Effects of Autogenous Tooth Bone Graft and Platelet-Rich Fibrin in Peri-Implant Defects: An Experimental Study in an Animal Model.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of autogenous tooth bone graft (ATBG) combined with platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on bone healing in rabbit peri-implant osseous defects. Eighteen New Zealand rabbits were divided into 3 groups. Bone defects were prepared in each rabbit, and then an implant cavity was created in the defects. Dental implants were placed, and the peri-implant bone defects were treated with the following 3 methods: no graft material was applied in the control group, bone defects were treated with ATBG in the ATBG group, and bone defects were treated with ATBG combined with PRF in the ATBG+PRF group. After 28 days, the rabbits were sacrificed, and the dental implants with surrounding bone were removed. New bone formation and the percentage of bone-to-implant contact (BIC) were determined with histomorphometric evaluations. New bone formation was significantly higher in the ATBG+PRF group than the control and ATBG groups (P < .05). In addition, BIC was significantly higher in the ATBG+PRF group than in the control and ATBG groups (P < .05). The combination of ATBG with PRF contributed to bone healing in rabbits with peri-implant bone defects.

The effects of bosentan on hyperoxia-induced lung injury in neonatal rats.

BACKGROUND: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in premature infants. There is currently no proven effective treatment modality for BPD, and inflammation and oxidative injury play an important role in the pathogenesis of this disease. This study investigated the histopathological and biochemical effects of bosentan, which is a non-specific endothelin receptor antagonist with known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, on hyperoxia-induced lung injury (HILI) in neonatal rats. METHODS: The experiment was performed on newborn rats from the 3rd to the 13th postnatal day. The rats were randomly divided into six groups: Group 1 (air-exposed + saline, n = 6); Group 2 (HILI, n = 8); Group 3 (air-exposed + bosentan, n = 7); Group 4 (HILI + saline, n = 7); Group 5 (HILI + early bosentan-treated group, n = 6), and Group 6 (HILI + late bosentan-treated group, n = 7). Bosentan was administered (30 mg/kg/day) intraperitoneally. The histopathological effects of bosentan on lung tissue were assessed by their alveolar surface area, fibrosis, and smooth muscle actin (SMA) scores, and the biochemical effects on lung tissue were assessed by interleukin-1 beta (IL-1ß), IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). RESULTS: The alveolar surface area and fibrosis scores were found to be significantly higher in HILI groups compared with Group 1 (P < 0.01). The SMA scores in HILI groups were also significantly higher than Group 1 (P < 0.01). Bosentan treatment, especially late therapy, reduced all of these histopathological scores and the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the hyperoxia groups (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: This experimental study showed that bosentan had a protective effect on hyperoxic lung injury through its anti-inflammatory properties.

Investigation the effect of Hypericum perforatum on corneal alkali burns.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of Hypericum perforatum on corneal alkali burn. Methods: We studied 45 250 g weighing, 4 months old Wistar albino rats. Alkaline burns were performed in the corneas of all experimental animals with 2 mol/L NaOH after general anaesthesia. Rats were divided into five groups according to the subsequent process applied to them: group 1 was the topical Hypericum perforatum group, group 2 was the topical pure olive oil group, group 3 was the oral Hypericum perforatum group, group 4 was the oral pure olive oil group, and group 5 was the control untreated group. Rats were sacrificed under general anaesthesia on the 14 day. The rate of corneal inflammation, neovascularization, fibroblastic activity, and cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31) staining was investigated. Result: There were 45 rats at the beginning of the study. One rat in groups 1, 2, and 3 died during the study; therefore, 42 rats could be evaluated. There were 8 rats in group 1, 8 rats in group 2, 8 rats in group 3, and 9 rats in group 4. We found less corneal neovascularization (CNV), inflammation, and fibroblastic activity in group 1 and group 2 than in the other groups (p ˂ 0.001 for all parameters). CNV, inflammation, fibroblastic activity, and CD31 staining rates were lower in group 1 than in group 2 (p ˂ 0.001 for all parameters). There was no difference between groups 3, 4, and 5 (respectively, p = 0.436, 0.634, and 0.750). Conclusions: We found that both topical Hypericum perforatum oily extract and olive oil have anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and anti-fibroblastic effects when applied after corneal alkali burns in rat corneas. Further studies should be conducted in this field.

