[Features of secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in elderly individuals with high cardiovascular risk.]

Studied the causes of the ineffectiveness of follow-up of elderly patients with pathology of the cardiovascular system with high cardiovascular risk. The necessity of an individual approach, the individual preventive counseling in the usual patient conditions, learning to use tools of self-control belonging to that particular patient. Conducting a «pharmacological control¼ every visit to an elderly patient at home or a visit to the clinic.

Basis for a method of dynamic proprioceptive correction in the restorative treatment of patients with residual-stage infantile cerebral palsy.

A new method for the restorative treatment of patients with residual-stage infantile cerebral palsy is described; the method is based on proprioceptive correction using an "Adeli-92" device, which is a modified space suit used in weightless conditions. The "Adeli-92" allows intensification and some extent of normalization of afferent proprioceptive mobility-controlling input. Positive clinical effects were obtained in 70% of patients, with improvements in walking and self-care ability. The positive effects of this method were demonstrated objectively using electroencephalography, electroneuromyography, studies of somatosensory evoked potentials, and studies of the vestibular system.

[Pathogenesis of infantile cerebral palsy]. / Voprosy patogeneza detskogo tserebral'nogo paralicha.

Some causes of the pathological activity of postural reflexes and other motor disturbances underlying the clinical picture of infantile cerebral paralysis are considered. It is shown that disturbed metabolism of corticosteroids observed in that disease, as well as impaired functional activity of T lymphocytes promote the development of both inflammatory and neuroimmune processes in the brain, mainly in large hemispheres--and this may be one of the causes of the pathological postural activity.

[Vestibulometry and its importance in elucidating the pathogenesis and prognosis of the course of nervous system diseases in children]. / