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1.
Sci Total Environ ; 845: 157213, 2022 Nov 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35810913

RESUMO

River sediment, the most crucial component of the land-ocean interaction, is enduring substantial changes worldwide because of anthropogenic alterations and climate change. Our study assesses the interaction of sediment load variability and yield to the rainfall, land-use, and dam constructions at both spatial and temporal scales in the Godavari and its major tributaries. The most important river basin in Peninsular India, the Godavari, has witnessed a dramatic decline (p-value <0.001) in sediment load over the past five decades, with average annual rates of 2 million tonnes (Mt) yr-1. Sediment load in the Godavari reduced from 150 Mt between 1970 and 1979, to 115 Mt in 1980-1989, 98 Mt in 1990-1999, 48 Mt in 2000-2009, and 47 Mt in 2010-2019, respectively. While sediment load in the Godavari and its major tributaries is declining significantly, the rainfall showed an overall insignificant increasing trend barring the Sabari sub-catchment, where the rainfall is increasing at a significant rate of 7 mm yr-1 (p-value = 0.001). Twenty-five sub-basins in the Godavari showed a large variation in sediment yield (28 to 3404 t km-2 yr-1). Our results revealed that spatial variability in sediment yield is primarily associated with both rainfall and land-use pattern. The temporal variation in sediment load in the Godavari and Pranhita is associated with intensified human activities during the most recent decades, while climate is the primary controlling factor in Indravati and Sabari sub-catchments. Sediment entrapment under a high rate of siltation by reservoirs in the Godavari has sharply reduced the sediment flux to the Bay of Bengal, causing aggravated delta erosion by wave actions. The findings of this study have significant implications for understanding the complex interrelationship between the management of reservoirs, land use, sediment loads, denudation, and coastal erosion in the Godavari catchment.


Assuntos
Monitoramento Ambiental , Sedimentos Geológicos , Efeitos Antropogênicos , Mudança Climática , Humanos , Rios
2.
J Pediatr Intensive Care ; 10(2): 110-117, 2021 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33884211

RESUMO

Sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score is used as a predictor of outcome of sepsis in the pediatric intensive care unit. The aim of the study is to determine the application of SOFA scores as a predictor of outcome in children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit with a diagnosis of sepsis. The design involved is prospective observational study. The study took place at the multidisciplinary pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), tertiary care hospital, South India. The patients included are children, aged 1 month to 18 years admitted with a diagnosis of sepsis (suspected/proven) to a single center PICU in India from November 2017 to November 2019. Data collected included the demographic, clinical, laboratory, and outcome-related variables. Severity of illness scores was calculated to include SOFA score day 1 (SF1) and day 3 (SF3) using a pediatric version (pediatric SOFA score or pSOFA) with age-adjusted cutoff variables for organ dysfunction, pediatric risk of mortality III (PRISM III; within 24 hours of admission), and pediatric logistic organ dysfunction-2 or PELOD-2 (days 1, 3, and 5). A total of 240 patients were admitted to the PICU with septic shock during the study period. The overall mortality rate was 42 of 240 patients (17.5%). The majority (59%) required mechanical ventilation, while only 19% required renal replacement therapy. The PRISM III, PELOD-2, and pSOFA scores correlated well with mortality. All three severity of illness scores were higher among nonsurvivors as compared with survivors ( p < 0.001). pSOFA scores on both day 1 (area under the curve or AUC 0.84) and day 3 (AUC 0.87) demonstrated significantly higher discriminative power for in-hospital mortality as compared with PRISM III (AUC, 0.7), and PELOD-2 (day 1, [AUC, 0.73]), and PELOD-2 (day 3, [AUC, 0.81]). Utilizing a cutoff SOFA score of >8, the relative risk of prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation, requirement for vasoactive infusions (vasoactive infusion score), and PICU length of stay were all significantly increased ( p < 0.05), on both days 1 and 3. On multiple logistic regression, adjusted odds ratio of mortality was elevated at 8.65 (95% CI: 3.48-21.52) on day 1 and 16.77 (95% confidence interval or CI: 4.7-59.89) on day 3 ( p < 0.001) utilizing the same SOFA score cutoff of 8. A positive association was found between the delta SOFA ([Δ] SOFA) from day 1 to day 3 (SF1-SF3) and in-hospital mortality (chi-square for linear trend, p < 0.001). Subjects with a ΔSOFA of ≥2 points had an exponential mortality rate to 50%. Similar association was-observed between ΔSOFA of ≥2 and-longer duration of inotropic support ( p = 0.0006) with correlation co-efficient 0.2 (95% CI: 0.15-0.35; p = 0.01). Among children admitted to the PICU with septic shock, SOFA scores on both days 1 and 3, have a greater discriminative power for predicting in-hospital mortality than either PRISM III score (within 24 hours of admission) or PELOD-2 score (days 1 and 3). An increase in ΔSOFA of >2 adds additional prognostic accuracy in determining not only mortality risk but also duration of inotropic support as well.

