Preoperative Anatomic Evaluation of the Relationship Between Inferior Alveolar Nerve Canal and Impacted Mandibular Third Molar in a Population of Bhubaneswar, Odisha, Using CBCT: A Hospital-Based Study.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the correlation between the position of inferior alveolar nerve canal and the angulation of impacted mandibular third molars using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in a hospital-based study in the state of Odisha, India. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY: Three hundred cases of impacted third molars in 200 patients (154 males; 46 females) were included in the study, for whom an initial periapical or panoramic radiograph had revealed that the mandibular canal and the lower third molars were in close proximity. A CBCT scan of each patient was carried out to assess how the canal position influenced the class and position of impaction, angulation of impaction and bone contact. RESULTS: Class II position B impactions were found in 78.37% cases where the position of ID canal was approximate to the lingual plate and inferior to third molar (73.75%). The results were statistically significant (p = 0.00). 80% of the ID canals showed bone contact. Of these 73.75% ID canals showed lingual bone contact. Mesioangular impactions were most common in mandible and significantly associated with lingual and inferior positioning of the canal. CONCLUSIONS: The study mostly exhibited patients having mesioangular class II position B third molar impactions of the mandible. The position of the canal has a significant influence on the type of impaction and the bone contact.

Prevalence of oral lesions in tuberculosis: A cross sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: Tuberculosis (Tb) is a fatal infectious disease that primarily affects the pulmonary system and rarely occurs in other body organs including oral cavity. The aim of this study was to report all patients with primary manifestations of oral tuberculosis and to evaluate the clinical characteristics of oral tuberculosis lesions. All these patients were subsequently diagnosed with tuberculosis based on oral histological findings and referred for management and therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve patients with oral lesions from the year 2010 to 2018 were histologically diagnosed as having tuberculosis, who did not give any history of the disease, following surgical biopsy. Clinical symptoms, auxiliary examinations, treatments, and outcomes were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: Oral TB was found in all 12 patients; 8 males and 4 females, with male to female ratio 8:4. Involved oral sites included the angle of the mandible (one case), right mandibular molar region (two cases), left mandibular molar region (four cases), gingiva (three cases), buccal mucosa (one case), and the tongue (one case). Oral TB patients in this series ranged in the age group of 6-65 years. All the lesions were suggestive of primary tuberculosis. The appearance of the affected mucosa in oral TB was variable. The most common manifestation was ulceration and swelling of the mucosa. CONCLUSION: TB should be considered in patients with oral ulcerations and swellings. A biopsy specimen for histological study, acid-fast stains, and cultures should be obtained for confirmation and differential diagnosis along with other conditions.

Assessment of the Anterior Loop of the Mandibular Canal Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography in Eastern India: A Record-Based Study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the presence and course of the anterior loop (AL) in an Odisha sample population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to accurately identify and analyze the length, height, and diameter of AL in male and females. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CBCT images from 1000 patients obtained for various clinical indications were randomly selected and evaluated to determine the presence, length, height, and diameter of the AL. The various parameters were then compared based on gender, age, and the side of the mandible. The data were analyzed using the Chi-square test, independent t-test, multiple post hoc procedure, and one-way ANOVA test. RESULTS: An AL was identified in 9.7% of the cases, and its mean length ranged from 1.8 to 4.8 mm. The loop had a greater mean length and was significantly more prevalent in males. The diameter ranged from 1 to 4 mm and height ranged from 7.8 to 15.1 mm. The AL was most commonly found in the middle-aged patients (39-48 years) which attributed to around 27.83%. CONCLUSION: In this study, a lower prevalence of the AL of the mandibular canal was found. Being an anatomical variation, an exact evaluation of the AL must be established using the imaging techniques prior to any surgical procedure.

