Effect of Hydroxytyrosol Derivatives of Donepezil on the Activity of Enzymes Involved in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Oxidative Damage.

Monoamine oxidase and xanthine oxidase inhibitors represent useful multi-target drugs for the prevention, attenuation, and treatment of oxidative damage and neurodegenerative disorders. Chimeric molecules, constituted by naturally derived compounds linked to drugs, represent lead compounds to be explored for the discovery of new synthetic drugs acting as enzyme inhibitors. We have previously reported that seven hydroxytyrosol-donepezil hybrid compounds play a protective role in an in vitro neuronal cell model of Alzheimer's disease. In this work, we analyzed the effects exerted by the hybrid compounds on the activity of monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and B (MAO-B), as well as on xanthine oxidase (XO), enzymes involved in both neurodegenerative disorders and oxidative stress. The results pointed to the identification, among the compounds tested, of selective inhibitors between the two classes of enzymes. While the 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethyl 1-benzylpiperidine-4-carboxylate- (HT3) and the 4-hydroxyphenethyl 1-benzylpiperidine-4-carboxylate- donepezil derivatives (HT4) represented the best inhibitors of MAO-A, with a scarce effect on MAO-B, they were almost ineffective on XO. On the other hand, the 4,5-dihydroxy-2-nitrophenethyl 1-benzylpiperidine-4-carboxylate donepezil derivative (HT2), the least efficient MAO inhibitor, acted like the best XO inhibitor. Therefore, the differential enzymatic targets identified among the hybrid compounds synthesized enhance the possible applications of these polyphenol-donepezil hybrids in neurodegenerative disorders and oxidative stress.

Inhibition of Enzymes Involved in Neurodegenerative Disorders and Aß1-40 Aggregation by Citrus limon Peel Polyphenol Extract.

Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's diseases (PD) are multifactorial neurogenerative disorders of the Central Nervous System causing severe cognitive and motor deficits in elderly people. Because treatment of AD and PD by synthetic drugs alleviates the symptoms often inducing side effects, many studies have aimed to find neuroprotective properties of diet polyphenols, compounds known to act on different cell signaling pathways. In this article, we analyzed the effect of polyphenols obtained from the agro-food industry waste of Citrus limon peel (LPE) on key enzymes of cholinergic and aminergic neurotransmission, such as butyryl cholinesterase (BuChE) and monoamine oxidases (MAO)-A/B, on Aß1-40 aggregation and on superoxide dismutase (SOD) 1/2 that affect oxidative stress. In our in vitro assays, LPE acts as an enzyme inhibitor on BuChE (IC50 ~ 73 µM), MAO-A/B (IC50 ~ 80 µM), SOD 1/2 (IC50 ~ 10-20 µM) and interferes with Aß1-40 peptide aggregation (IC50 ~ 170 µM). These results demonstrate that LPE behaves as a multitargeting agent against key factors of AD and PD by inhibiting to various extents BuChE, MAOs, and SODs and reducing Aß-fibril aggregation. Therefore, LPE is a promising candidate for the prevention and management of AD and PD symptoms in combination with pharmacological therapies.

Inhibition mechanism of naphthylphenylamine derivatives acting on the CDC25B dual phosphatase and analysis of the molecular processes involved in the high cytotoxicity exerted by one selected derivative in melanoma cells.

The dual phosphatases CDC25 are involved in cell cycle regulation and overexpressed in many tumours, including melanoma. CDC25 is a promising target for discovering anticancer drugs, and several studies focussed on characterisation of quinonoid CDC25 inhibitors, frequently causing undesired side toxic effects. Previous work described an optimisation of the inhibition properties by naphthylphenylamine (NPA) derivatives of NSC28620, a nonquinonoid CDC25 inhibitor. Now, the CDC25B•inhibitor interaction was investigated through fluorescence studies, shedding light on the different inhibition mechanism exerted by NPA derivatives. Among the molecular processes, mediating the specific and high cytotoxicity of one NPA derivative in melanoma cells, we observed decrease of phosphoAkt, increase of p53, reduction of CDC25 forms, cytochrome c cytosolic translocation and increase of caspase activity, that lead to the activation of an apoptotic programme. A basic knowledge on CDC25 inhibitors is relevant for discovering potent bioactive molecules, to be used as anticancer agents against the highly aggressive melanoma.