4.
Indian Pediatr ; 61(5): 496, 2024 May 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38217272
5.
Theriogenology ; 65(7): 1392-400, 2006 Apr 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16221486

RESUMO

Role of nitric oxide (NO) in regulating the reproductive functions at hypothalamo-hypophysealovarian axis in Japanese quail was studied. In first experiment, metabolites of NO, i.e. nitrite and nitrate (NO2 and NO3) were estimated together in hypothalamus, serum and ovarian follicles of good and poor layers. In the second experiment, different NO modulators such as L-arginine (L-Arg), sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, HCl (L-NAME) were administered to the birds. In the first experiment, significantly higher (P < 0.01) NO2 and NO3 levels in serum, hypothalamus and largest (F1) ovarian follicles were observed in good layers as compared to poor layers. Higher (P < 0.05) NO2 and NO3 concentration was observed in F1 follicles than smaller follicles (F2) only in good layers. The NO2 and NO3 concentration was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in post ovulatory follicles (POFs) in comparison to F1 and F2 follicles. In the second experiment, the serum NO2 and NO3 concentrations were higher (P < 0.05) in the SNP, lower (P < 0.05) in the L-Name group and unchanged in the L-Arg treated group in comparison to control group. compared to control, L-Arg and SNP increased (P < 0.05) the hypothalamic NO2 and NO3 concentration where as L-NAME reduced (P < 0.05) these levels. The NO2 and NO3 concentration was increased (P < 0.05) as the follicle size increased and it was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in POFs. The higher (P < 0.05) follicular NO2 and NO3 concentration was observed in L-Arg group in comparison to control group. Egg production was also found to be higher (P < 0.05) in L-Arg group whereas it was not different (P > 0.05) in SNP and L-NAME treated groups. The yolk weight and yolk to albumin ratio was reduced (P < 0.05) in L-NAME group in comparison to control group. It may be concluded from the present study that NO plays a key role in regulating follicular development, ovulatory mechanisms and egg production in Japanese quail.


Assuntos
Coturnix/fisiologia , Óxido Nítrico/fisiologia , Folículo Ovariano/fisiologia , Oviposição , Óvulo/fisiologia , Animais , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Feminino , Hipotálamo/química , NG-Nitroarginina Metil Éster/farmacologia , Nitratos/análise , Nitratos/sangue , Óxido Nítrico Sintase/antagonistas & inibidores , Nitritos/análise , Nitritos/sangue , Nitroprussiato/farmacologia , Folículo Ovariano/química
6.
Biotechnol Prog ; 21(2): 423-31, 2005.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15801781

RESUMO

Biological wastewater reactors are traditionally divided into two groups based on modes of cell growth: suspension and attached (biofilm) growth. Kinetic descriptions of these reactors are based on confining cell growth to solid surfaces or void space. Because suspended cells grow in void space and biofilms grow on surfaces, both forms of microbial growth must in principle occur in a biological reactor, unless the surface is inhabitable by a biofilm. Cell growth and substrate utilization in both modes, suspension and attached, are fully accounted for in the model developed here. Simulations based on this model show that biofilms growing on the walls of a reactor, classified as a suspension culture, can contribute substantially to the total organics removal. Similarly, suspended cells in the voids of a "traditional biofilm" reactor can contribute significantly to degradation of organic substrates. The presence of biofilms can obviate total washout of suspended cells and avert reactor failure. Model simulations enable a comparison of attached and suspended biomass in terms of biomass accumulation, substrate degradation, and effectiveness of substrate utilization and illustrate interactions between the two forms of biomass. The model provides a unified way to analyze and design biological wastewater processes.


