Notable surgical trials in gynecologic oncology: a 10-year overview.

In the last decade, we have witnessed important advances in novel therapeutics in the management of gynecologic cancers. These studies have built on the findings from preexisting data and have provided incremental contributions leading to changes that have not only impacted the accuracy of cancer detection and its metastatic components but also led to improvements in oncologic outcomes and quality of life. Key landmark trials have changed the standard of care in cervix, uterine, and ovarian cancer. A number of these have been controversial and have generated significant debate among gynecologic oncologists. The main objective of this review was to provide an overview on each of these trials as a reference for immediate and consolidated access to the study aims, methodology, results, and conclusion.

Surgical site infection prevention bundle in gynecology oncology surgery: a key element in the implementation of an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) program.

Surgical site infection rates are among 5-35% in all gynecologic oncology procedures. Such infections lead to increased patient morbidity, reduction in quality of life, higher likelihood of readmissions, and reinterventions, which contribute directly to mortality and increase in health-related costs. Some of these are potentially preventable by applying evidence-based strategies in the peri-operative patient setting. The objective of this review is to provide recommendations for the individual components that most commonly comprise the surgical site infection prevention bundles that could be implemented in gynecologic oncology procedures. We searched articles from relevant publications with specific topics related to each surgical site infection intervention chosen to be reviewed. Studies on each topic were selected with an emphasis on meta-analyses, systematic reviews, randomized control studies, non-randomized controlled studies, reviews, clinical practice guidelines, and case series. Data synthesis was done through content and thematic analysis to identify key themes in the included studies. This review intends to serve as the most up-to-date frame of evidence-based peri-operative care in our specialty and could serve as the first initiative to introduce an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) program.

Impact of timing of urinary catheter removal on voiding dysfunction after radical hysterectomy for early cervical cancer.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether the timing of postoperative urinary catheter removal is associated with voiding dysfunction after radical hysterectomy for early cervical cancer within contemporary surgical practice. METHODS: We performed an institutional retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent Piver type II-III open or minimally invasive radical hysterectomy for early-stage cervical cancer (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) 2009 stage IA1 with lymphovascular invasion to stage IIA) between January 2006 and December 2019. We compared voiding dysfunction (inability to spontaneously void with a post-void residual <100 mL after catheter removal) and outcomes based on postoperative timing of urinary catheter removal using univariate and multivariate logistic regressions. RESULTS: Among 234 patients, 86 (36.8%) underwent open surgery and 112 (47.9%) used enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathways. 29 (12.4%) patients had urinary catheter removal between 1-5 days postoperatively (group 1), 141 (60.3%) between 6-10 days (group 2), and 64 (27.3%) between 11-15 days (group 3). The overall rate of voiding dysfunction was 11.5%, with no difference between group 1 (17.2%), group 2 (11.3%), and group 3 (9.4%) (p=0.54). Group 1 had a significantly shorter time from surgery to spontaneous voiding (4 days, IQR 3-5 days) compared with group 2 (8 days, IQR 7-10 days) and group 3 (13 days, IQR 11-15 days) (p<0.01). There was no difference in hospital length of stay, urinary tract infection, or re-admission due to a genitourinary complication within 60 days of surgery based on timing of catheter removal. On multivariate analysis, the odds of voiding dysfunction did not differ by tumor size, type of hysterectomy, cancer stage, surgical approach, ERAS timeframe, or timing of catheter removal group. CONCLUSION: There was no difference in voiding dysfunction or postoperative genitourinary complications based on timing of urinary catheter removal after radical hysterectomy. Early catheter removal should be considered in this population.

Asociación del antígeno ki67 y otros factores clínico patológicos con el Score de Oncotype DX en carcinomas luminales de mama / Association of the ki67 antigen and other clinicopathological factors with the Oncotype DX Score in luminal breast carcinomas

Introducción: Los tumores luminales presentan diferencias moleculares y distinto comportamiento. El antígeno ki67 (ki67) es uno de los factores que sirve para diferenciar entre luminal A y B. Las plataformas genómicas pueden identificar qué pacientes se benefician con quimioterapia. Objetivo: Establecer si existe asociación entre ki67 y Score de Oncotype Dx o score de recurrencia (SR). Evaluar la influencia del ki67 y el SR en la decisión terapéutica, evaluar la asociación entre riesgo clínico y SR, entre invasión linfovascular (ILV) y SR y entre axila positiva (hasta 1 ganglio) y SR. Material y método: Estudio retrospectivo, observacional, descriptivo. Se incluyeron 68 pacientes con tumores luminales Her2Neu negativos, T1-T2, axila negativa o positiva hasta 1 ganglio las cuales realizaron Oncotype DX entre 2009 y 2020 en el Hospital Alemán. Se clasificaron en SR menor o igual a 25 y mayor a 25 en base al estudio TAILORX donde se demostró que globalmente no hay beneficio con quimioterapia entre 0-25. Resultados: Se observó asociación entre ki67 y SR en 44 (64,7%) pacientes y fue mayor entre ki67 bajo y SR menor o igual a 25 (77,3%). El tratamiento se basó en el SR. Se observó asociación entre riesgo clínico y SR en 43 (63,2%) pacientes y fue mayor entre bajo riesgo clínico y SR menor o igual a 25 (87,5%). En un 88,8% no existió asociación entre ILV y SR, como así tampoco, entre axila positiva hasta 1 ganglio y SR en un 85,7%. Conclusiones: Es menester ofrecer a toda paciente con un tumor luminal una plataforma genómica ya que tanto el ki67 como otros factores clínicopatológicos por sí solos no demostraron ser superiores ni suficientes.

Introduction: Luminal tumors show molecular differences and different behavior. The antigen ki67 (ki67) is one of the factors that differentiate between luminal A and B. Genomic platforms can identify which patients will benefit from chemotherapy. Objective: To establish if there is an association between ki67 and Oncotype Dx Score or recurrence score (RS). To assess the influence of ki67 and RS on the therapeutic decision, to evaluate the association between clinical risk and RS, between lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and RS, and between positive armpit (up to 1 node) and RS. Material and method: Retrospective, observational, descriptive study. We included 68 patients with negative Her2Neu luminal tumors, T1-T2, negative or positive axillary up to 1 node, who performed Oncotype DX between 2009 and 2020 at Hospital Alemán. They were classified into RS less than or equal to 25 and greater than 25 based on the TAILORX study, where it was shown that overall there is no benefit from chemothe- rapy between 0-25. Results: An association was observed between ki67 and RS in 44 (64.7%) patients and it was greater between low ki67 and RS less than or equal to 25 (77.3%). The treatment was based on RS. An association between clinical risk and RS was observed in 43 (63.2%) patients, and it was greater between low clinical risk and RS less than or equal to 25 (87.5%). In 88.8% there was no association between LVI and RS, as well as between positive axillary up to 1 node and RS in 85.7%. Conclusions: It is necessary to offer every patient with a luminal tumor a genomic platform since both ki67 and other clinicopathological factors alone did not prove to be superior or sufficient.