Oral Submucous Fibrosis: Correlation of Clinical Grading to Various Habit Factors.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to correlate the clinical grading of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) with various habit factors and to observe the habit factors associated with the severity of OSMF. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was carried out in the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. Two hundred patients clinically diagnosed with OSMF were included in the study. The observations were tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis using chi-square test and Spearman's rank correlation test. RESULTS: A total of 200 subjects participated in the study of which 182 were males and 18 were females. Forty-eight males and nine females had Grade I OSMF. One hundred nineteen males and eight females had Grade II OSMF. Fifteen males and only one female had Grade III OSMF. On the basis of functional staging, the total participants in stage I, stage II, and stage III were 185, 14, and 1, respectively. The participants having Grade I, Grade II, and Grade III OSMF with functional staging I were 57, 122, and 6, respectively. The participants having Grade II and Grade III OSMF with functional staging II were 5 and 9, respectively. CONCLUSION: It is alarming that nearly half of the total subjects were in the younger age group and were having OSMF. Also, as the age increased, the subjects were found to be more attracted to consuming areca nut derivatives in the form of betel quid with or without tobacco. It is recommended that community-oriented outreach programs on oral health awareness be developed, emphasizing children who represent the upcoming future, to avoid/quit areca nut and its derivatives.

Angiosarcoma of mandible: An uncommon clinical entity.

Angiosarcoma is a malignant neoplasm of endothelial cells of blood vessels, representing 2% of all sarcomas. The occurrence of angiosarcoma in the oral cavity is a rare. In general management includes resection and wide-field postoperative radiation therapy. The risk of local-regional failure and distant relapse is still a cause of worry. Herewith, a case of angiosarcoma of mandible in a female patient is presented, who presented with small, innocent-looking mass, which became a highly destructive malignant tumor within few days.

Awareness of hepatitis B infection among healthcare students in a private medical college in Odisha.

BACKGROUND: The emergence of the blood-borne pathogens and the increasing number of infected patients and the increasing interest in dental health care compel the dental professionals to have thorough knowledge about communicable diseases and the MBBS and nursing students are always at risk because of their profession. As hepatitis B infection is a major health hazard throughout the world, healthcare students should have through knowledge about this disease. Setia et al. had conducted a similar kind of study in Punjab in which the sample size was smaller and it included only the interns, whereas the present study was conducted to assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and behavior about hepatitis B infection among healthcare students of all academic years because they are indulged in clinical work since third year of their curriculum. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted of all the students starting from 1(st) year to final year and the interns of MBBS, BDS, and nursing at KIIT University. The questions were obtained from a study performed in Turkey in 2010 and were modified by an infection control expert. Questions in multiple choice format were in English and it was a self-administered questionnaire consisting of three parts (knowledge, attitude, behavior). Then, ethical clearance for the study was obtained from the institutional ethical committee, KIMS. Subsequently, the students were well informed and explained about the study. Students who voluntarily wanted to participate were included in the study. Questionnaire containing 20 questions to assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and behavior about hepatitis B was distributed among the students. Data were compiled and statistical analysis was done. RESULTS: The response rate was 83% (N = 332). In our study, majority (96.99%) were aware of transmission of HBV infection by blood, body fluid, and secretion. The level of knowledge was higher in MBBS students than BDS and nursing students (MBBS > BDS > nursing). Attitude toward the disease was higher in MBBS students than BDS and nursing students (MBBS > BDS > nursing), whereas behavior was higher in BDS students than MBBS and nursing students (BDS > MBBS > nursing). CONCLUSION: In our study, overall knowledge and attitude toward hepatitis B infection were higher in MBBS students than in dental and nursing students, whereas behavior of dental students toward the disease was quite satisfactory than MBBS and nursing students.

Evaluation of ponticulus posticus on digital lateral cephalograms and cone beam computed tomography in patients with migraine and healthy individuals: a comparative study.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of ponticulus posticus (PP) in patients with migraine. STUDY DESIGN: The presence and types of PP were investigated in 100 patients with migraine and 100 healthy controls on digital lateral cephalograms and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. RESULTS: PP was found in 42% of the patients with migraine and in 19% of the healthy controls on digital lateral cephalograms. CBCT scan found PP in 40 patients with migraine and in 18 healthy controls. The agreement between the occurrence of PP seen on digital lateral cephalograms and that seen on CBCT images was "very good" (κ = 0.92). CONCLUSIONS: Significant association was found between PP and migraine. PP is easily visible on lateral cephalograms. For a more accurate diagnosis, CBCT is required. Therefore, radiographic detection of PP must be considered an important task, because this anomaly may be a key indicator of an underlying disease process.