Assuntos
Reatores Biológicos , Resíduos Industriais , Biofilmes , Biomassa , Cinética , Modelos Teóricos , Poluentes Químicos da Água/isolamento & purificação
7.
Am J Clin Pathol ; 105(2): 195-9, 1996 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8607444

RESUMO

The authors report an unusual spindle cell sarcoma that arose in the lung of a 12-year-old girl. This tumor had histologic, immunophenotypic, and ultrastructural features consistent with monophasic fibrous synovial sarcoma. These features included a growth pattern of densely packed spindle cells in irregularly intersecting, broad fascicles, diffuse vimentin immunoreactivity, and focal expression of epithelial membrane antigen and S100 protein. This diagnosis was further supported by cytogenetic studies showing the specific t(X; 18) chromosomal translocation associated with synovial sarcoma. This balanced translocation appears to be an essentially universal characteristic of these sarcomas, regardless of histologic subtype or site of origin. The constellation of morphologic and cytogenetic findings in this case firmly establishes synovial sarcoma as a subtype of pulmonary spindle cell sarcomas. The distinctive features of these neoplasms allow them to be distinguished from a variety of primary and metastatic malignancies in the lung.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Sarcoma Sinovial/genética , Sarcoma Sinovial/patologia , Translocação Genética/genética , Criança , Cromossomos Humanos Par 18/genética , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Imunofenotipagem , Sarcoma/diagnóstico , Sarcoma/patologia , Cromossomo X/genética
8.
Clin Lab Med ; 12(3): 493-502, 1992 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1521424

RESUMO

A concise review of current trends in prenatal genetic diagnosis for the nongeneticist is presented in this article. Its impact on the practice of clinical laboratory medicine today is discussed, and an attempt is made to capture the sense of the growing body of knowledge and excitement in prenatal genetic diagnostic technology, and the fountain of possibilities it has created for prenatal care.


Assuntos
Aberrações Cromossômicas , Diagnóstico Pré-Natal/métodos , Citogenética , Feminino , Doenças Genéticas Inatas/diagnóstico , Doenças Genéticas Inatas/genética , Humanos , Gravidez
9.
Mutat Res ; 208(3-4): 201-5, 1988 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3398870

RESUMO

To investigate the cytogenetic effects of electromagnetic fields, a system containing an agar gel was developed to support the growth of various human cell types (peripheral lymphocytes, lymphoblasts, and fibroblasts). When compared to alioquots of identical cells, grown in plastic culture vessels, statistically significant increases in the frequencies of chromosome breakage, sister-chromatid exchange and decreased cloning efficiency were observed in those cells cultured in the agar. These results suggest a possible clastogenic and/or cytotoxic component in the agar gel.


Assuntos
Ágar , Aberrações Cromossômicas , Dano ao DNA , Troca de Cromátide Irmã , Linhagem Celular , Células Cultivadas , Meios de Cultura , Feminino , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Masculino
10.
Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys ; 66(5 Pt 1): 051916, 2002 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12513532

RESUMO

The paradigm of cubic autocatalytic replicators with decay in coupled isothermal continuous stirred tank reactors is selected as a model to study complex behavior in population dynamics of sexually reproducing species in a heterogenous environment. It is shown that, even a setup with single species in two coupled environments may have regions in parameter space that result in chaotic behavior, hence segregation in the environment causes complexity in the system dynamics. Furthermore, partitioning is found to lead to emergence phenomena exemplified by steady states not obtainable in the equivalent homogeneous system. These phenomena are illustrated through case studies involving single or multiple species. Results show that the coupled environments can host species, that would not survive should the coupling be removed.


Assuntos
Catálise , Modelos Biológicos , Animais , Fenômenos Biofísicos , Biofísica , Reatores Biológicos , Ecossistema , Meio Ambiente , Humanos , Dinâmica Populacional
11.
Soz Praventivmed ; 25(4): 201-2, 1980 Sep.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7456738

RESUMO

In recent toxicological and epidemiological studies observable health effects have been associated with exposure to respirable particles. Atmospheric sulfate aerosols, rather than SO2 alone, seems to be representing a major public health problem. In an interdisciplinary project on particulate matter, atmospheric sulfates were also measured in the ambient air of Zurich. Sampling was performed with High Volume Sampler and for the analysis of sulfates the so called photometric copper complex method was used. Random samples taken at 3 stations during 2 sampling periods showed sulfate concentrations in the range of 5 to 23 micrograms/m3, the overall average being 16 micrograms/m3. In the light of present knowledge and the concentrations measured, the problem of sulfates cannot be ignored.


Assuntos
Poluentes Atmosféricos , Asma/induzido quimicamente , Doenças Respiratórias/induzido quimicamente , Sulfatos/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Hipóxia/induzido quimicamente
12.
Soz Praventivmed ; 23(4): 299-300, 1978 Aug.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-706841

RESUMO

Measuring particulate matter, rather not well-defined term, consists of two basic steps: samling and analysis. In a comparative study, three types of samples viz. Hi-Vol Sampler, LIB Sampler, and Dichotomous Sampler were operated side by side for ten 24-hour samples. Results of their gravimetric and elemental analysis are reported.


