Impalement injuries of the shoulder: a case report with literature review.

The management of penetrating skeletal extremity trauma is a clinical challenge even for experienced surgeons. While the treatment of associated vascular injuries should be prioritized, there is still a lack of evidence regarding the management of foreign bodies in case of bone fractures or neurological injuries. Here we present a case of impalement of the right proximal humerus with a construction steel rod. The 54-year-old man was successfully treated without vascular, neurological, and thoracic sequelae. A review of the current literature about the most appropriate extrication sequences and soft tissue reconstruction following massive foreign body injuries was carried out.

Delayed diagnosis and treatment of a psoas abscess as a link between spondylodiscitis and septic necrosis of the femoral head: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Infections of the spine and hip joint are not common and, as described in literature, they are occasionally linked by a psoas abscess. In patients suffering back pain with history of spondylodiscitis, the spine as primary source of infection for a secondary psoas abscess should always be included in differential diagnosis. A delay in diagnosis of the psoas abscess could lead to septic femoral head necrosis. CASE REPORT: A case of a 65-year-old woman affected by septic femoral head necrosis due to spondylodiscitis and secondary psoas abscess is reported; the patient needed a specific antibiotic therapy then undergoing a total hip arthroplasty(THA). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Diagnoses of lumbar spine infection and psoas abscess are difficultand often delayed. Since the symptoms of both are non-specific, high degree of suspicious is necessary. In psoas abscess, an early diagnosis is important, because a delayed treatment could result in septic femoral head necrosis requiring both a prolonged antibiotic therapy and a THA.

Facing complications of direct anterior approach in total hip arthroplasty during the learning curve.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to evaluate complications and early postoperative clinical outcomes of direct anterior approach (DAA) in total hip arthroplasty (THA). METHODS: Ninety-one consecutive patients who underwent primary elective unilateral THA between January 2013 and December 2019 were identified. Collected data included age of patient, BMI, ASA score, EBL (estimated blood loss), LOS (length of stay), operating time, and intra/postoperative complications. The recorded complications included prolonged wound drainage without infection, superficial and deep infection, dislocation, periprosthetic fracture, aseptic loosening or failure of osteointegration and nervous damage. Any reoperation, with or without prosthetic component revision, was recorded. RESULTS: Fourteen complications (15,4%) and 12 (13,18%) postoperative anemizations were observed in this series. No deep infection was reported. Most common complications were nerve damage (3/91;3,29%), greater trochanter fracture (3/91; 3,29%), and wound trouble (3/91; 3,29%). Two (2,19%) dislocations were reported. One (1,09%) intraoperative periprosthetic fracture was treated with cerclage wiring. One (1,09%) revision was needed for an acetabular mobilization. One patient (1,09%) had severe periprosthetic ectopic ossifications (Brooker 4), needing reintervention because of severe limitations of the range of motion (ROM). CONCLUSIONS: Complications rate in this study with THA by DAA is comparable to those reported in literature. DAA is a safe, efficient procedure but it needs a steep learning curve. (www.actabiomedica.it).

Late bleeding during anterior approach to the hip: case Report.

Vascular injuries represent an uncommon complication of total hip arthroplasty, with an incidence of 0.1-0.3% as reported in the literature. The aim of the study is the description of a case of late bleeding in a female patient undergoing surgery for total hip arthroplasty in right osteoarthritis through direct anterior approach. The treatment carried out was a selective embolization of the main ascending branch of the lateral circumflex artery. This was performed by placing two spirals following an angiography, which was revealing an active spreading of contrast at the right femoral circumflex ascending artery. The effectiveness of endovascular techniques for the treatment of early and late bleeding after surgery is pointed out.

Antibiotic-Loaded Spacer for Two-Stage Revision of Infected Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Infection of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a challenge in orthopedic surgery. In literature TKA infection is classified according to the time after surgery: acute postoperative; late chronic; acute hematogenous; positive intraoperative microbiological growth. The purpose of this study is to present the results of the use of a preformed antibiotic-loaded spacer in TKA infections, treated by a two-stage revision procedure. A series of 19 consecutive patients (20 knees) with a diagnosis of infected TKA were treated from January 2003 to February 2012. Two-stage reimplantation protocols were completed only in 16 patients and these data were included in the study. We lost three patients at follow-up. An antibiotic-loaded preformed articulating polymethylmethacrylate spacer was applied. Patients were observed 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively and then yearly for clinical and radiographic examination. The mean American Knee Society Score improved from 68.4 preoperatively (range, from 34 to 108) to 112.7 at final follow-up (range, from 49 to 180). The pain was evaluated as part of clinical score. It improved from an average of 19.3 preoperatively (range, from 10 to 30) to 34.3 at final follow-up (range, from 10 to 50). The average range of motion improved from 40.1 degrees (range, from 6 to 90 degrees) to 79.3 degrees (range, from 45 to 125 degrees). The use of the spacer allows obtaining a reduction of pain, an improvement of quality of life in the period of time between the two surgical stages and an easier reimplantation of TKA.

Two cases of failed back surgery syndrome after correction and stabilization surgery for scoliosis with Harrington instrumentation.

We report two cases of adjacent segment degeneration in patients with idiopathic scoliosis who underwent surgical treatment with Harrington instrumentation in young age. Both patients developed a symptomatic degeneration of the disk immediately under the last stabilized level and were treated with decompression and stabilization. Clinical and radiological results are satisfactory at the follow-up.

Fecal incontinence treated with acupuncture--a pilot study.

OBJECTIVES: Acupuncture has been used successfully for the treatment of urinary bladder dysfunction. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate if manual acupuncture might also affect fecal incontinence favorably. METHODS: The study comprises 15 female patients, median age 60 years (39 -75). Before treatment and at regular intervals after acupuncture sessions the defects of anal continence were assessed. Ano-rectal function was assessed by means of recto anal manovolumetry. Each patient was submitted to one acupuncture treatment per week for a ten-week period. Subsequently, a control session was repeated once per month up to 7 months for six patients. A final functional assessment was performed at 18 months. RESULT: Patients experienced a significant improvement in anal continence, the overall continence score which changed from 10 (3 -21) estimated before treatment to zero (0 - 7) (p<0.05) at 10 weeks. Patients with irregular bowel habits and/or loose stools reported significant improvement. On the manovolumetric variables a limited increase of resting from 25 (17-35) mmHg to 36 (20-42) mmHg, (p=0.05) and sustained squeeze anal pressure, changing from 41 (32-68) mmHg to 60 (40-100) mmHg (p<0.05) were reported. Rectal sensory function remained unchanged. CONCLUSION: Acupuncture offers good opportunities for improving fecal incontinence. The mechanism of action is obscure but might be an effect of the "neuromodulation" of the recto-anal function similar to that explaining the favorable results achieved by sacral nerve stimulation. The concomitant regulation of disordered bowel habits may also contribute to the satisfactory results.