RESUMO
Einstein et al. (2021) uncover a novel role for the RNA-binding protein YTHDF2, one of the m6A reader proteins, in TNBC proliferation and survival. This study demonstrates the clinical potential of targeting a specific reader protein in the treatment of breast cancer.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Ligação a RNA , Proteínas de Ligação a RNA/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Chronicity and lack of motivation often go together during the upper limb rehabilitation process in stroke. Virtual reality is a useful tool in this context, providing safe, intensive, individualised treatments in a playful environment. B-cost, easy-to-use devices with personalised and motivating games for a specific population seem to be the most effective option in the treatment of the upper limbs. METHODS: A randomised clinical study with follow-up was carried out to assess the effectiveness of the Leap Motion Controller® device in improving the functionality of the upper limb in patients with chronic stroke. Patients (n = 36) were randomised into a control group that performed conventional therapy and an experimental group that combined the virtual reality protocol with conventional therapy. The outcome measures used were grip strength; the Block and Box Test; the Action Research Arm Test; the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand; as well as a Technology Satisfaction Questionnaire and adherence to treatment. RESULTS: Inter-group statistical analysis showed no significant differences except in subsection D of the Action Research Arm Test. Intra-group analysis showed significant differences in both groups, but the experimental group reached significance in all long-term variables. Satisfaction and adherence levels were very high. CONCLUSIONS: The Leap Motion Controller® system, as a complementary tool, produces improvements in grip strength, dexterity and motor function in patients with chronic stroke. It is perceived as a safe, motivating, and easy-to-use device. CLINICAL REGISTRATION: NCT04166617 Clinical Trials.
Assuntos
Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Realidade Virtual , Humanos , Extremidade Superior , Mãos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/terapia , Força da MãoRESUMO
(1) Background: Leg length discrepancy (LLD), regardless of its origin, is a very common pathology that can contribute to low back pain. Various authors have pointed out its relationship with the lack of activation of both the gluteus medius (GM) and the ipsilateral erector spinae (ES). The purpose of this study was to identify the activation of the ES and GM with different simulated LLDs, correlating this activation with LBP. In turn, we evaluated whether ES and GM activity has an effect on jumping ability using a CMJ test. (2) Method: A sample of healthy subjects was selected to whom an artificial LLD was applied using 0.5, 1, and 1.5 cm insoles. These three heights were measured using EMG while the subjects walked and performed a counter movement jump (CMJ). The measurements of the insole heights were carried out in random order using a Latin square. Muscle activation patterns were recorded for 30 s at each of the insole heights while the patients walked at 5.7 km/h and they were compared with the maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), both on the ipsilateral and contralateral sides. These muscles were then measured under the same circumstances during the performance of the CMJ. (3) Results: We found statistically significant differences in the flight heights in both the CMJ and DJ. In the comparison, significant differences were found in the flight heights of the CMJ and the DJ using the 5 mm insoles, and in the case of the DJ, also without insoles, with respect to the MVC. We found statistically significant differences in the activation of the GM with the differences in insoles, but not in the activation of the Es in relation to the different insole heights. (4) Conclusions: Insoles of different heights caused activation differences in the medius on the side where the insoles were placed. We can relate this difference in activation to LBP. In relation to the ES, no significant differences were found in the activation of the ipsilateral side of the insole.
Assuntos
Ataxia Cerebelar , Humanos , Eletromiografia , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia , Coxa da Perna , NádegasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Stroke is a leading cause of disability, especially due to an increased fall risk and postural instability. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of motor impairment in the hemiparetic UE on static balance in standing, in subject with chronic stroke. METHODS: Seventy adults with chronic stroke, capable of independent standing and walking, participated in this cross-sectional study. The exclusion criteria included vestibular, cerebellar, or posterior cord lesions. The participants were classified based on their UE impairment using the Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Motor Recovery after Stroke (FMA-UE). A posturographic evaluation (mCTSIB) was performed in the standing position to analyze the center of pressure (COP) displacement in the mediolateral (ML) and anteroposterior (AP) axes and its mean speed with eyes open (OE) and closed (EC) on stable and unstable surfaces. RESULTS: A strong and significant correlation (r = -0.53; p < 0.001) was observed between the mediolateral (ML) center of pressure (COP) oscillation and the FMA-UE, which was particularly strong with eyes closed [r(EO) = 0.5; r(EC) = 0.54]. The results of the multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the ML oscillation is influenced significantly by the FMA-Motor, and specifically by the sections on UE, wrist, coordination/speed, and sensation. CONCLUSIONS: The hemiparetic UE motor capacity is strongly related to the ML COP oscillation during standing in individuals with chronic stroke, with a lower motor capacity associated with a greater instability. Understanding these relationships underpins the interventions to improve balance and reduce falls in people who have had a stroke.