Assuntos
Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise , Poeira/análise , Equipamentos e Provisões , Filtração/instrumentação
13.
Soz Praventivmed ; 21(4): 124-5, 1976.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-997955

RESUMO

Indoor air quality affects a person's performance and well-being. This justifies the study of indoor air pollution for the development of comfortable and safe environments. A simultaneous indoor/outdoor sampling programme was carried out at three sites in Zurich. Parameters included CO, NO, NO2, and HCHO.


Assuntos
Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise , Habitação , Benzopirenos/análise , Monóxido de Carbono/análise , Óxido Nítrico/análise , Dióxido de Nitrogênio/análise , Suíça
14.
Soz Praventivmed ; 21(4): 122-3, 1976.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-997954

RESUMO

Air samples were collected in plastic bags simultaneously at various measuring points in the close range of streets. When examining the various bag materials, Teflon bags showed the smallest deviations in direct analyses and in analyses of up to two hours after the drawing of samples. The following methods were used for the analysis of the air samples collected in the bags: coulometry for CO and SO2, chemiluminescence for NO/NO2, chromotrophic acid for CH2O and flame ionization for hydrocarbons. The various components were measured close to a highway and near streets in residential and business areas. The simultaneously drawn samples showed a marked dependence on traffic frequency, type of built-up area along the streets as well as meteorological conditions. An opinion survey among adjacent residents on annoyance caused by air pollution and noise resulted in distinct differences between the sections with different traffic intensity.


Assuntos
Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise , Meios de Transporte , Poluentes Atmosféricos/efeitos adversos , Monóxido de Carbono/análise , Exposição Ambiental , Equipamentos e Provisões , Formaldeído/análise , Humanos , Hidrocarbonetos/análise , Métodos , Óxidos de Nitrogênio/análise , Ruído/efeitos adversos , Politetrafluoretileno , Dióxido de Enxofre/análise , Suíça
15.
Biotechnol Prog ; 27(5): 1442-54, 2011.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21626721

RESUMO

Hydrogels that undergo deformation upon appropriate changes in pH or temperature have considerable promise as drug delivery vehicles. Drug uptake in swelling and nonswelling cylindrical hydrogels and drug release from these into a target fluid are investigated here. A mathematical model for hydrogel-solution composite, a composite of a distributed parameter system (cylindrical hydrogel) and a lumped parameter system (surrounding solution), is developed. The polymer network displacement in a swelling/deswelling hydrogel is described by a stress diffusion coupling model. The analytical solution for network displacement is used to predict solvent intake by swelling hydrogels, solvent efflux from deswelling hydrogels, and changes in pressure, porosity, and effective drug diffusivity. These in turn influence drug uptake during and after hydrogel swelling and drug release from hydrogel during and after deswelling. Numerical results illustrate benefits of hydrogel swelling for drug loading and merits of different modes of drug release. Drug uptake and drug release by temperature-responsive hydrogels are compared with those by hydrogels not subject to deformation.


Assuntos
Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos , Hidrogéis , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Temperatura , Difusão , Modelos Teóricos
17.
Teratology ; 31(1): 61-72, 1985 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3983860

RESUMO

A technique of microinjection of small quantities of teratogens into extraembryonic compartments or specific organ primordium of rat conceptuses of pregnancy day 11 is described. Conceptuses microinjected with 50 nl tissue culture medium developed normally for 44-45 hr when cultured in homologous rat serum, indicating that the microinjection procedure itself did not produce any deleterious effects on growth and differentiation of embryos. Microinjection of an alkylating agent, phosphoramide mustard dissolved in tissue culture medium, into the exocoelom produced anomalous embryogenesis, consisting of retarded embryonic growth, anomalies of the neural tube, and general necrosis of various organ primordia. In contrast, the embryonic development remained relatively unaffected by microinjection of identical amounts of this alkylating agent into the amniotic cavity. However, neural-tube differentiation was markedly affected when phosphoramide mustard was injected into anterior neural-tube fluid, producing anencephalic or microcephalic embryos without significant effect on postcephalic organ differentiation. The morphogenesis of the anterior limb was unaffected by local injection of the agent into somitic tissues adjacent to the presumptive limb-bud region. Therefore, it appears that differential dysmorphogenesis could be induced by microinjection of an alkylating agent into different conceptus compartments. These results indicate that even during early embryogenesis various cell types are not equally susceptible to a given teratogen, and that the differential cytotoxicity of the teratogen toward specific embryonic or extraembryonic cells and tissues may account for embryonic anomalies characteristically produced by that agent.


