Tinetti balance performance is associated with mortality in older adults with late-onset Parkinson's disease: a longitudinal study.

BACKGROUND: Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with a 3-fold mortality risk, which is closely related to advancing age. Evidence is lacking regarding the factors associated with the risks of mortality or nursing-home (NH) admission, in elderly patients with PD. We aimed at identifying the clinical characteristics associated with these outcomes, in older community-dwelling patients with late-onset PD. METHODS: Retrospective, observational analysis of data from geriatric day hospital patients. Motor assessment included Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) part III score, Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA) balance and gait tests, and gait speed. Levodopa equivalent dose, comorbidity, cognitive performance, Activities of Daily Living performance were examined. Cox proportional hazards models were performed to identify the factors associated with mortality and NH admission rate (maximum follow-up time = 5 years). RESULTS: We included 98 patients, mean age 79.4 (SD = 5.3) of whom 18 (18.3%) died and 19 (19.4%) were admitted into NH, over a median follow-up of 4 years. In multivariate Cox models, poor balance on the Tinetti POMA scale (HR = 0.82 95%CI (0.66-0.96), p = .023) and older age (HR = 1.12 95%CI (1.01-1.25), p = .044) were the only variables significantly associated with increased mortality risk. A Tinetti balance score below 11/16 was associated with a 6.7 hazard for mortality (p = .006). No specific factor was associated with NH admissions. CONCLUSIONS: Age and the Tinetti POMA score were the only factors independently associated with mortality. The Tinetti POMA scale should be considered for balance assessment and as a screening tool for the most at-risk individuals, in this population.

[Definition and issue of medications underuse in frail elderly patients]. / Omission de traitement chez la personne âgée : quelle définition pour quels enjeux ?

Underuse is defined as the absence of initiation of an effective treatment in subjects with a condition for which one or several drug classes have demonstrated their efficacy. Indeed, "effective treatment" actually means favourable benefit/risk ratio. To propose a detailed and functional definition of underuse for frail elderly we should discuss, beforehand, the better way to assess benefit/risk ratio of drugs in this population. Our work is based on a literature review in the field of inappropriate prescription and therapeutic optimization. We can foresee the hard way to accurately define underuse for frail geriatric patients because of the difficulties encountered to demonstrate drug efficacy, drug effectiveness, or even more drug risk in this specific population. Potential benefit of underused medications in this population are poorly evaluated before and even after market authorization. Premarketing clinical trials and pharmacovigilance also yield only relatively restricted information on safety of use. Underuse is a non optimal prescription modality and presumes a judgment on prescription act. This can lead to recommendations or quality indicators. It should therefore be scientifically valid and closely fit with a loss of health or loss of quality of life with a satisfying proof level. But the literature generally adopts an unsophisticated point of view. Medication introduction on the basis of a debatable definition of underuse could lead to an accumulation of useless drugs with potential adverse effects which is overuse.