RESUMO
QUESTIONS INVESTIGATED: The recent emergence of arboviruses such as Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) in Brazil has posed a threat to human health and to the country's economy. Outbreaks occur mainly in tropical areas; however, increasing number of cases have been observed in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), the Southernmost state; therefore, surveillance of these arboviruses is essential for public health measures. DESIGN: In this study, we analyzed 1276 samples from patients with clinically suspected arboviral diseases between 2014 and 2016. Demographic and clinical data were collected and described; cases of microcephaly associated with congenital infection were analyzed. ESSENTIAL FINDINGS: Results show that CHIKV and ZIKV entered RS in 2014 and 2015, respectively, with imported cases confirmed. Autochthonous infections occurred in 2016 for both viruses, with a total of 5 autochthonous cases for CHIKV and 44 for ZIKV. Most patients were older than 21 years; the main symptoms were fever, arthralgia, myalgia, and headache; rash, conjunctivitis, and pruritus were also reported in ZIKV cases. Three cases of congenital Zika syndrome were confirmed in our study, while another 20 cases of microcephaly associated with congenital infection were confirmed (10 positive for syphilis, 6 for toxoplasmosis and 4 for cytomegalovirus). MAIN CONCLUSIONS: Considering co-circulation of different arbovirus in RS, including Dengue virus, CHIKV, and ZIKV, and the presence of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in the area, surveillance of patients infected by these viruses contributes to the control and prevention of such diseases. Practical difficulties in diagnosing these infections are discussed.
Assuntos
Infecções por Arbovirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Arbovirus/virologia , Arbovírus , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/virologia , Vigilância em Saúde Pública , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Anticorpos Antivirais/imunologia , Infecções por Arbovirus/imunologia , Infecções por Arbovirus/transmissão , Arbovírus/genética , Arbovírus/imunologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Febre de Chikungunya/epidemiologia , Febre de Chikungunya/imunologia , Febre de Chikungunya/transmissão , Febre de Chikungunya/virologia , Vírus Chikungunya/genética , Vírus Chikungunya/imunologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/imunologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/transmissão , Feminino , Geografia Médica , Humanos , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , RNA Viral , Adulto Jovem , Zika virus/genética , Zika virus/imunologia , Infecção por Zika virus/epidemiologia , Infecção por Zika virus/imunologia , Infecção por Zika virus/transmissão , Infecção por Zika virus/virologiaRESUMO
Panorama epidemiológico da transmissão da varicela no estado do Rio Grande do Sul no período de 2007 a 2016. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Varicela/prevenção & controle , Varicela/epidemiologia , Programas de Imunização , Vacina contra Varicela/administração & dosagem , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Epidemiológicos , Incidência , Sistemas de Informação em SaúdeRESUMO
Questions investigated: The recent emergence of arboviruses such as Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) in Brazil has posed a threat to human health and to the country's economy. Outbreaks occur mainly in tropical areas; however, increasing number of cases have been observed in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), the Southernmost state; therefore, surveillance of these arboviruses is essential for public health measures. Design: In this study, we analyzed 1276 samples from patients with clinically suspected arboviral diseases between 2014 and 2016. Demographic and clinical data were collected and described; cases of microcephaly associated with congenital infection were analyzed. Essential findings: Results show that CHIKV and ZIKV entered RS in 2014 and 2015, respectively, with imported cases confirmed. Autochthonous infections occurred in 2016 for both viruses, with a total of 5 autochthonous cases for CHIKV and 44 for ZIKV. Most patients were older than 21 years; the main symptoms were fever, arthralgia, myalgia, and headache; rash, conjunctivitis, and pruritus were also reported in ZIKV cases. Three cases of congenital Zika syndrome were confirmed in our study, while another 20 cases of microcephaly associated with congenital infection were confirmed (10 positive for syphilis, 6 for toxoplasmosis and 4 for cytomegalovirus). Main conclusions: Considering cocirculation of different arbovirus in RS, including Dengue virus, CHIKV, and ZIKV, and the presence of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in the area, surveillance of patients infected by these viruses contributes to the control and prevention of such diseases. Practical difficulties in diagnosing these infections are discussed. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Gravidez , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Infecções por Arbovirus/prevenção & controle , Vigilância Sanitária , Vírus Chikungunya , Monitoramento Epidemiológico , Zika virus , Aedes/classificação , Dengue , Vírus da Dengue , Vetores de Doenças/classificaçãoRESUMO
Em 18/08/2016, uma escola infantil notificou à vigilância do município de Crissiumal a ocorrência de vários casos de crianças com febre e exantema. A partir dessa informação, a equipe da vigilância, junto com médico da rede de atenção à saúde, deslocou-se até a escola para realizar avaliação clínica dos casos e fazer a investigação epidemiológica com vistas a confirmar a ocorrência de surto de doença exantemática, identificar a causa e desencadear medidas de controle. (AU)