Alcohol use and periodontal pocket development: findings from a 4-yr longitudinal study.

This study investigated whether alcohol use influences periodontal pocket development during a 4-yr follow-up period. The study included those participants who took part in both the Health 2000 Survey and the Follow-up Study on Finnish Adults' Oral Health. The participants at baseline were aged ≥30 yr, periodontally healthy, and did not have diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis. The development of periodontal pockets at follow-up was measured as the number of teeth with periodontal pockets and the presence of periodontal pockets. Alcohol use at baseline was measured as g/wk, frequency, and use over the risk limit. Incidence rate ratios with 95% CI were estimated using negative binomial regression models and Poisson regression models with a robust variance estimator. No consistent association was found between any of the alcohol variables and periodontal pocket development in the total population or among non-smokers. Among smokers, a positive association was found with the frequency of alcohol use. In general, risk estimates were slightly higher for women than for men. In summary, light-to-moderate alcohol use appears not to be consistently associated with the development of periodontal pockets. The adverse effects on the periodontium seem, to some extent, to be dependent on gender and smoking.

Intake of different alcoholic beverages and periodontal condition.

Objective: The objective of this study is to study the association of alcoholic beverages and serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) level with periodontal condition. Material and methods: The study included 4294 dentate, non-diabetic Finnish adults aged 30-65 years who underwent periodontal examination during the Health 2000 Survey. The number of teeth with deepened (≥4 mm) periodontal pockets was the outcome. The exposures were self-reported beverage-specific alcohol intake (amount and frequency) and serum GGT level. The relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were obtained by fitting zero-inflated negative binomial regression models. Results: We found no consistent association of either the intake of different alcoholic beverages or GGT level with the number of teeth with deepened periodontal pockets in the total study population or among the non-smokers. Among the highly educated non-smokers, spirit intake was associated with a low likelihood of having teeth with deepened periodontal pockets; RRs varied between 0.3 and 0.8. Among the non-smokers who had basic or intermediate education, spirit intake was associated with a higher likelihood of having teeth with deepened periodontal pockets; RRs varied between 1.2 and 1.8. Conclusion: In general, neither the intake of different alcoholic beverages nor the GGT level was consistently associated with the number of teeth with deepened periodontal pockets.

Association between alcohol use and periodontal pockets in Finnish adult population.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether alcohol use is associated with deepened periodontal pockets and whether this association is dependent on age, gender or socioeconomic position (SEP). MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study, based on the Health 2000 Survey, consisted of dentate, non-smoking Finnish adults aged 30-65 years (n = 3059). The outcome was the number of teeth with deepened (≥4 mm) periodontal pockets. The exposure was self-reported alcohol use assessed as amount, frequency, and use over the risk limit. Zero-inflated negative binomial regression models were used to estimate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS: In this study, alcohol use did not consistently associate with the number of teeth with deepened periodontal pockets. An association with the number of teeth with deepened periodontal pockets was found among men, older participants, and those participants belonging to basic or intermediate educational groups. An association with poor periodontal health was observed among men or older participants who belonged to the basic or intermediate educational group, whereas such associations were not observed among those participants belonging to the higher educational group. CONCLUSIONS: The association between alcohol use and periodontal health appears to be confounded by individual characteristics such as age, gender, and especially one's SEP.

Alcohol use and the development of periodontal pockets: An 11-year follow-up study.

BACKGROUND: This study investigates whether alcohol use predicts the periodontal pocket development over an 11-year follow-up period. METHODS: The study participants' periodontal condition was examined both in the Health 2000 and 2011 Surveys (BRIF8901). Participants were aged 30 to 65 years, dentate, periodontally healthy, and did not have diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis in 2000. Periodontal outcome measures in 2011 were the number of teeth with deepened (≥4 mm) periodontal pockets and the presence of deepened periodontal pockets. The exposure in 2000 was alcohol use (amount [g/week], frequency [any alcohol or different beverages]). Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using negative binomial regression model and Poisson regression model with a robust variance estimator. RESULTS: Overall, the amount of alcohol use or use over the risk limit in 2000 was inconsistently associated with the development of periodontal pockets (IRRs varied from 0.6 to 1.0). The frequency of alcohol use (any alcohol or different beverages) had an inconsistent association with the presence of periodontal pockets (IRRs varied from 0.5 to 1.2) while there was an inverse association with the number of teeth with periodontal pockets. Among smokers, there were no clear associations between any of the exposures and either of the outcomes. The same was found among non-smokers except an inverse association was found between frequency of alcohol use and the number of teeth with periodontal pockets. CONCLUSION: Alcohol use was not consistently associated with the periodontal pocket development over a period of 11 years.