Solitary Plasmacytoma of the Mandible: Early Diagnosis and Surgical Management.

Solitary plasmacytoma is an abnormal proliferation of B-lymphoid cells that involves a single bone. It mainly affects the axial skeleton; the jaw localization is a rare condition. The authors present a case of a 70-year-old female patient with a radiolucency of the angle of the mandible later diagnosed as solitary plasmacytoma.

Effectiveness of low-level diode laser therapy on pain during cavity preparation on permanent teeth.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on dental pain felt during cavity preparation of carious lesions in permanent teeth of adults. METHODS: The study was carried out on 88 teeth with dental caries requiring class I restorations in 24 subjects with a pain score ≥ 7 but < 10 measured using a 0-10 visual analogue scale (VAS) in a preliminary test of pain threshold (PTPT) for each subject receiving a class I cavity preparation on another tooth without local anesthesia. The 88 teeth included were randomly allocated to test and control groups, each with 44 teeth. All teeth were treated with LLLT prior to the mechanical preparation of the cavity without local anesthesia, except that the laser device was kept in idle mode in the control group. After cavity preparation, subjects scored pain intensity using the VAS. The Wilcoxon test was used to analyze data and the values with P< 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS: All subjects scored a pain reduction in the test group compared with the control group (P< 0.0001), with a reduction of 42% and 16%, respectively, compared to pain felt during the PTPT. The use of LLLT prior to mechanical preparation of a cavity by lowering pain intensity might reduce the quantity of drugs used for pain control required during restorative procedures. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Dental treatments could be more comfortable by using a preliminary phase of low-power lasers, limiting or eliminating pharmacological agents for pain control.

The Use of Piezosurgery in Genioplasty.

The aim of this study was to compare the postoperative complications during genioplasty using piezosurgery devices or traditional rotating drills. Forty patients underwent genioplasty to solve their chin anomalies. This study showed that, using piezosurgery, pain and swelling were reduced compared to the traditional technique in the immediate postoperative period of healing (within 15 days). Paresthesia was observed in all patients up to 15th postoperative day, independently of the used surgical technique, but at the sixth postoperative month it was completely absent.

Class I restoration margin quality in direct resin composites: A double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the margin quality of direct resin composite restorations comparing the enamel-dentin adhesive standard procedure with additional use of adhesive layer at the external outline. METHODS: A total of 648 teeth with Class I occlusal lesions in molars and premolars were randomly selected and distributed into two groups of 324 each in order to compare the margin quality with two restoration strategies. Lesions were sealed with the standard adhesion procedure for direct resin composite restorations (Group 1) and with an additional procedure of enamel adhesive on the outer boundary of the finished restoration (Group 2). Evaluation of marginal quality at 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 months was performed and described as good marginal adaption or as poor quality defined as Inadequacy A (IA): overhanging resin or change of color; Inadequacy B (IB): the presence of a gap at the enamel-composite interface that retained the probe tip; or Inadequacy C (IC) presence of gap at the enamel-composite interface with explorer tip penetration of more than 1 mm. RESULTS: Data showed a higher number of Inadequacy A for restorations with the additional technique for marginal seal (Group 2): 16 of 24 total (57%) at 6 months; 28 of 37 total (76%) at 12 months; 36 of 44 total (82%) at 18 months; 22 of 33 total (67%) at 24 months; 14 of 21 total (70%) at 36 months and 16 of 25 total (64%) at 48 months. The Inadequacy B and C of marginal seal were more prevalent for restorations without the additional marginal seal (Group 1): 18 of 28 total (64%) at 12 months with inadequacy B; 19 of 25 total (76%) with inadequacy B and 16 total (100%) with inadequacy C at 18 months; 9 of 17 total (53%) with Inadequacy B and 13 total (100%) with Inadequacy C at 24 months; 12 of 17 total (70%) with Inadequacy B and 9 of 13 total (73%) with Inadequacy C at 36 months; 14 of 24 total (58%) with Inadequacy B and 7 of 11 total (63%) with Inadequacy C at 48 months.