Assuntos
Equilíbrio Postural , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Extremidade Superior , Humanos , Equilíbrio Postural/fisiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Transversais , Idoso , Extremidade Superior/fisiopatologia , Doença Crônica , Adulto , Reabilitação do Acidente Vascular Cerebral/métodosRESUMO
In tumourigenesis, oncogenes or dysregulated tumour suppressor genes alter the canonical translation machinery leading to a reprogramming of the translatome that, in turn, promotes the translation of selected mRNAs encoding proteins involved in proliferation and metastasis. It is therefore unsurprising that abnormal expression levels and activities of eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs), elongation factors (eEFs) or termination factors (eRFs) are associated with poor outcome for patients with a wide range of cancers. In this review we discuss how RNA binding proteins (RBPs) within the canonical translation factor machinery are dysregulated in cancers and how targeting such proteins is leading to new therapeutic avenues.
Assuntos
Neoplasias , Biossíntese de Proteínas , Humanos , Eucariotos/genética , Eucariotos/metabolismo , Carcinogênese/genética , Fatores de Iniciação em Eucariotos/genética , Fatores de Iniciação em Eucariotos/metabolismo , Neoplasias/genética , Neoplasias/patologia , Transformação Celular Neoplásica/genéticaRESUMO
Translational control is essential in response to stress. We investigated the translational programmes launched by the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe upon five environmental stresses. We also explored the contribution of defence pathways to these programmes: The Integrated Stress Response (ISR), which regulates translation initiation, and the stress-response MAPK pathway. We performed ribosome profiling of cells subjected to each stress, in wild type cells and in cells with the defence pathways inactivated. The transcription factor Fil1, a functional homologue of the yeast Gcn4 and the mammalian Atf4 proteins, was translationally upregulated and required for the response to most stresses. Moreover, many mRNAs encoding proteins required for ribosome biogenesis were translationally downregulated. Thus, several stresses trigger a universal translational response, including reduced ribosome production and a Fil1-mediated transcriptional programme. Surprisingly, ribosomes stalled on tryptophan codons upon oxidative stress, likely due to a decrease in charged tRNA-Tryptophan. Stalling caused ribosome accumulation upstream of tryptophan codons (ribosome queuing/collisions), demonstrating that stalled ribosomes affect translation elongation by other ribosomes. Consistently, tryptophan codon stalling led to reduced translation elongation and contributed to the ISR-mediated inhibition of initiation. We show that different stresses elicit common and specific translational responses, revealing a novel role in Tryptophan-tRNA availability.
Assuntos
Códon , Estresse Oxidativo/genética , Elongação Traducional da Cadeia Peptídica , RNA de Transferência de Triptofano/genética , Ribossomos/metabolismo , Schizosaccharomyces/genética , Triptofano/genética , Compostos de Cádmio/farmacologia , Fator de Iniciação 2 em Eucariotos/genética , Proteínas Fúngicas/biossíntese , Proteínas Fúngicas/genética , Temperatura Alta , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/farmacologia , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases , Metanossulfonato de Metila/farmacologia , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por Mitógeno/deficiência , Pressão Osmótica , RNA Fúngico/genética , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Schizosaccharomyces/efeitos dos fármacos , Schizosaccharomyces/metabolismo , Proteínas de Schizosaccharomyces pombe/genética , Proteínas de Schizosaccharomyces pombe/metabolismo , Sorbitol/farmacologia , Sulfatos/farmacologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Upper limb impairment is the most common motor impairment in stroke survivors. The use of new technologies in the field of rehabilitation aims to reduce the impact of functional problems. Our objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of using the Leap Motion Controller® virtual reality system in the treatment of upper limb functionality in people with stroke. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PRISMA guidelines were used to carry out the systematic review. The literature search was restricted to articles written in English or Spanish published from 2012 to December 2020 in Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, PEDro and Science Direct. Of the 309 search results, 230 unique references were reviewed after duplicates were removed. The Downs and Black and CONSORT scales were applied to evaluate the methodological quality of the included papers and the degree of evidence and level of recommendation were determined through the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. RESULTS: Six papers with a total of 144 participants were included in this review, with heterogeneity of the sample, assessment measures, protocols, number of sessions and diversity of games applied. The main results of the studies show favourable data after using the Leap Motion Controller® system in the improvement of upper limb functionality in people with stroke. CONCLUSIONS: There is a growing trend in the use of the Leap Motion Controller® device as a tool in the treatment of the upper limb in people with stroke. Nevertheless, the limitations encountered suggest the need for future research protocols with greater scientific rigor.
