Comparison of Continuous positive airway pressure versus High flow nasal cannula for Oral feeding Preterm infants (CHOmP): randomized pilot study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility of conducting a study comparing nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) or heated, humidified, high flow nasal cannula (HHHFNC) on oral feeding in preterm infants. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized controlled pilot study in a level III NICU, of infants' born ≤28°/7 weeks who at 34°/7 weeks post menstrual age (PMA) were dependent on noninvasive ventilation (NIV). Infants were randomized evenly to nCPAP or HHHFNC groups and orally fed on low-flow oxygen. The primary outcomes of enrollment and retention were assessed. RESULTS: We enrolled 40 infants and 12 completed the study in the nCPAP group versus 13 in the HHHFNC group. Using our respiratory and feeding protocols, we showed overall enrollment and retention rates (95%CI) at 0.66 (0.54, 0.77) and 0.63 (0.48, 0.78), respectively. Breastfeeding rates were 82% in the nCPAP group and 76% in the HHHFNC group. Infants in the HHHFNC group reached full feeds 7 days earlier than those in the nCPAP group. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our retention rate, an adequately powered randomized controlled trial can be performed to confirm or refute that HHHFNC is associated with achieving oral feeds earlier. TRIAL REGISTRATION: United States National Library of Medicine (www.clinicaltrials.gov) Identifier: NCT02055339. First posted 2/5/2014.

Maternal antidepressant use during pregnancy and neonatal hypoglycemia: prospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate associations between maternal antidepressant use during pregnancy and hypoglycemia in term neonates. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a prospective comparative cohort study of neonates of ≥37 weeks' gestation. Neonates whose mothers used antidepressants during pregnancy were compared with randomly selected cohort of neonates whose mothers did not use antidepressants. Blood glucose was measured at 24 ± 2 h after birth. Hypoglycemia was defined as blood glucose level <2.6 mmol/L. We needed 60 patients in each group to reject the null hypothesis. RESULTS: Mean gestational ages were 39 vs. 40 weeks (p < 0.01) and birthweights were 3250 vs. 3360 g (p = 0.08) for antidepressant-exposed vs. -unexposed neonates. There were no significant differences between groups in odds of hypoglycemia (4/59: exposed vs. 2/61: unexposed; adjusted relative risk 1.73; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.37-8.92) or mean blood glucose levels. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal antidepressant use during pregnancy was not associated with neonatal hypoglycemia at 24 h of age.

Lesiones orales como única manifestación de histiocitosis de células de Langerhans / Oral lesions as a presenting sign of Langerhans cell histiocytosis

La histiocitosis de células de Langerhans es una entidad de etiología no bien establecida, antes conocida como Histiocitosis X. Engloba la triada de enfermedades: granuloma eosinófilo, la enfermedad de Hand-Schüller-Christian y la enfermedad de Letterer-Siwe. Su comportamiento clínico va desde una forma localizada hasta formas generalizadas afectando huesos, hígado, bazo, médula ósea y piel, entre otros. El presente reporte describe el caso de una niña de 3 años de edad que presenta nodulaciones en paladar duro, hiperplasia gingival en ambos maxilares, movilidad dentaria, gingivorragia y halitosis. A la cual le realizan examen de imágenes observando lesiones líticas, alteración de la densidad ósea, dientes flotantes, ausencia de gérmenes dentarios. No hubo evidencia de enfermedad en otros huesos, órganos o tejidos. La biopsia confirma el diagnóstico de Histiocitosis de células de Langerhans, iniciando tratamiento con quimioterapia y conjuntamente odontológico. Actualmente la niña ha completado su tratamiento oncológico con respuesta completa y es portadora de prótesis parcial removible en ambos maxilares.

Langerhans Cell Histiocytocis (LCH) is an entity of uncertain etiology, known previously as Histiocytosis X. It includes the following diseases: eosinophilic granuloma, Hand-Schuller-Christian disease and Letterer-Siwe disease. The clinical behavior goes from a localized lesion to a generalized involvement affecting bones, liver, spleen, bone narrow and skin. Ths report describes the case of a 3-year-old girl who presented with nodulesin the heart palate, gum hyperplasia of both maxilary bones, loose teeth, gum bleeding and halitosis. X-ray exams revealed lytic lesions, abnormal bone density, floating teeth, absence of dental germs. There was no evidence of disease in other bones, organs or tissues. A surgical biopsy was performed and confirmed the diagnosis of LCH. Chemotherapy treatment was begun as well as dental care. The patient has completed chemotherapy at this time with a complete response. She is wearing a partial removable prosthesis for both maxilary bones.