Efficacy of diode laser in association to sodium fluoride vs Gluma desensitizer on treatment of cervical dentin hypersensitivity. A double blind controlled trial.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the desensitizing efficacy of 2% sodium fluoride solution (NaF), diode laser (DL), a DL and NaF association and a solution of hydroxyl-ethyl-methacrylate and glutaraldehyde (HEMA-G: Gluma desensitizer) in cervical dentin hypersensitivity (CDH). METHODS: 262 teeth of 24 subjects (16 females and eight males; age 21 to 64 years, mean 38 years), each having at least two CHD teeth for each quadrant, were included in this prospective, split mouth, clinical study. Teeth of each oral quadrant were randomized in four groups (SG) to study the effectiveness of NaF (SG-1), of DL (SG-2) NaF-DL combination (SG-3) and HEMA-G (SG-4). The subjects were asked to rate the sensitivity experienced during air stimulation by placing a mark on a visual analogue scale (VAS) before treatment (baseline), immediately after treatment, and after 1, and 6 months. RESULTS: The outcomes showed a significant reduction of discomfort compared to baseline values for teeth of SG-3 immediately post treatment (82.6%) (P < 0.001), after 1 month (69.5%) (P < 0.001) and after 6 months (60.8%) (P < 0.001), respectively, compared with the reduction scores of 51.6% (P < 0.001), 29.7% (P < 0.05) and 4.7% (P > 0.05), recorded for SG-1; 72.2%, (P < 0.001), 62.5% (P < 0.001), and 47.2% (P < 0.05), recorded for SG-2; 77.4% (P < 0.001), 56.1% (P < 0.001), and 27.3% (P < 0.05), recorded for SG-4.

A Genotyping Method for Detecting Foreign Buffalo Material in Mozzarella di Bufala Campana Cheese Using Allele-Specific- and Single-Tube Heminested-Polymerase Chain Reaction.

Mozzarella di Bufala Campana (MdBC) cheese is a Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) product that is important for the economy and cultural heritage of the Campania region. Food fraud can undermine consumers' trust in this dairy product and harm the livelihood of local producers. The current methods for detecting adulteration in MdBC cheese due to the use of buffalo material from foreign countries could exhibit limitations associated with the required use of expensive equipment, time-consuming procedures, and specialized personnel. To address these limits here, we propose a rapid, reliable, and cost-effective genotyping method that can detect foreign buffalo milk in a counterpart from the PDO area and in MdBC cheese, ensuring the quality and authenticity of the latter dairy product. This method is based on dedicated allele-specific and single-tube heminested polymerase chain reaction procedures. By using allele-specific primers that are designed to detect the nucleotide g.472G>C mutation of the CSN1S1Bbt allele, we distinguished an amplicon of 330 bp in the amplification product of DNA when extracted from milk and cheese, which is specific to the material originating from foreign countries. By spiking foreign milk samples with known amounts of the counterpart from the PDO area, the sensitivity of this assay was determined to be 0.01% v/v foreign to PDO milk. Based on a rough estimate of its simplicity, reliability, and cost, this method could be a valuable tool for identifying adulterated buffalo PDO dairy products.

Novel Reversible Inhibitors of Xanthine Oxidase Targeting the Active Site of the Enzyme.

Xanthine oxidase (XO) is a flavoprotein catalysing the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and then to uric acid, while simultaneously producing reactive oxygen species. Altered functions of XO may lead to severe pathological diseases, including gout-causing hyperuricemia and oxidative damage of tissues. These findings prompted research studies aimed at targeting the activity of this crucial enzyme. During the course of a virtual screening study aimed at the discovery of novel inhibitors targeting another oxidoreductase, superoxide dismutase, we identified four compounds with non-purine-like structures, namely ALS-1, -8, -15 and -28, that were capable of causing direct inhibition of XO. The kinetic studies of their inhibition mechanism allowed a definition of these compounds as competitive inhibitors of XO. The most potent molecule was ALS-28 (Ki 2.7 ± 1.5 µM), followed by ALS-8 (Ki 4.5 ± 1.5 µM) and by the less potent ALS-15 (Ki 23 ± 9 µM) and ALS-1 (Ki 41 ± 14 µM). Docking studies shed light on the molecular basis of the inhibitory activity of ALS-28, which hinders the enzyme cavity channel for substrate entry consistently with the competitive mechanism observed in kinetic studies. Moreover, the structural features emerging from the docked poses of ALS-8, -15 and -1 may explain the lower inhibition power with respect to ALS-28. All these structurally unrelated compounds represent valuable candidates for further elaboration into promising lead compounds.