Assuntos
Reabilitação do Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Extremidade Superior , Realidade Virtual , Humanos , Reabilitação do Acidente Vascular Cerebral/métodos , Extremidade Superior/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
In nature, cells and in particular unicellular microorganisms are exposed to a variety of nutritional environments. Fission yeast cells cultured in nitrogen-rich media grow fast, divide with a large size and show a short G1 and a long G2. However, when cultured in nitrogen-poor media, they exhibit reduced growth rate and cell size and a long G1 and a short G2. In this study, we compared the phenotypes of cells lacking the highly conserved cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor Rum1 and the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) activator Ste9 in nitrogen-rich and nitrogen-poor media. Rum1 and Ste9 are dispensable for cell division in nitrogen-rich medium. However, in nitrogen-poor medium they are essential for generating a proper wave of MluI cell-cycle box binding factor (MBF)-dependent transcription at the end of G1, which is crucial for promoting a successful S phase. Mutants lacking Rum1 and Ste9 showed premature entry into S phase and a reduced wave of MBF-dependent transcription, leading to replication stress, DNA damage and G2 cell cycle arrest. This work demonstrates how reprogramming the cell cycle by changing the nutritional environment may reveal new roles for cell cycle regulators.
Assuntos
Proteína Quinase CDC2/metabolismo , Reprogramação Celular/fisiologia , Proteínas Fúngicas/metabolismo , Schizosaccharomyces/metabolismo , Ciclo CelularRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Improving balance remains a challenge in stroke rehabilitation. The technological development has allowed the design of more accessible and user-friendly systems for assessing postural control. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this review was to analyze portable devices for the instrumental assessment of balance in patients with chronic stroke. METHODS: PRISMA guidelines were used to carry out the systematic review. The literature search was restricted to articles written in English or Spanish published from 2013 to December 2022 in Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, PEDro, and CINAHL. Of the 309 search results, 229 unique references were reviewed after duplicates were removed. The PEDro scale was applied to evaluate the methodological quality of the included papers, and the degree of evidence and level of recommendation were determined through the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. RESULTS: A total of seven articles reporting on five different balance testing devices were included in this systematic review; they regarded BIORescue, a smartphone application, and the Biodex-BioSway Balance System for the evaluation of standing balance, and SwayStar Balance and Xsens ForceShoes™ for the evaluation of dynamic balance during walking. CONCLUSIONS: The use of portable devices that assess balance in adult patients with chronic stroke is scarce.
Assuntos
Reabilitação do Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Adulto , Humanos , Modalidades de Fisioterapia , Equilíbrio Postural , Reabilitação do Acidente Vascular Cerebral/métodos , CaminhadaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The objective of the present study was to develop a virtual reality protocol based on activities of daily living and conventional rehabilitation, using Leap Motion Controller to improve motor function in upper extremity rehabilitation in stroke patients. At the same time, the purpose was to explore its efficacy in the recovery of upper extremity motor function in chronic stroke survivors, and to determine feasibility, satisfaction and attendance rate; Methods: A prospective pilot experimental clinical trial was conducted. The outcome measures used were the grip strength, the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), the Block and Box Test (BBT), the Short Form Health Survey-36 Questionnaire, a satisfaction questionnaire and attendance rate; Results: Our results showed statistically significant changes in the variables grip strength, BBT and ARAT as well as high levels of satisfaction and attendance; Conclusions: This virtual reality platform represents an effective tool in aspects of upper extremity functionality rehabilitation in patients with chronic stroke, demonstrating feasibility and high levels of attendance and satisfaction.