Peripheral Cemento-Ossifying Fibroma withUncommon Clinical Presentation: A Case Report / Fibroma periférico cemento-ossificante con una presentación clínica poco común: Reporte de caso

Abstract Peripheral cemento-ossifying fibroma (PCOF) is a reactive gingival over growth, occurring frequently in the maxillary anterior region of teenage and young females. Peripheral cemento-ossifying fibroma (PCOF) is supposed to be originating from periosteum and/or periodontal ligament. A large number of factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of PCOF, which includes trauma, local irritation, calculus and hormonal disturbances. The definitive diagnosis of PCOF is based upon its clinical, radiological and histological features. Because of the high recurrence rate (8-20%) of PCOF, a close post-operative follow-up is required. Herewith, we are presenting a case of PCOF in 24-year old female patient at an uncommon location.

Resumen El fibroma cemento-osificante periférico (PCOF, por sus siglas en inglés) es un crecimiento gingival reactivo, que se produce con frecuencia en la región anterior del maxilar en adolescentes y mujeres jóvenes. Se supone que el fibroma cemento-osificante periférico (PCOF) se origina en el periostio y/o el ligamento periodontal. Una gran cantidad de factores han sido implicados en la patogénesis de PCOF, dentro de las que se incluye trauma, irritación local, cálculo y alteraciones hormonales. El diagnóstico definitivo de PCOF se basa en sus características clínicas, radiológicas e histológicas. Debido a la alta tasa de recurrencia (8-20%) , se requiere un seguimiento post-operatorio estricto. Mediante este artículo presentamos un caso de PCOF en una paciente de 24 años de edad y el manejo teraupético.

Oral Health of Pre-School Aged Children in Dhanbad District, Jharkhand, India- A Peek into their Mother's Attitude.

INTRODUCTION: Mothers are directly responsible for the dental health of their children and play a major role in shaping the dental health behaviors of their children. They also play an important role in preventing oral diseases in them. OBJECTIVE: To assess the level of attitude of mothers in relation to their pre-school aged children, which in turn can influence the level of oral health. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 312 mothers, selected randomly from eight blocks of Dhanbad district, Jharkhand, India. They were administered with a structured questionnaire on attitude, by an interviewer. RESULTS: The overall data indicated that the attitude of mothers about oral health in their pre-school children increased as their age increased which was not statistically significant (p>.066). Mothers who had less than higher secondary school education and belonged to socio-economically lower groups had poor knowledge of oral health which was statistically significant (p<.001). CONCLUSION: Mothers should be motivated so that their attitude about their child's oral health is enhanced which in turn would improve their oral health related quality of life.

Emerging trends of herbal care in dentistry.

Herbs are staging a comeback and herbal 'renaissance' is happening all over the globe. The herbal products, today, symbolize safety, in contrast to the synthetics that are regarded as unsafe to humans and the environment. A herb, botanically speaking, is any plant that lacks the woody tissue which is characteristic of shrubs or trees. More specifically, herbs are plants which are used medicinally or for their flavour or scent. Herbs with medicinal properties are a useful and an effective source of treatment for various disease processes. Herbal extracts have been successfully used in dentistry as tooth cleaning and antimicrobial plaque agents. The use of herbal medicines continues to expand rapidly across the world. Many people take herbal medicines or herbal products now for their health care in different national healthcare settings. Herbal extracts have been used in dentistry for reducing inflammation, as antimicrobial plaque agents, for preventing release of histamine and as antiseptics, antioxidants, antimicrobials, antifungals, antibacterials, antivirals and analgesics. They also aid in healing and are effective in controlling microbial plaque in gingivitis and periodontitis, thereby improving immunity.