The effect of the COVID-19 outbreak on the periodontal status of patients with periodontitis in supportive therapy: a retrospective study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of lockdown due to the coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic on the periodontal status of patients with periodontitis in supportive periodontal therapy. METHOD AND MATERIALS: A retrospective analysis of patients affected by periodontitis stage III-IV-grade A, B, and C, who had their supportive periodontal therapy to September 2020, after a period of 6 months from the planned maintenance recall (March 2020) was performed. Clinical parameters full-mouth plaque score (FMPS), full-mouth bleeding score (FMBS), and probing depth (PD) were evaluated. Patients were assigned to three groups: A (nonsmokers); B (< 10 cigarettes/day); and C (> 10 cigarettes/day). Statistical analysis was used to compare intra-group and inter-group differences. RESULTS: In total, 55 subjects with the mean age of 47.7 ± 7.0 years were enrolled. The number of participants in group A and group B decreased, respectively, from 25 (45.5%) to 20 (36.4%) and from 17 (30.9%) to 13 (23.6%). The C group increased from 13 (23.6%) to 22 (40.0%). A statistically significant increase in mean FMPS was recorded in group A (from 22.5 ± 3.5 to 30.0 ± 28.3; P < .0001); group B (from 22.5 ± 12.7 to 42.5 ± 3.5; P < .0001); and group C (from 22.5 ± 25.5 to 42.5 ± 10.6; P < .0001). A statistically significant increase in mean FMBS was recorded in group A (from 15.0 ± 7.1 to 25.0 ± 21.2; P < .0001); group B (from 15.0 ± 0.0 to 37.5 ± 3.5; P < .001); and group C (from 12.5 ± 3.5 to 30.0 ± 7.1; P < .0001). A statistically significant increase in mean PD was recorded in group A (from 4.48 ± 0.5 to 5.25 ± 1.2; P < .001); in group B (from 4.71 ± 0.7 to 5.38 ± 1.31; P < .0001); and group C (from 6.00 ± 0.0 to 7.09 ± 1.1; P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this study the results showed that the pandemic period resulted in an increase in probing depth for the patients in regular SPT, possibly due to increased tobacco consumption.

In Silico Identification of Novel Inhibitors Targeting the Homodimeric Interface of Superoxide Dismutase from the Dental Pathogen Streptococcus mutans.

The microaerophile Streptococcus mutans, the main microaerophile responsible for the development of dental plaque, has a single cambialistic superoxide dismutase (SmSOD) for its protection against reactive oxygen species. In order to discover novel inhibitors of SmSOD, possibly interfering with the biofilm formation by this pathogen, a virtual screening study was realised using the available 3D-structure of SmSOD. Among the selected molecules, compound ALS-31 was capable of inhibiting SmSOD with an IC50 value of 159 µM. Its inhibition power was affected by the Fe/Mn ratio in the active site of SmSOD. Furthermore, ALS-31 also inhibited the activity of other SODs. Gel-filtration of SmSOD in the presence of ALS-31 showed that the compound provoked the dissociation of the SmSOD homodimer in two monomers, thus compromising the catalytic activity of the enzyme. A docking model, showing the binding mode of ALS-31 at the dimer interface of SmSOD, is presented. Cell viability of the fibroblast cell line BJ5-ta was not affected up to 100 µM ALS-31. A preliminary lead optimization program allowed the identification of one derivative, ALS-31-9, endowed with a 2.5-fold improved inhibition power. Interestingly, below this concentration, planktonic growth and biofilm formation of S. mutans cultures were inhibited by ALS-31, and even more by its derivative, thus opening the perspective of future drug design studies to fight against dental caries.

Noninvasive in-vivo imaging of oral mucosa: state-of-the-art.

Technological development has interested most of the dentistry's branches leading to the use of other medical technologies non previously involved in dental practice. This study aims to evaluate the potential role of non-invasive imaging techniques in oral pathology workflow. Optical coherence tomography has been described by several authors as a promising aid for differential diagnosis of autoimmune diseases and to detect epithelial subversion of the oral mucosa before the clinical manifestation of oral mucositis. High-frequency ultrasound offers the chance to assess lesional dimensions both in benign and malignant lesions with a high dimensional reliability compared with histopathology. Reflectance confocal microscopy seems to be helpful in the early detection of cytological changes due to its high resolution, suggesting a more interesting role in the analysis of malignant lesions. The study presented highlighted the potential role of noninvasive in vivo imaging although further studies are needed for the further validation of these techniques.