Assuntos
Anormalidades Induzidas por Medicamentos/embriologia , Mostardas de Fosforamida/intoxicação , Âmnio , Animais , Compostos Azo , Corantes , Técnicas de Cultura , Embrião de Mamíferos , Microinjeções , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos
18.
Epilepsia ; 26(4): 346-52, 1985.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-4006894

RESUMO

The effect of carbamazepine (CBZ) on human chromosomes was studied in an effort to determine its mutagenic potential. Analysis of chromosome breakage, sister chromatid exchanges (SCE), and cell cycle studies were performed in peripheral lymphocyte cultures. The in vivo studies failed to detect any significant increase of chromosome aberrations or SCE or any slowing of the cell cycle. A significant dose-dependent increase in chromosome aberrations but not in SCE was observed in the in vitro analyses. No correlation was observed between chromosome breaks and SCE in either the in vivo or in vitro studies. The negative in vivo results indicate an absence of detectable chromosome-damaging effects of CBZ used in monotherapy in human subjects.


Assuntos
Carbamazepina/farmacologia , Cromossomos Humanos/efeitos dos fármacos , Epilepsia/genética , Testes de Mutagenicidade , Adulto , Carbamazepina/uso terapêutico , Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Linfócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Troca de Cromátide Irmã/efeitos dos fármacos
19.
Zentralbl Bakteriol Orig B ; 162(1-2): 102-5, 1976 Jul.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-63198

RESUMO

Air samples were collected in plastic bags simultaneously at various measuring points in the close range of streets. When examining the various bag materials, Teflon bags showed the smallest deviations in direct analyses and in analyses of up to two hours after the drawing of samples. The following methods were used for the analysis of the air samples collected in the bags: coulometry for CO and SO2, chemiluminescence for NO/NO2, chromotropic acid for CH2O and flame ionization for hydrocarbon. The various components were measured close to a highway and near streets in residential and business areas.


Assuntos
Poluição do Ar/análise , Emissões de Veículos/análise , Monóxido de Carbono/análise , Formaldeído/análise , Hidrocarbonetos/análise , Métodos , Óxido Nítrico/análise , Dióxido de Nitrogênio/análise , Politetrafluoretileno , Dióxido de Enxofre/análise , Suíça
20.
Am J Obstet Gynecol ; 168(5): 1587-97, 1993 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8498447

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons are important components of cigarette smoke. The toxicity of polynuclear hydrocarbons depends on their metabolic biotransformation by tissues. This study was performed to assess the effects of cigarette smoke exposure on polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon metabolism in the human placental tissues of first-trimester pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN: The expression of essential enzymes that metabolize polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and regulate toxic metabolism, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, epoxide hydrolase, and glutathione S-transferase, were determined by immunocytochemical staining of the specific enzymes in first-trimester placental samples from both smoker and nonsmoker donors. The overall polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon metabolism by such tissues was quantitated by a radiometric assay with benzo[a]pyrene substrate in placental villi tissues and also in isolated trophoblast cells or in cultured trophoblast cells in the presence of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon agent. RESULTS: Immunocytochemical staining revealed that aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase was localized on trophoblast cells of first-trimester placentas from smoker donors. Epoxide hydrolase was present in stromal and trophoblast cells, and glutathione S-transferase (pi) was present in trophoblast cells of both nonsmoker and smoker subjects. In addition, the overall metabolism of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon xenobiotics in such tissues (8 to 11 weeks) of donors who smoked cigarettes was observed to be increased compared with that of nonsmokers by radiometric assay of metabolic products. The increased polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon metabolism from such exposure was also shown in isolated and purified trophoblast cells of first-trimester placental villi and in culture of such trophoblast cells of nonsmoker donors with polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon by the same assay procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, contrary to previous assumptions, these data demonstrate that cigarette smoke exposure increases the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon metabolism of placentas even during the early stages of pregnancy. Augmented polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon metabolism may produce genotoxic metabolites deleterious to conceptus development.


Assuntos
Placenta/metabolismo , Compostos Policíclicos/metabolismo , Fumar/metabolismo , Benzo(a)pireno/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Placenta/enzimologia , Gravidez , Primeiro Trimestre da Gravidez , Trofoblastos/citologia , Trofoblastos/metabolismo
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