognition (PD-CgInt; n = 16), mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 15) and dementia (PDD; n = 15) were compared, to delineate the metabolic alterations correlating with cognitive status. Metabolite concentrations were acquired from voxels localized to the hippocampus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DL-PFC). Cognitive status was established following the Movement Disorder Society PDD criteria, administering the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale and Mattis Dementia Rating Scale. The Parkinson's Disease Cognitive Rating Scale (PD-CRS) was used to correlate (1)H-MRS with neuropsychology. N-acetylaspartate (NAA) concentrations in the right DL-PFC were decreased in PD-MCI compared with PD-CgInt patients (p = 0.002), and correlated with frontal subcortical tasks. Decreased NAA concentrations in the left hippocampus in PDD compared to PD-MCI (p = 0.03) correlated with confrontation naming. The present findings support that executive impairment is related to dorsolateral prefrontal dysfunction from the early stages, while progression to dementia is linked to the additional impairment of temporal lobe structures. The PD-CRS was able to capture the differential impairment of prefrontal versus temporal cortical areas.

Intracoronary injection of haematopoietic precursor cells regenerates the borders, but not the core, of old myocardial scars.

AIMS: Cell therapy regenerative potential is hindered by cell access to the infarct zone. We studied function recovery at the scar zone and its impact in global left ventricular function after intracoronary injection of haematopoietic precursor cells. METHODS AND RESULTS: Haematopoietic precursor cells were obtained by blood apheresis in patients with an old myocardial infarction, and the presence of CD34+ and CD133+ cells was quantified. Left ventricular function, volumes, and infarct zone segmental motion were measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and echo left ventricular segmental strain (LVSS). The aphaeresis product was administered to 20 patients in the coronary artery responsible for the myocardial infarction. High cell yield in blood aphaeresis product allowed us to inject a high number of cells in most patients. Three patients were excluded because of insufficient CD133+ cell number, and one more patient was excluded because of artefacts in MRI images. The remaining 16 patients were compared with 16 controls. After 1 year, infarct zone reduction was related to the number of CD133+ (R = 0.53; P %3C 0.05) and CD34+ (R = 0.63; P %3C 0.01) cells injected. The number of CD133+ cells injected was also related to an improvement in LVSS (R = 0.62; P %3C 0.01). In turn, scar zone reduction was related to an improvement in LVSS (R = 0.64; P %3C 0.01). End-diastolic volume showed a reduction at follow-up in the treated group when compared with control patients. MRI infarct area segments systolic thickness increase improved after treatment in treated patients [expressed as median (interquartile range)] [0.42 (-0.38 to 1.14) vs. 1.06 (-0.10 to 2.12) mm; P %3C 0.01], but not in controls [2.02 (0.75 to 3.4) vs. 1.91 (0.77-3.17) mm; P = not significant (n.s.)]. In cell therapy patients, the borders of the infarct zone, but not the core, showed a significant recovery [proximal rim: 0.48 (-0.18 to 1.33) vs. 1.07 (0.22-2.40) mm; P %3C 0.05, distal rim: 0.75 (0.26-1.40) vs. 1.76 (0.65-2.86) mm; P %3C 0.05, and core: 0.36 (-0.33 to 1.20) vs. 0.60 (-0.18 to 1.62) mm; P = n.s.]. That improvement was not observed in the control group [proximal rim: 1.20 (0.33-2.53) vs. 0.82 (-0.13 to 1.65) mm; P = n.s., distal rim: 1.24 (0.80-1.72) vs. 0.96 (0.19-1.81) mm; P = n.s., and core: 0.30 (-0.42 to 1.64) vs. 0.07 (-0.60 to 1.20) mm; P = n.s.]. Only small size infarcts showed a complete recovery in the cell therapy patients [systolic thickness increase post-treatment increment in infarcts ≤6 segments vs. >6 segments affected: 0.28 (-0.19 to 0.71) vs. -1.21 (-2.60 to -0.53) mm; P %3C 0.01]. CONCLUSIONS: Intracoronary injection of peripheral blood-derived haematopoietic precursor cells produces a complete recovery of the borders and partial regeneration of the infarct core, which is directly related to the number of CD133+ and CD34+ cells injected. Cell therapy infarct zone regeneration prevents ventricular remodelling by preserving segmental contractility and halting left ventricular dilatation.

[Retroperitoneal paraganglioma]. / Paraganglioma retroperitoneal.

OBJECTIVES: To report the radiological findings of retroperitoneal paragangliomas. METHODS: A patient who presents with colic pain and undergoes intravenous urography and CT scan. RESULTS: KUB x-ray revealed an increase of radiodensity on the left flank. The urography showed a partially obstructive urinary lithiasis in the proximal third of the left ureter with a mass effect laterally displacing pelvis and ureter. The study was completed with an i.v. contrast abdominal CT scan which showed a left para-aortic solid mass under the kidney with heterogeneous contrast uptake. CONCLUSIONS: The correlation of symptoms and catecholamine levels is the best way to guide the etiological diagnosis after CT scan.

Diagnostic value of hysterosalpingography in the detection of intrauterine abnormalities: a comparison with hysteroscopy.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of hysterosalpingography (HSG) in comparison with hysteroscopy in the detection of intrauterine abnormality in infertile patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-eight patients being investigated for infertility and undergoing HSG and hysteroscopy were studied retrospectively. Radiologic findings on HSG, including single or multiple filling defects and uterine wall irregularities, were evaluated and compared with hysteroscopic findings, which were considered the reference standard. RESULTS: HSG showed a sensitivity of 81.2% compared with that of hysteroscopy and a specificity of 80.4%, with a positive predictive value of 63.4% and a negative predictive value of 83.7%. HSG also had a false-negative rate of 90% and a false-positive rate of 21.8%. Overall agreement between the two procedures was 73%. CONCLUSION: HSG is still a useful screening test for the evaluation of the uterine cavity in the study of primary or secondary infertility. In addition, HSG provides information concerning the assessment of tubal morphology and patency. We believe that these two procedures are complementary in the evaluation of the uterine cavity.