Annurca Apple Polyphenol Extract Affects Acetyl- Cholinesterase and Mono-Amine Oxidase In Vitro Enzyme Activity.

In this study, we explored the ability of Annurca apple flesh polyphenol extract (AFPE) to affect the activity of key enzymes involved in neurodegenerative disorders-in particular, Acetyl- and Butirryl-cholinesterases, and type A and B monoamine oxidase. The effect of AFPE on enzyme activity was analyzed by in vitro enzyme assays, and the results showed concentration-dependent enzyme inhibition, with IC50 values corresponding to 859 ± 18 µM and 966 ± 72 µM for AChE and BuChE respectively, and IC50 corresponding to 145 ± 3 µM and 199 ± 7 µM for MAO-A and MAO-B, respectively, with a preference for MAO-A. Moreover, in this concentration range, AFPE did not affect the viability of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y and fibroblast BJ-5ta cell lines, as determined by an MTT assay. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that AFPE shows the new biological properties of inhibiting the activity of enzymes that are involved in brain functions, neurodegenerative disorders, and aging.

The influence of flap design on patients' experiencing pain, swelling, and trismus after mandibular third molar surgery: a scoping systematic review.

Third molar removal surgery usually comes accompanied by postoperative discomfort, which could be influenced by the surgical approach chosen. This scoping systematic review aimed at compiling the available evidence focused on the influence of flap design, including envelope flap (EF), triangular flap (TF), and modified triangular flap (MTF), on postoperative pain, swelling, and trismus, as primary outcome measures, and any result mentioning healing promotion or delay, as secondary outcome measure, after mandibular third molar extraction surgery. An electronic search, complemented by a manual search, of articles published from 1999 to 2020 was conducted in the Medline (PubMed), EMBASE and Web of Science databases including human randomized controlled trials, prospective, and retrospective studies with at least 15 patients. The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed either with the Cochrane's Risk of Bias tool or with the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Every step of the review was performed independently and in duplicate. The initial electronic search recovered 2102 articles. After applying the inclusion criteria, 12 articles were included. For patient's perceived postoperative pain, TF and MTF frequently reported better results than EF. For swelling, the literature is divided, despite a trend favoring EF. For trismus, data showed that its occurrence is mostly associated with the duration of the surgery rather than with the chosen flap. For healing, the limited data is inconclusive. Finally, randomized studies showed a high risk of bias, whereas nonrandomized studies were mostly of good quality and low risk of bias. Although there was no clear consensus regarding the influence of different flap designs for third mandibular molar extraction on postoperative clinical morbidities; the surgeon's experience, estimated surgical difficulty, molar position and orientation, and surg ery duration should be considered when choosing among the different flap designs.

Biological response of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to fluoride-modified titanium surfaces.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to examine the behaviour of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) to fluoride-modified grit-blasted (F-TiO) titanium surfaces compared with grit-blasted ones (TiO). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Implant surfaces were analysed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). BM-MSC were isolated from healthy donors and grown on the implant surfaces. Cell adhesion and proliferation, type I collagen (Col I) synthesis, osteoblastic differentiation (in terms of alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin synthesis and extracellular matrix mineralization) were assessed. Furthermore, the ability to affect the osteoblastic/osteoclastic balance in terms of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and activator of nuclear factor κ B ligand (RANKL) ratio was investigated. RESULTS: F-TiO surface showed higher S(a) values (P<0.05) and the presence of nano-scale structures at the AFM and SEM analysis. Comparable cell morphology and similar adhesion values on both surfaces were detected at early time, whereas higher proliferation values on F-TiO samples were observed at 7 and 10 days. Increased Col I and OPG levels for cells grown on F-TiO were found, whereas RANKL was not detectable in any of the conditioned media. BM-MSC showed a similar expression of early and late osteogenic markers on both TiO and F-TiO surfaces. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study show that the chemical and micro/nano-scale modifications induced by fluoride treatment of TiO-grit blasted surfaces stimulate the proliferation and the extracellular matrix synthesis by BM-MSC, as well as the increase of OPG synthesis, thus preventing osteoclast activation and differentiation.

A Systematic Critical Appraisal of the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews on the Effect of Autologous Platelet Concentrates in the Treatment of Periodontal Intraosseous Defects.

The present study aimed to perform a systematic critical appraisal of the methodological quality of systematic reviews (SRs) on the effect of autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) in the treatment of periodontal intraosseous defects and to provide a synthesis of the main clinical findings available. An electronic and hand search was performed up to February 2020; 14 systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), of which 11 were meta-analyses, were included. Only one SR fully satisfied all 11 items of the AMSTAR ("A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews") checklist for methodological quality evaluation, 3 SRs were classified of high quality, 8 of medium quality, and 2 of low quality. There is some evidence on the beneficial additive effect of APCs in the surgical treatment of intraosseous defects when used alone or in combination with bone grafts. APCs did not show any advantage when used together with guided tissue regeneration (GTR) or enamel matrix derivative (EMD). Undertaking SRs which adhere to rigorous standards and protocols is strongly recommended. There are increasing data on the positive adjunctive effect of APCs in the surgical treatment of intraosseous defects but, due to the heterogeneity of the available primary studies, the quality of evidence remains rather low and further long-term well-designed RCTs are encouraged.

Oral Health and Fibromyalgia Syndrome: A Systemic Review.

Fibromyalgia is a syndrome currently considered idiopathic and multifactorial rheumatic that causes an increase in muscle tension and is characterized by muscle pain and chronic fibrous tissues-widespread, fluctuating and migrating-associated with stiffness, asthenia, cognitive disorders, insomnia or sleep disorders, alterations in sensitivity to stimuli. In affected patients, there may be anxiety or depressive disorder development. The aim of this study is, with the help of an interdisciplinary team, to evaluate the correlations between this syndrome and oral health. A literature review was conducted, analyzing the most common scientific databases, more than 200 studies were obtained. Subsequently to the application of filters and revision by the authors, only 18 articles were considered eligible for this review. From the results, it is clear that the correlations between fibromyalgia and oral health mainly concern pain in the oro-maxillofacial district, especially in the temporomandibular joint. This certainly could help for faster diagnosis of the syndrome, which is currently difficult to identify.

Oral Health and Molecular Aspects of Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma Patients: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma is one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas in adults. It occurs only occasionally in oral soft tissues, and knowledge about its characteristics is based on a limited number of cases reported in the literature. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma belongs to the group of soft tissue sarcomas and makes up less than 10% of soft tissue sarcomas. For therapeutic purposes, complete exeresis of the lesion (macroscopic and microscopic) is performed because they have frequent recurrences. As for complementary therapy in addition to surgery, neither radiotherapy nor chemotherapy have been shown to reduce the risk of death related to the disease. Often patients complain of a swelling that grows in a short period of time. It is quite common for patients to report trauma in the area, which is not the cause, but rather the event that allows diagnosis. The mass usually does not cause pain unless it compresses an adjacent nerve structure. The aim of this study is to systematically review the scientific literature in order to identify the most recent studies concerning malignant fibrous histiocytomas localized in oral soft tissues and report their main data. The main outcomes of this study concern the immunohistochemical, molecular, and clinical aspects of this pathology. A systematic review of articles in the electronic databases pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science was performed. After the selection process, 11 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The mean age of the patients was 50.8 years old. The lesions affected various parts of the oral cavity, showing predominantly storiform-pleomorphic patterns. All cases except one were treated with surgical resection and radiation therapy. Although some data emerged from this review, they remain limited to a few case reports. Further studies are necessary in order to standardize the approach to patients affected by oral malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH).

Peri-implant Soft Tissue Management: Cairo Opinion Consensus Conference.

Peri-implant soft tissues play a role of paramount importance, not only on the esthetic appearance, but also on the maintenance and long-term stability of implants. The present report presents the conclusions from the Consensus Conference of the South European North African Middle Eastern Implantology & Modern Dentistry Association (SENAME) (4-6 November 2016, Cairo, Egypt). The conference focused on the topic of the soft tissue around dental implants, and in particular, on the influence of implant configurations on the marginal soft tissues, soft tissue alterations after immediate, early or delayed implant placement and immediate loading, the long-term outcomes of soft tissue stability around dental implants, and soft tissue augmentation around dental implants. Thirty world experts in this field were invited to take part in this two-day event; however, only 29 experts were in the final consensus voting process.