Chemotherapy of onchocerciasis: a controlled comparison of mebendazole, levamisole, and diethylcarbamazine.

Four drug regimens for treating onchocerciasis were compared in a double-blind study in persons from an endemic area in southern Mexico. 40 men were randomly assigned to receive either diethylcarbamazine (DEC) (200 mg/day), mebendazole (2 g/day), levamisole (150 mg per week), or mebendazole plus levamisole. DEC produced the most rapid fall in skin microfilaria counts, but by 6 months the two groups receiving mebendazole showed similar or slightly greater reductions. Despite the administration of corticosteroids to persons receiving DEC, more systemic side-effects were seen in this group. Ocular complications were also commoner and more severe in those receiving DEC. The reduction in the number of intraocular microfilariae at 6 months was similar to those receiving DEC and mebendazole, alone or in combination with levamisole. Levamisole alone had no significant effect on microfilaria counts. Examination of adult worms in nodules excised at 2 months showed changes suggestive of an interruption of embryogenesis in those persons receiving the mebendazole-containing regimens only. The findings suggest that mebendazole may be a useful alternative to DEC in the treatment of onchocerciasis.

Comparison of flubendazole and diethylcarbamazine in treatment of onchocerciasis.

Flubendazole, an injectable benzimidazole drug, was compared with diethylcarbamazine (DEC) in a prospective double-blind study of the treatment of onchocerciasis. Nineteen Mexican men were randomly assigned to receive either flubendazole 750 mg intramuscularly once a week for 5 doses, or DEC 100 mg twice daily for 14 days, and they were then followed up for 12 months. Major systemic side-effects during the first 3 weeks were common in the DEC group but not in the flubendazole group in which there was considerable inflammation at the injection site instead. Ocular complications (limbitis, punctate keratitis, and uveitis) were also common in the DEC group, whereas in the flubendazole group they consisted only of one new punctate opacity at day 4 in one subject. One DEC patient also had several new areas of chorioretinal changes on day 2 but these had disappeared by 2 months. Skin microfilaria counts fell rapidly in the DEC group, but returned to the pretreatment levels. In contrast, skin microfilaria counts in the flubendazole group fell slowly, but by 6 and 12 months were lower than in the DEC group (at 12 months 0.2 vs 7.3 mf/mg, p less than 0.001). In addition, by 6 months none of the flubendazole subjects had intracorneal microfilariae, and only one had microfilariae in the anterior chamber, whereas the numbers of intraocular microfilariae in the DEC group had returned to pretreatment levels. The results suggest that flubendazole is safer and more effective than DEC in the treatment of onchocerciasis.

Quimioterapia de la onconcercosis: utilidad del mebendazol a nivel comunitario / Drug therapy of onchocercosis: use of mebendazole at communitary level

Resumen El mebendazol, compuesto que en un estudio controlado a nivel hospitalario demostró tener efecto sobre los adultos hembras y las microfilarias de Onchocerco volvulus. fue ahora evaluado en un estudio abierto comunitario para el tratamiento de la oncocercosis. Un total de 26 individuos de diferentes edades y sexos de una comunidad del foco endémico sur del estado de Chiapas, con diferentes densidades de microfilarias en la piel, fueron distribuidos en tres grupos de tratamiento: Grupo 1 formado por 11 hombres mayores de 14años que recibieron I g de mebendazol dos veces al día oralmente durante 4 semanas; Grupo 2 integrado por 6 mujeres mayores de 14 años que recibieron 100mg de dietilcarbamazina dos veces al día durante 4 semanas; y Grupo 3, de 9 menores de 14 aftas de ambos sexos, que recibieron 30 mg de mebendazol por Kg de peso al día. repartidos en dos tomas durante 4 semanas. En los grupos que recibieron mebendazol se observó una baja importante y sostenida en las densidades de microfiliarias, lo cual contrasta notablemente con lo observado en el grupo que recibió dietilcarbamazina. en quienes la baja de las densidades de microfilarias fue inmediata a la administración del medicamento (una semana) y a partir de los 6 meses se observ6 recuperación gradual en el número de microfilarias en la piel, persistiendo una alza lenta a los 14 meses posteriores al inicio del tratamiento. Los efectos secundarios se presentaron con más frecuencia y severidad en el grupo que recibió dietilcarbamazina que en los que se trataron con mebendazol. En ninguno de ellos se presentaron alteraciones oculares atribuibles al tratamiento. Estos resultados sugieren que el mebendazol es seguro y efectivo en el tratamiento de la oncocercosis en la comunidad y que puede ser preferible a la dietilcarbamazina