RESUMO
This study purpose was to evaluate the in vitro inhibitory properties of Italian acacia honey extracts against pathogenic aquatic oomycete/fungal isolates that cause different diseases in crayfish, resulting in an elevated mortality rate. The antimycotic activity of acacia honey aqueous extracts was evaluated against the strain UEF88662 of Aphanomyces astaci (oomycete) and the strain SMM2 of Fusarium avenaceum (fungus). The extracts preparation was carried out with water by a cheap, not complex and organic solvent-free procedure, with low environmental impact and the higher possibility of large-scale reproducibility. The anti-oomycete and antifungal activities were quantitatively evaluated by growth, survival and sporulation microbiological assays. The extracts displayed a dose-dependent inhibitory efficacy on oomycete and fungal growth and survival, as well as on the production of oomycete and fungal spores. Supported by future in vivo studies, our results encourage the use of natural extracts like honey as innovative tools to counteract mycotic infections. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The continuous spread of aquatic fungal disease as the 'crayfish plague' and the 'burn spot disease' has severe ecological and commercial repercussions. Critical factor to prevent further spread is the availability of effective antifungals possibility derived from local natural resources to use in innovative strategies of control and eradication of these diseases. This study provides relevant information about the in vitro anti-oomycete and antifungal activity of Italian acacia honey aqueous extracts against two highly infectious and dangerous pathogenic species, Aphanomyces astaci and Fusarium avenaceum, that are responsible for important crayfish diseases.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Antiprotozoários/farmacologia , Aphanomyces/efeitos dos fármacos , Astacoidea/microbiologia , Fusarium/efeitos dos fármacos , Mel/análise , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Acacia/metabolismo , Animais , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
A case of fallopian tube adenocarcinoma was studied by light and transmission electron microscopy. The neoplastic cells contained abundant mitochondria, moderate to large amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) arranged in parallel arrays and often containing amorphous material, annulate lamellae, possible secretory vesicles, and glycogen. The presence of stacked RER and annulate lamellae together is unusual in papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary, and has not been described in Fallopian tube adenocarcinoma. Golgi complexes were are. Small acini with projecting microvilli as well as junctional complexes were present, but cilia were not found. The electron microscopic findings suggest secretory activity, and are remarkably similar to those found in papillary serous cystadenocarcinomas of the ovary. The findings also support the hypothesis that ovarian serous tumors and adenocarcinomas of the Fallopian tube are derived from coelomic epithelium.