RESUMO
Despite measures taken in France since 1990 to control the spread of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), the incidence of BSE cases notified in France by the BSE Epidemiological Surveillance Network has been rising in recent years. By 1 July 2000, 103
RESUMO
This article presents the essential features of three retroviral infections of animals: enzootic bovine leukosis, equine infectious anaemia and caprine arthritis-encephalitis. A unique feature of these diseases is persistent infection, maintained throughout the life of the host animal by the presence of a provirus integrated into the cells of the host, thereby making an infected animal a continuous source of the pathogen. Information currently available on the epidemiology and detection of these diseases is sufficient to institute effective disease control measures.
Assuntos
Vírus da Artrite-Encefalite Caprina , Leucose Enzoótica Bovina , Anemia Infecciosa Equina , Doenças das Cabras , Infecções por Lentivirus/veterinária , Animais , Bovinos , Leucose Enzoótica Bovina/diagnóstico , Leucose Enzoótica Bovina/epidemiologia , Leucose Enzoótica Bovina/microbiologia , Leucose Enzoótica Bovina/prevenção & controle , Anemia Infecciosa Equina/diagnóstico , Anemia Infecciosa Equina/epidemiologia , Anemia Infecciosa Equina/microbiologia , Anemia Infecciosa Equina/prevenção & controle , Doenças das Cabras/diagnóstico , Doenças das Cabras/epidemiologia , Doenças das Cabras/prevenção & controle , Cabras , Cavalos , Infecções por Lentivirus/diagnóstico , Infecções por Lentivirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Lentivirus/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Occurrence since 1986 and extension as an extended common source epidemic in United Kingdom of a new neurological bovine condition: bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) initiated numerous epidemiological research actions in this country in order to discover the origin of this new disease, predict its evolution and implement control measures. In the same time epidemiological surveillance systems have been set up in several European countries leading to the identification of sporadic BSE cases in Ireland, Switzerland and France. In spite of the numerous informations published, a number of topics are not precisely known: identity and origin of BSE agent, influence of contaminated bovine genetics over disease development in contaminated bovine, infection incidence in herds where disease has been identified. As BSE is a member of the group of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, concerns about foodborne transmission from cattle to human and inoculation of medicinal products containing bovine material and used for therapy or prevention in human beings or animals, has been expressed. The demonstration of iatrogenic transmission between human beings of Creutzfeld-Jakob disease has considerably influenced the implementation of measures to prevent the hypothetical risk for man to be infected by medicinal products or medical devises containing material of bovine origin.
Assuntos
Encefalopatia Espongiforme Bovina/epidemiologia , Animais , Bovinos , Encefalopatia Espongiforme Bovina/prevenção & controle , Encefalopatia Espongiforme Bovina/transmissão , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , Humanos , Reino Unido/epidemiologiaRESUMO
A new Transmissible Sub-acute Spongiform Encephalopathy (TSSE) appeared in 1986 in the bovine species, mainly concerning Great Britain where more than 100,000 cases have now been identified. This review describes the features of the disease that showed it belonged to this particular group of diseases. The currently available hypothesis about the origin of the disease, in Great Britain as well as in other countries where it has also been recognized, are presented. Lastly, the potential risks for the future, in the bovine species but also for other animal species or man, are discussed, in light of the known experimental data.