Assuntos
Reabilitação do Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Jogos de Vídeo , Realidade Virtual , Atividades Cotidianas , Estudos de Viabilidade , Humanos , Projetos Piloto , Estudos Prospectivos , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/terapia , Reabilitação do Acidente Vascular Cerebral/métodos , Extremidade SuperiorRESUMO
Proliferating cells adjust their cell size depending on the nutritional environment. Cells are large in rich media and small in poor media. This physiological response has been demonstrated in both unicellular and multicellular organisms. Here we show that the greatwall-endosulfine (Ppk18-Igo1 in fission yeast) pathway couples the nutritional environment to the cell-cycle machinery by regulating the activity of PP2A·B55. In the presence of nutrients, greatwall (Ppk18) protein kinase is inhibited by TORC1 and PP2A·B55 is active. High levels of PP2A·B55 prevent the activation of mitotic Cdk1·Cyclin B, and cells increase in size in G2 before they undergo mitosis. When nutrients are limiting, TORC1 activity falls off, and the activation of greatwall (Ppk18) leads to the phosphorylation of endosulfine (Igo1) and inhibition of PP2A·B55, which in turn allows full activation of Cdk1·CyclinB and entry into mitosis with a smaller cell size. Given the conservation of this pathway, it is reasonable to assume that this mechanism operates in higher eukaryotes, as well.
Assuntos
Ciclo Celular , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição , Schizosaccharomyces/fisiologia , Transdução de Sinais , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/metabolismo , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intercelular , Alvo Mecanístico do Complexo 1 de Rapamicina , Complexos Multiproteicos/metabolismo , Peptídeos/metabolismo , Proteínas de Schizosaccharomyces pombe/metabolismo , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of a multidimensional infection control approach and the use of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) Surveillance Online System on central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) rates from June 2003-April 2010. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, before-after surveillance study of 2,564 patients hospitalized in 4 adult intensive care units (ICUs) and 424 patients in 2 pediatric ICUs of 4 hospitals in 2 cities of Colombia. During baseline, we performed outcome surveillance of CLABSI applying the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Healthcare Safety Network definitions. During intervention, we implemented the INICC multidimensional approach and the ISOS, which included a bundle of infection prevention practice interventions, education, outcome surveillance, process surveillance, feedback on CLABSI rates and consequences, and performance feedback of process surveillance. Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed using a logistic regression model to estimate the effect of the intervention on the CLABSI rate. RESULTS: The baseline rate of 12.9 CLABSIs per 1,000 central line (CL) days, with 3,032 CL days and 39 CLABSIs, was reduced to 3.5 CLABSIs per 1,000 CL days, with 3,686 CL days and 13 CLABSIs, accounting for a 73% CLABSI rate reduction (relative risk, 0.27; 95% confidence interval, 0.14-0.52; P=.002). CONCLUSIONS: Implementing the INICC multidimensional infection control approach for CLABSI prevention was associated with a significant reduction in the CLABSI rate of ICUs of Colombia.
Assuntos
Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter/epidemiologia , Cateterismo Venoso Central/efeitos adversos , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Monitoramento Epidemiológico , Controle de Infecções/métodos , Sepse/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter/prevenção & controle , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Estudos Controlados Antes e Depois , Infecção Hospitalar/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Pesquisa sobre Serviços de Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Sepse/prevenção & controle , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Introducción. Uno de los objetivos principales de la neurorrehablitación en pacientes con ictus es el reentrenamiento del equilibrio. Se ha estudiado la influencia de la función motora del miembro superior en el control postural, pero desconocemos si la estimulación somatosensorial de la mano afecta puede influirlo. Objetivo. Estudiar si un protocolo de estimulación somatosensorial de la mano afecta, podía modificar, en pacientes con ictus crónico, la posición del centro de masa y su desplazamiento en bipedestación. Pacientes y métodos. 5 pacientes con ictus crónico con capacidad de bipedestación autónoma completaron este estudio piloto prospectivo y longitudinal, con valoración pretratamiento, post-primer tratamiento y post-intervención final. La intervención consistió en estimulación somatosensorial de la mano afecta, de 20 minutos de duración durante 5 días consecutivos. Se midieron Timed Up and GO Test (TUG), Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA), Limits Of Stability (LOS) y Modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction on Balance (mCTSIB). Resultados. Se observaron cambios estadísticamente significativos en TUG (p=0,043), en mCTSIB en los máximos desplazamientos del centro de presiones para la condición ojos abiertos (p=0,043) y en LOS para el tiempo de reacción en la diagonal posterior afecta(pê0,043), máximas excursiones en las diagonales anterior menos afecta, afecta y posterior afecta (p=0,043) y el control direccional en la anterior menos afecta y anterior afecta. Conclusiones. La estimulación somatosensensorial propuesta puede ser positiva para el reentrenamiento del equilibrio a la luz de los resultados obtenidos. Son necesarias investigaciones a este nivel a gran escala y a largo plazo con muestras más grandes.