Is Sesamol Effective in Corneal Neovascularization?

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of topically and subconjunctivally administered sesamol on experimentally induced corneal neovascularization in rats. METHODS: Fifty-six right eyes of 56 Wistar Albino rats were chemically cauterized to induce corneal neovascularization in this experimental and comparative study. The subjects were divided into eight groups: topical sesamol (group 1), subconjunctival sesamol (group 2), topical bevacizumab (group 3), subconjunctival bevacizumab (group 4), topical bevacizumab+ sesamol (group 5), subconjunctival bevacizumab+ sesamol (group 6), topical Tween 80 (group 7), and control (group 8). The amount of subconjunctivally injected sesamol and bevacizumab was 1.25 mg each. Topical groups were administered 10 mg/mL drops twice daily. The control group was left untreated. To evaluate the degree of corneal neovascularization, digital photographs and corneal sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin and CD31 were used. RESULTS: When photographs of neovascularization areas were examined, all treatment groups showed statistically significant differences when compared with the control group (P<0.001). Topical sesamol was found to be more effective when compared with subconjunctival sesamol (P=0.003). Topical sesamol+ bevacizumab was found to be more effective when compared with topical bevacizumab (P=0.018). The numbers of new corneal vessels were as follows: 12.28±6.29 in group 1, 36.85±12.8 in group 2, 18.85±7.71 in group 3, 16.85±8.70 in group 4, 19.57±8.56 in group 5, 22.57±7.43 in group 6, 45.00±11.29 in group 7, and 51.16±5.91 in group 8 (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The outcomes of this study suggest antiangiogenic effects of sesamol. The use of topical sesamol monotherapy or sesamol combined with bevacizumab may be options for the prevention of corneal neovascularization.

Tissue reaction to urogynecologic meshes: effect of steroid soaking in two different mesh models.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Steroid soaking may decrease mesh-triggered inflammatory reaction in tissue. We aimed to investigate the tissue reaction to a steroid-soaked mesh material and an unsoaked mesh material in the rat model. METHODS: Neutral and steroid-soaked type I macroporous polypropylene (PP) monofilament and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVF) mesh materials were implanted on the rectus abdominis muscle of 20 mature Wistar albino rats. Animals were divided into four groups: PP mesh with steroid (PP-S), PP mesh without steroid, PVF mesh with steroid (PVF-S), and PVF mesh without steroid. The rats were killed after 12 weeks, and histologic, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic examinations were performed. For immunohistochemical analysis, polyclonal rabbit anti-mouse CD3, rabbit anti-mouse CD68, rabbit anti-mouse CD15, and rabbit anti-mouse CD34 antibodies were used for the detection of lymphocytes, macrophages, polymorphonuclear leukocyte foreign body giant cells, and fibromyocyte stem cells, respectively. Samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for the histologic evaluation of inflammation and with Masson's trichrome stain for the evaluation of collagen deposition. Pore size and mesh ultrastructure were evaluated by electron microscopy. RESULTS: Expression of CD3 was lower in the PVF, PVF-S and PP-S groups, and expression of CD34 was higher in the PVF-S and PP-S groups than in the PP groups (p < 0.05). Collagen deposition was lower in the PVF, PVF-S and PP-S groups (p < 0.05). Histologically, the intensity of inflammation was lower in the PVF-S and PP-S groups than in the PP mesh group (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences among the groups in terms of pore size and mesh ultrastructure on electron microscopic examination (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: PVF mesh induces less inflammation than PP mesh, and in both mesh types steroid soaking further decreases inflammation without changing the pore size.

[Investigation of the effect of ibuprofen on wound healing in experimental Staphylococcus aureus soft tissue infections]. / Deneysel Staphylococcus aureus yumusak doku enfeksiyonlarinda ibuprofenin yara iyilesmesi üzerindeki etkisinin arastirilmasi.

Soft tissue infections (STIs) occur as a result of the colonization of pathogenic bacteria upon the destruction of normal skin microbial flora and the skin integrity. Streptococci and staphylococci are the most frequent causes of bacterial STIs. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen are often used in STIs because of their analgesic and antipyretic effects. However, evidence suggests that these drugs might delay both epithelization and angiogenesis in the early phases of wound healing because of an antiproliferative effect. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ibuprofen on the wound healing in STIs caused by Staphylococcus aureus in immunosuppressed mice. A total of 120 female Balb/c mice were used in the study and the mice were assigned to four test groups and two control groups. The test groups were defined as follows; B (Bacteria group, n= 23), BI (Bacteria + Ibuprofen group, n= 23), BA (Bacteria + Ampicillin group, n= 23), BIA (Bacteria + Ampicillin + Ibuprofen group, n= 21); and the control groups were defined as follows; S1B2 (only immunosuppressed controls, n= 15) and S2B2 (Sham group). Immunosupression was induced with cyclophosphamide and the experimental infection was generated by subcutaneous inoculation of bacterial suspension (2 x 10(8) cfu/ml) of methicillin-sensitive S.aureus ATCC 25923 to the right hind leg. Ibuprofen was given to the mice by gastric gavage (50 mg/kg/day), and ampicillin (100 mg/kg/day) by intramuscular injection. Wound sizes that appear in the animals were measured on a daily basis. Serum and tissue (epithelial tissue, connective tissue, sebaceous glands, sweat glands) samples were obtained on the first, third and seventh days. The tissue samples were examined histopathologically by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining method and IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α and VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) levels were determined in serum samples by ELISA method. The tissue cytokine reactions were also evaluated by immunohistochemical (immunoperoxidase staining) method in tissue samples. In our study, no significant change was detected in the wound sizes of B and BI groups from the second day to the end of study period (p> 0.05). On the other hand the wound dimensions of BA and BIA groups gradually decreased and remained superficial. The average serum levels of TNF-α and IL-1 was detected low in all groups. The mean value of serum IL-6 on the first day in group B was determined to be higher compared to other groups, and when this difference was compared to groups BI and BA, and the control group, it was found statistically significant (p< 0.05). In addition, the VEGF levels which were detected low in all groups in the third day of infection increased significantly at the seventh day. The results of histopathologic and immunohistochemical studies have supported the results of ELISA and yielded similar results with serum cytokine patterns. In conclusion, our data indicated that ibuprofen has no negative effect on the wound healing in soft-tissue infections caused by S.aureus.

Aluminium sulphate exposure increases oxidative stress and suppresses brain development in Ross broiler chicks.

BACKGROUND: Aluminium (Al) is known to have neurotoxic effects that can result in oxidative damage to a range of cellular biomolecules. These effects appear to be of significance in the developmental stages of the brain. We therefore investigated the oxidative and histopathological damage induced by Al during growth and development of the chick brain. MATERIAL/METHODS: We used a chick embryonic development model, with Al treatment of 500 µg Al sulphate in 0.1 ml saline injected into the egg air chambers at the beginning of their incubation period. The effects on chick-brain growth and development were then assessed at term (day 21). Determination of malondialdehyde and glutathione levels were used as relevant biological measures for increased oxidative stress in terms of lipid peroxidation and biochemical oxidative damage, respectively. Furthermore, we also monitored neuronal degeneration as estimated stereologically using the Cavalieri brain volume estimation tool. RESULTS: This Al treatment showed significantly increased MDA levels and decreased GSH levels, as indicators of increased biochemical oxidative damage. This was accompanied by significantly decreased brain volume, as a measure of neuronal degeneration during brain development in this chick embryonic development model. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to Al during chick embryonic development results in increased oxidative stress in the brain that is accompanied by neuronal degeneration.

Effect of bevacizumab and everolimus combination treatment on peritoneal sclerosis in an experimental rat model.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether bevacizumab and everolimus combination therapy is superior to bevacizumab treatment alone as a treatment for peritoneal sclerosis. Forty Wistar albino rats were divided into five equal groups. The control group received isotonic saline solution (2 mL/day) intraperitoneal (IP) daily for 3 weeks. The CG group received 2 mL 0.1% chlorhexidine gluconate (CG) and 15% ethanol dissolved in saline IP daily for 3 weeks. Peritoneal tissue samples were taken at the end of 3 weeks. The resting group received CG (weeks 0-3), plus isotonic saline solution (2 mL/day) IP daily and tap water (2 mL/day) via a feeding tube daily (weeks 3-6).The bevacizumab group received CG (weeks 1-3) plus bevacizumab at 2.5 mg/kg/day (2 mL) IP daily and tap water (2 mL/day) via a feeding tube daily (weeks 3-6). The bevacizumab+everolimus group received CG (weeks 1-3) plus bevacizumab at 2.5 mg/kg/day (2 mL) IP daily and everolimus at 0.3 mg/kg/day (2 mL) via a feeding tube daily (weeks 3-6). Peritoneal tissue samples were taken from these three groups at the end of 6 weeks and were examined after staining with hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome. Inflammation, vasculopathy, fibrosis, and peritoneal thickness were evaluated under light microscopy. The samples were also stained with anti-TGF-ß and anti-MMP-2. Inflammation and vasculopathy scores were significantly decreased in the VEGF-i group compared to the CG group. The addition of everolimus to VEGF-i showed significantly lower inflammation, vasculopathy, fibrosis scores, and an evident decrease in peritoneal thickening (respectively, 2.29 ± 0.76 vs 0.57 ± 0.53, P = .003; 2.71 ± 0.76 vs 1.43 ± 0.53, P = .008; 2.57 ± 0.79 vs 1.57 ± 0.79, P = .04; 247.5 ± 136.1 vs 84.5 ± 48.6, P = .048). MMP-2 levels were lower in the combination group compared to the resting group (2.63 ± 0.74 vs 1.86 ± 0.38, P = .019). The study results demonstrated that bevacizumab and everolimus combination therapy was more effective than bevacizumab therapy alone.

Dose-dependent effects of adalimumab in neonatal rats with hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced intestinal damage.

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) has an important role in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced intestinal damage. It was shown that blocking TNF-α with infliximab has beneficial effects on experimental necrotizing enterocolitis and hypoxic intestinal injury. However, there is no data about the effect of adalimumab on H/R-induced intestinal damage. Therefore, we aimed to determine potential dose-dependent benefits of adalimumab in such damage in neonatal rats. Wistar albino rat pups were assigned to one of the four groups: control group, hypoxia group, low-dose adalimumab (5 mg/kg/day) treated group (LDAT), and high-dose adalimumab (50 mg/kg/day) treated group (HDAT). On the fourth day of the experiment, all rats except for the control group were exposed to H/R followed by euthanasia. Malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), TNF-α, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and total oxidant capacity (TOC) were measured in intestinal tissue. TAC and TOC values were used to calculate the oxidative stress index (OSI). Histopathological injury scores (HIS) were also evaluated in the tissue samples. MDA levels were significantly lower in the LDAT and HDAT groups (p < 0.001). TNF-α levels were significantly lower in the LDAT group (p < 0.001). OSI was significantly higher in the H/R group than in the control and LDAT groups (p < 0.001). Mean HIS values in the LDAT group were significantly lower than those in the H/R and HDAT groups (p < 0.001). This experimental study showed that low-dose adalimumab appears to have a beneficial effect on intestinal injury induced with H/R in neonatal rats.

The comparison of tracheostomy and translaryngeal intubation regarding free radical formation and pulmonary effects.

BACKGROUND: Our aim in this study was to compare the blood gas changes, the malondialdehyde (MDA) and endogenous antioxidant glutathione (GSH) levels in blood and lung tissues after ischemia/reperfusion, the histopathological damage in lung tissue in rats provided respiratory support with mechanical ventilation after translaryngeal intubation and tracheostomy. METHODS: Group 1 rats were provided mechanical ventilator support after translaryngeal intubation, Group 2 mechanical ventilator support after tracheostomy, and Group 3 was the control group where rats were only anesthetized. Three groups were compared for blood gas changes, MDA, GSH, and histopathological changes. RESULTS: Blood gas evaluation showed a more marked increase in pO2 values and decline in pCO2 values in Group 2 than Group 1 (p<0.05), and higher serum MDA levels in Group 1 than Group 2 (p<0.05). Tissue GSH levels in Groups 1 and 2 were higher than the control group, but this difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). In terms of histopathological scoring, the damage score in Group 1 was higher than in Group 2 (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: This is the first study to show tracheostomy to be more advantageous than translaryngeal intubation in terms of blood gases, ischemia/reperfusion damage, and structural changes in the lung tissue.

The Effect of Vascular Graft and Human Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived CD34+ Stem Cell on Peripheral Nerve Healing.

AIM: There are many trials concerning peripheral nerve damage causes and treatment options. Unfortunately, nerve damage is still a major problem regarding health, social and economic issues. On this study, we used vascular graft and human cord blood derived stem cells to find an alternative treatment solution to this problem. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We used 21 female Wistar rats on our study. They were anesthetized with ketamine and we studied right hind limbs. On Group 1, we did a full layer cut on the right sciatic nerve. On Group 2, we did a full layer cut on the right sciatic nerve, and we covered synthetic vascular graft on cut area. On Group 3, we did a full layer cut on right sciatic nerve, and we covered the area with stem cell applied vascular graft. RESULTS: At the end of postoperative 8. weeks, we performed EMG on the rats. When we compared healthy and degenerated areas as a result of EMG, we found significant amplitude differences between the groups on healthy areas whereas there was no significant difference on degenerated areas between the groups. Then we re-opened the operated area again to reveal the sciatic nerve cut area, and we performed electron microscope evaluation. On the stem cell group, we observed that both the axon and the myelin sheet prevented degeneration. CONCLUSION: This study is a first on using synthetic vascular graft and cord blood derived CD34+ cells in peripheral nerve degeneration. On the tissues that were examined with electron microscope, we observed that CD34+ cells prevented both axonal and myelin sheath degeneration. Nerve tissue showed similar results to the control group, and the damage was minimal.

Linezolid compared with vancomycin for the prevention of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus or Staphylococcus epidermidis vascular graft infection in rats: A randomized, controlled, experimental study.

BACKGROUND: Graft infections are severe complications of vascular surgery that may result in amputation or mortality. Staphylococci are the most frequent cause of vascular graft infections. OBJECTIVE: In this study we assessed the prophylactic efficacy of linezolid in comparison with vancomycin in preventing prosthetic vascular graft infection due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE). METHODS: This randomized, controlled, experimental study using healthy adult (aged >5 months) male Wistar rats was conducted in the research laboratory of the Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey. The study consisted of an uncontaminated control group and 3 groups for both staphylococcal strains: a contaminated group that did not receive any antibiotic prophylaxis; a contaminated group that received preoperative intraperitoneal (IP) prophylaxis with vancomycin; and a contaminated group that received preoperative IP prophylaxis with linezolid. All rats received a vascular Dacron graft placed inside a subcutaneous pocket created on the right side of the median line. Sterile saline solution (1 mL), to which MRSA or MRSE at a concentration of 2 × 10(7) colony-forming units per milliliter had been added, was inoculated onto the graft surface using a tuberculin syringe to fill the pocket. The grafts were explanted 7 days after implantation and assessed by quantitative culture. RESULTS: Seventy rats (mean [SD]weight, 323.7 [17.9]g; mean [SD]age, 5.98 [0.64] months) were evenly divided between the 7 groups. Statistical analysis of the quantitative graft culture suggested that both vancomycin and linezolid were effective in significantly inhibiting bacterial growth when compared with the untreated contaminated groups (all, P < 0.001). However, a statistically significant difference was not observed between the bacteria count in the vancomycin and linezolid prophylaxis groups. When a comparison was made between the bacterial growth in the contaminated control groups, MRSA had significantly greater affinity to the Dacron prostheses than MRSE (all, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Our study found that linezolid was as effective as vancomycin in suppressing colony counts in MRSA- or MRSE-infected vascular Dacron grafts in rats.

Effectiveness of Palatal Mucosa Graft in Surgical Treatment of Sub-Glottic Stenosis.

OBJECTIVES: Mucosal free grafts may be successfully applied in many surgical interventions. This study aims at investigating the feasibility of palatal mucosa graft in sub-glottic field in an animal model. METHODS: This randomized prospective controlled study was conducted with an animal model. Sub-glottic inflammation was created in 15 adult rabbits in each group and sub-glottic stenosis surgery was applied thereafter. The rabbits in group 1 (control group) underwent segmental resection, partial cricoidectomy, and trachea-thyroid cartilage anastomosis; the rabbits in group 2 underwent segmental resection, cricoplasty, and crico-tracheal anastomosis using free buccal mucosa graft; and the rabbits in group 3 underwent segmental resection, cricoplasty, and crico-tracheal anastomosis using free palatal mucosa graft. Re-stenosis was evaluated after 42 days. RESULTS: The percentages of stenosis were 27%±20%, 40%±20%, and 34%±23% for group 1, 2, and 3, respectively and the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.29). Intensive and tight fibrosis was observed in 2 rabbits (13%) in group 1, in 5 rabbits (33%) in group 2, and in 3 rabbits (20%) in group 3. There was not a statistically significant difference between groups (P=0.41). Excessive inflammation was observed in 3 rabbits (20%) in group 1, in 7 rabbits (47%) in group 2, and 3 rabbits (20%) in group 3. There was no a statistically significant difference between groups although inflammation rate was higher in the rabbits which underwent buccal mucosa graft (P=0.18). CONCLUSION: The surgical treatments applied with free mucosa graft reduced anastomosis tension through enabling anastomosis to the distal of cricoid instead of thyroid cartilage. Free palatal mucosa grafts may be used in sub-glottic field, one of the most challenging fields of trachea surgery, due to ease of application and rapid vascularization.

Oxidative stress of crystalline lens in rat menopausal model.

PURPOSE: To evaluate lenticular oxidative stress in rat menopausal models. METHODS: Forty Wistar female albino rats were included in this study. A total of thirty rats underwent oophorectomy to generate a menopausal model. Ten rats that did not undergo oophorectomy formed the control group (Group 1). From the rats that underwent oophorectomy, 10 formed the menopause control group (Group 2), 10 were administered a daily injection of methylprednisolone until the end of the study (Group 3), and the remaining 10 rats were administered intraperitoneal streptozocin to induce diabetes mellitus (Group 4). Total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and oxidative stress index (OSI) measurements of the crystalline lenses were analyzed. RESULTS: The mean OSI was the lowest in group 1 and highest in group 4. Nevertheless, the difference between the groups was not statistically significant in terms of OSI (p >0.05). The mean TOS values were similar between the groups (p >0.05), whereas the mean TAC of group 1 was significantly higher than that of the other groups (p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that menopause may not promote cataract formation.

The effects of estradiol and progesterone on the synthesis of collagen in tracheal surgery.

OBJECTIVE: Estrogen and progesterone have the decreasing effect on massive collagen synthesis in wound healing. Here, it is aimed to determine their decreasing effect on collagen accumulation and fibroblast proliferation in trachea histologically and to understand if they would be protective for tracheal stenosis. METHODS: Thirteen male Winstar rats were divided randomly into two groups: estrogen-progesterone group (group 1, eight rats) and control group (group 2, five rats). Under general anesthesia, tracheas were incised vertically extending from second to fifth tracheal ring. Incision was closed with absorbable sutures. Estrodiol benzoat and progesterone was given intramuscularly to estrogen progesterone group, saline solution to control group. After 4 weeks they were sacrificed and tracheas were excised. Horizontal cross section of the narrowest part of the incised trachea was examined histologically. Epithelial regeneration, inflammatory cell infiltration, angiogenesis, fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition were evaluated by histological grading. RESULTS: Statistically significant difference was found between the groups in collagen deposition and fibroblast proliferation (p=0.011, <0.05). For epithelial regeneration, inflammatory cell infiltration, and angiogenesis there was no difference. CONCLUSION: As a result, it was proved that sex hormones inhibit massive collagen deposition and fibroblast proliferation in wound healing of tracheal surgery. Hence, they may prevent tracheal stenosis.

Effects of menopause, diabetes mellitus and steroid use on type I mesh-induced tissue reaction in a rat model.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of menopause, use of steroids, diabetes mellitus, and site of implantation on the tissue response to type I polypropylene mesh used in pelvic reconstructive surgery. STUDY DESIGN: Forty mature female albino rats were used in the study. Inflammatory reaction and mesh-tissue detachment strength were studied in 4 different animal models; control (GI), menopause (GII), steroid+menopause (GIII), and diabetes mellitus+menopause (GIV) groups. Two pieces of 1cm×1cm type I macro porous polypropylene monofilament mesh were fixed over rectus abdominis muscle on both sides of the midline, and 0.5cm×0.5cm in size was placed into paravaginal area. Nine weeks later, implanted sling materials in the vaginal region and the right abdominal side were harvested with surrounding tissue for histopathologic examination, whereas the left sided meshes were used for the mechanical testing of detachment strength. RESULTS: The mean detachment strengths in groups were, 595±274g for GI, 410±161g for GII, 610±202g for GIII, and 457±250g for GIV (p>0.008). Inflammatory process was more intense in menopause and DM+menopause groups for both abdominal and vaginal tissues (p<0.008). There was no difference between control and steroid+menopause groups, and DM+menopause and menopause groups (p>0.008). Comparison of tissue reaction caused by meshes in abdominal and vaginal area showed more intense granulocyte infiltration in abdominal region whereas more prominent inflammation and necrosis in the vaginal site (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The abdominal and vaginal region show differences in tissue reaction to type I mesh, and menopause was the most determining factor on the intensity of mesh induced inflammatory response.

Alteration of drug metabolizing enzymes in sulphite oxidase deficiency.

The aim of this study was to investigate the possible effects of sulphite oxidase (SOX, E.C. 1.8.3.1) deficiency on xenobiotic metabolism. For this purpose, SOX deficiency was produced in rats by the administration of a low molybdenum diet with concurrent addition of 200 ppm tungsten to their drinking water. First, hepatic SOX activity in deficient groups was measured to confirm SOX deficiency. Then, aminopyrine N-demethylase, aniline 4-hydroxylase, aromatase, caffeine N-demethylase, cytochrome b5 reductase, erythromycin N-demethylase, ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase, glutathione S-transferase, N-nitrosodimethylamine N-demethylase and penthoxyresorufin O-deethylase activities were determined to follow changes in the activity of drug metabolizing enzymes in SOX-deficient rats. Our results clearly demonstrated that SOX deficiency significantly elevated A4H, caffeine N-demethylase, erythromycin N-demethylase and N-nitrosodimethylamine N-demethylase activities while decreasing ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase and aromatase activities. These alterations in drug metabolizing enzymes can contribute to the varying susceptibility and response of sulphite-sensitive individuals to different drugs and/or therapeutics used for treatments.

Liver lipid peroxidation in experimental Escherichia coli peritonitis: the role of myeloperoxidase and nitric oxide inhibition.

BACKGROUND: The pathogenic mechanism of peritonitis is complex. The role of nitric oxide (NO) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in liver lipid peroxidation accompanying bacterial peritonitis was evaluated. MATERIAL/METHODS: Peritonitis was induced by 0.2-ml intraperitoneal application of 10(5) (low E. coli) or 2 x 10(8) CFU/ml (high E. coli) E. coli isolated from a bacteriemic patient. A nonspecific nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, L-N(G)-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 8 mg/kg i.p.) was given to determine the potential involvement of nitric oxide. Female mice were divided into five groups: controls, low E. coli, low E. coli + L-NAME, high E. coli, and high E. coli + L-NAME. After 24 hours, peritoneal lavage fluids and hepatic tissue samples were obtained for microbiological and biochemical evaluation. Hepatic tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured to determine the free radical-induced lipid peroxidation in peritonitis. RESULTS: MDA levels were increased in the high, but not in the low, E. coli group (p0.001) compared with the controls. MDA levels were lower in the high E. coli + L-NAME group than in the high E. coli group, but still higher than in the control group (p0.01). Liver myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities were increased in the high E. coli group (p0.01), but not in the low E. coli group. L-NAME increased myeloperoxidase activities in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: These results are consistent with the notion that NO and MPO contribute in liver tissue lipid peroxidation in peritonitis. NO may have different effects in hepatic damage depending on the severity of infection.