Introduction. One of the main objectives of neurorehablitation in stroke patients is balance retraining. The influence of upper limb motor function on postural control has been studied, but we do not know whether somatosensory stimulation of the affected hand can influence it. Objective. To study whether a protocol of somatosensory stimulation of the affected hand could modify, in patients with chronic stroke, the position of the center of mass and its displacement in standing. Patients and methods. Five patients with chronic stroke who were able to stand independently completed this prospective and longitudinal pilot study, with pre-treatment, post-first treatment and final post-intervention assessment. The intervention consisted of somatosensory stimulation of the affected hand, lasting 20 minutes for 5 consecutive days. Timed Up and GO Test (TUG), Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA), Limits Of Stability (LOS) and Modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction on Balance (mCTSIB) were measured. Results. Statistically significant changes were observed in TUG (p=0.043), in mCTSIB for maximum center of pressures displacements for the eyes open condition (p=0.043) and in LOS for reaction time in the posterior diagonal affect(pê0.043), maximum excursions in the anterior least affect, affect and posterior affect diagonals (p=0.043) and directional control in the anterior least affect and anterior affect. Conclusions. The proposed somatosensory stimulation may be positive for balance retraining in light of the results obtained. Large-scale and long-term investigations at this level with larger samples are necessary.
Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Reabilitação do Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Guias como AssuntoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Medullary breast cancer is a rare type, considered of good prognosis. OBJECTIVE: To know the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the population attended in the Hospital Juarez de Mexico, to know if they are alike to described worldwide and if the treatments proposed internationally are applicable for this hospitable center. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis. Reviewing the records with histopathologic diagnosis of medullary breast cancer from February 1993 to February 2011. Finding 41 patients in the oncology unit of the institution. RESULTS: We report an incidence of 3.04%, originating in 11 Mexican States, with a low to middle socioeconomic level in 39.02%. The average age at the time of diagnosis was 50 years. No family history was reported but some patients had medical history for type 2 diabetes, hypertension and previous breast cancer. 63.41% were menopausal. The average clinical size of the tumor was 58 mm. The 63% of the cases were located in the left breast. The 53.1% were clinical stages I and II, 46.3% were clinical stages III and in 9.6% of the cases primary tumor could not be assessed. Only 47% of the patients had positive axillary lynph nodes at diagnosis. The inmunohistochemestry was only reported in 14 of the 41 patients, according to the molecular classification of breast cancer: 8 were triple negative, 2 luminal A, 1 luminal B and 3 Her2neu. CONCLUSIONS: The Mexican population presents epidemiological and clinical characteristics similar to those patients described in other studies worldwide.
Antecedentes: el carcinoma de mama, variante medular, es poco frecuente y de buen pronóstico. Objetivo: conocer las características epidemiológicas y clínicas de la población atendida en el Hosital Juárez de México, saber si se asemejan a las descritas a nivel mundial y si los tratamientos propuestos internacionalmente son aplicables para este centro hospitalario. Material y métodos: estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo de 41 expedientes de pacientes con cáncer de mama tipo medular atendidas entre febrero de 1993 y febrero 2011. Resultados: se encontró que la incidencia de cáncer de mama de tipo medular fue de 3.04% en pacientes originarias de 11 estados mexicanos, con edad promedio de 50 años, nivel socioeconómico medio bajo para 39.02%, sin antecedentes familiares pero sí personales patológicos para: diabetes mellitus tipo 2, hipertensión arterial sistémica y cáncer de mama previo. Eran postmenopáusicas 63.41%. El promedio del tamaño clínico del tumor fue 58 mm, localizado en 63% de los casos en la mama izquierda. Los estadios clínicos fueron: 53.1% en I y II, 46.3% en III y 9.6% no etapificable. El 47% de las pacientes tenía ganglios linfáticos axilares positivos al momento del diagnóstico. La inmunohistoquímica sólo se reportó en 14 de las 41 pacientes; de acuerdo con la clasificación molecular para cáncer de mama: 8 fueron triple negativo, 2 luminal A, 1 luminal B y 3 Her2Neu. Conclusión: la población mexicana tiene características epidemiológicas y clínicas similares a las de las pacientes descritas en estudios internacionales.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/epidemiologia , Carcinoma Medular/epidemiologia , Idoso , Biomarcadores Tumorais , Neoplasias da Mama/química , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Neoplasias da Mama/cirurgia , Carcinoma Medular/química , Carcinoma Medular/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Medular/patologia , Carcinoma Medular/cirurgia , Comorbidade , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Incidência , Menopausa , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Segunda Neoplasia Primária/epidemiologia , Segunda Neoplasia Primária/patologia , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Taxa de Sobrevida , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/química , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/epidemiologia , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/patologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cancer is the second cause of death in Mexico. The Juarez Hospital of Mexico is a highly specialized general hospital in which the frequency of cancer treated at the Oncology Unit is a representative sample of the frequency of cancer in the country. OBJECTIVE: To learn about the frequency of presentation of tumors diagnosed in a third level hospital. METHODS: We reviewed all the biopsies and surgical specimens diagnosed as cancer or malignant tumors registered in the pathology unit during the years 2006 to 2010. We grouped the cases by age, sex, and anatomic site. RESULTS: We identified the 10 most common cancers for both sexes, age groups and sex affected, raising the chances of early detection campaigns reinforce for the most common cancers and try to increase control and cure rates and improve coverage of the economically weak, for their integration into health systems. CONCLUSIONS: Information obtained reflects the reality of the country to the general population without entitlements. That in our country women suffer more than men of cancer that breast neoplasms and genital tract are the most frequent, and timely detection systems exist and should be strengthened to achieve greater eligible for early identification of cases in our population.
Antecedentes: el cáncer es la segunda causa de muerte en México. El Hospital Juárez de México es una institución general de alta especialidad, por lo que la frecuencia de pacientes con cáncer atendidos en su Unidad de Oncología es una muestra representativa de la frecuencia de cáncer en el país. Objetivo: conocer la estadística de tumores diagnosticados en un hospital de tercer nivel. Material y métodos: estudio retrospectivo efectuado con base en la revisión de los expedientes guardados en los archivos de Anatomía Patológica de pacientes atendidos entre los años 2006 y 2010. Se registraron todos los casos positivos a cáncer de material obtenido mediante biopsia o pieza quirúrgica. Se agruparon por edad, sexo y sitios anatómicos. Resultados: se identificaron las 10 neoplasias más frecuentes en uno y otro sexo, los grupos de edad, y sexo más afectado. Conclusiones: la información obtenida refleja la realidad del país de población abierta no derechohabiente. En México, las mujeres padecen más cáncer que los hombres; las neoplasias de mama y tracto genital son las más frecuentes. Deben reforzarse los sistemas de detección oportuna para que la identificación de casos tempranos sea mayor en nuestra población.
Assuntos
Hospitais Urbanos/estatística & dados numéricos , Neoplasias/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Especificidade de Órgãos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Distribuição por Sexo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Introducción: Burkholderia cepacia es causante de brotes cuyo origen frecuentemente son fuentes ambientales. Materiales y métodos: Ante la sospecha de brote por B. cepacia en hemocultivos. Se realizó toma de cultivos ambientales y de insumos. Los aislamientos microbiológicos fueron sometidos a análisis molecular. Resultados: Se identificaron 8 pacientes con hemocultivos para B. cepacia en la UCI Adultos y UCI Pediátrica, edades entre 3 meses y 88 años, Los hemocultivos fueron tomados a través de catéter venoso central. Ningún paciente presentó infección por este microorganismo. Se documentó crecimiento de B. cepacia en lote de bolsitas ("sachet") jabón de clorhexidina al 4% y en lavamanos que se correlacionaron con el clon identificado en los pacientes. Con el retiro del lote de jabón de clorhexidina, optimización de los procesos de limpieza y desinfección, lavado de manos y medidas de aislamiento se controló el pseudobrote. Conclusiones: Se presenta un pseudobrote por B. cepacia causado por la contaminación de un lote de clorhexidina jabón y de los lavamanos, llamando la atención acerca de la posibilidad de contaminación de antisépticos con este microorganismo.
Introduction: The Burkholderia cepacia has been described as an outbreaks-causing agent, in which case frequently corresponds to environmental sources. Materials and Methods: Having the clinical suspicion of an outbreak or a pseudo-outbreak of B. cepacia in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU), samples in sterile solutions were sent to the laboratory for microbiologic study and molecular analysis. Results: Eigth patients with positive blood cultures for B. cepacia were identifed in the adults and pediatric ICU, ages between 3 months to 88 years. Blood cultures were taken through a central venous catheter. None of the patients presented clinical manifestations of infection. There was a positive culture of B. cepacia in a chlorhexidine sachet soap batch and in samples from the washbasin that was correlated with molecular analysis with patient samples. The withdrawal of the chlorhexidine sachet soap batch plus the optimization of cleaning and disinfection processes and patient isolation, were effective to control the pseudo-outbreak, without presenting infection. Conclusions: One pseudo-outbreak was documented by B. cepacia, affecting the adult and pediatric ICU caused by the contamination of a chlorhexidine sachet soap batch and the washbasins.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Burkholderia cepacia , Poluição Ambiental , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Isolamento de Pacientes , Sabões , Desinfecção das Mãos , Surtos de Doenças , Otimização de Processos , Hemocultura , Anti-Infecciosos LocaisRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer is diagnosed in pregnant women during pregnancy or the first year after childbirth, and is the second leading cause of death among women of reproductive age. We don't know the frequency of this disease or the characteristics of the women affected at the Juarez Hospital of Mexico. This paper analyzed the cases of pregnant women diagnosed with breast cancer treated in the Oncology Department over a period of 10 years (1990-2000). METHODS: We performed a retrospective descriptive study of pregnant women diagnosed with breast cancer, treated at the hospital. Of the cases found, the following indicators were studied: maternal age, type of cancer, weeks of gestation at the time of diagnosis, resolution of pregnancy and perinatal outcome, and treatment monitoring. Descriptive statistics were performed using measures of central tendency and dispersion. RESULTS: There were 14 cases of pregnant women with breast cancer. The mean age of patients was 28 years, with a mean of 23 weeks gestation at diagnosis. The resolution of pregnancy was favorable in 73% of cases. 78.6% of the patients were treated, 72.7% had follow-up for 2 years that found 62.5% of patients without tumor activity. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of pregnant women with breast cancer is low, affecting young people. The choice of treatment allowed the resolution of pregnancy and survival of women without tumor activity.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/epidemiologia , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/epidemiologia , Complicações Neoplásicas na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Mama/terapia , Autoexame de Mama , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/terapia , Terapia Combinada , Feminino , Seguimentos , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Mamografia , Mastectomia , Idade Materna , México/epidemiologia , Gravidez , Complicações Neoplásicas na Gravidez/diagnóstico por imagem , Complicações Neoplásicas na Gravidez/terapia , Resultado da Gravidez , Transtornos Puerperais/epidemiologia , Transtornos Puerperais/terapia , Radioterapia Adjuvante , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Saffron, the processed stigma of Crocus sativus, is characterized by the presence of several apocarotenoids that contribute to the color, flavor, and aroma of the spice. However, little is known about the synthesis of aroma compounds during the development of the C. sativus stigma. The developing stigma is nearly odorless, but before and at anthesis, the aromatic compound beta-ionone becomes the principal norisoprenoid volatile in the stigma. In this study, four carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD) genes, CsCCD1a, CsCCD1b, CsCCD4a, and CsCCD4b, were isolated from C. sativus. Expression analysis showed that CsCCD1a was constitutively expressed, CsCCD1b was unique to the stigma tissue, but only CsCCD4a and -b had expression patterns consistent with the highest levels of beta-carotene and emission of beta-ionone derived during the stigma development. The CsCCD4 enzymes were localized in plastids and more specifically were present in the plastoglobules. The enzymatic activities of CsCCD1a, CsCCD1b, and CsCCD4 enzymes were determined by Escherichia coli expression, and subsequent analysis of the volatile products was generated by GC/MS. The four CCDs fell in two phylogenetically divergent dioxygenase classes, but all could cleave beta-carotene at the 9,10(9',10') positions to yield beta-ionone. The data obtained suggest that all four C. sativus CCD enzymes may contribute in different ways to the production of beta-ionone. In addition, the location and precise timing of beta-ionone synthesis, together with its known activity as a fragrance and insect attractant, suggest that this volatile may have a role in Crocus pollination.
Assuntos
Crocus/enzimologia , Dioxigenases/metabolismo , Genes de Plantas/fisiologia , Norisoprenoides/biossíntese , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , beta Caroteno/metabolismo , Crocus/genética , Citosol/enzimologia , Dioxigenases/genética , Norisoprenoides/genética , Filogenia , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Polinização/fisiologia , beta Caroteno/genéticaRESUMO
Sibutramine has been described as an anti-obesity drug with the ability to inhibit serotonin (5-HT), noradrenaline, and dopamine re-uptake, but without affinity to histamine and muscarinic receptors. On the other hand, cyproheptadine antagonizes serotonin 5-HT(2A), 5-HT(2B), and 5-HT(2C), histamine H1, and muscarinic (M) receptors. There are many reports concerning the influence of sibutramine on central serotoninergic pathways. In this study, we suggest that peripheral pathways may also be involved in the serotoninergic effects of sibutramine. In vivo experiments were undertaken to investigate the serotoninergic effects of sibutramine on body mass, the glycogen concentration in the diaphragm of rats, and locomotor behaviour. Rats were submitted to oral treatment with sibutramine, cyproheptadine, or sibutramine applied in combination with cyproheptadine, for a period of 2 months to investigate the 5-HT2 effects of sibutramine on these parameters. As the results demonstrated, the lower increase in body mass and the increased glycogen levels in the diaphragm muscle of rats treated with sibutramine seem to be modulated by 5-HT2 receptors, since these effects were completely antagonized by cyproheptadine in the group treated with the 2 drugs co-applied. Furthermore, the behavioural results also suggest that mechanisms modulated by 5-HT2 receptors are involved in the increase of locomotion in the rats treated with sibutramine, since the effect did not occur in the rats treated with sibutramine co-applied with the 5-HT2 receptor antagonist, cyproheptadine. The results suggest that sibutramine modifies energy-related parameters such as body mass, diaphragm glycogen, and locomotor behaviour in rats via 5-HT2 serotoninergic pathways.
Assuntos
Depressores do Apetite/farmacologia , Ciclobutanos/farmacologia , Atividade Motora/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptores 5-HT2 de Serotonina/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores Seletivos de Recaptação de Serotonina/farmacologia , Animais , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Ciproeptadina/farmacologia , Diafragma/efeitos dos fármacos , Diafragma/metabolismo , Ingestão de Alimentos/efeitos dos fármacos , Metabolismo Energético/efeitos dos fármacos , Glicogênio/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Antagonistas da Serotonina/farmacologia , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Distintos estudios farmacoclínicos demostraron que los medicamentos inhibidores de la síntesis de PGs mejoran el dolor menstrual y otros síntomas de las dismenorrea. Se ha sugerido que el mecanismo por el cual ejercen su acción es la inhibición de la prostaglandina-sintetasa. En un ensayo doble ciego controlado contra placebo, se estudió la eficacia del ketoprofen en 20 pacientes adultas aquejadas de dismenorrea, cuyo promedio etario fue de 28,1 ñ 7,2. El estudio se realizó durante tres ciclos mentruales, tomándose el primero como control. En los períodos segundo y tercero se administró placebo o ketoprofen (200 mg/día/7 días) empezando la medicación 5 días antes de comenzar el período menstrual. La intensidad del dolor se evaluó de acuerdo con un score arbitrario 0-10. Las prostaglandinas PGE2 y PGF2-Alfa se extrajeron del líquido menstrual total recogido durante 3 días en cada ciclo. Sus concentraciones se midieron por cromatografía y ensayo biológico sobre fundus gástrico aislado de rata. En el ciclo de control antes del tratamiento los niveles de PGE2, fueron 36,7ñ 3,1 y los de PGF2-Alfa 47,3 ñ 2,9 micron/ml. Después de dos período con tratamiento esas concentraciones descendieron respectivamente a 17,1 ñ 2,4 y a 18,6 ñ 1,4 (p < 0,0001) observándose una prevalencia de la caída de la PGF2-Alfa en 80% de los casos. No hubo diferencias en las concentraciones de PGs entre ambos períodos bajo tratamiento. La intensidad dolorosa registró un rango de caída de 8,7 ñ 0,3 a 1,1 ñ 0,6 (p < 0,0001). El ketoprofen fue significativamente más eficaz que el placebo para mejorar la dismenorrea, definiéndose en general una buena correlación entre las respuestas clínicas y de laboratorio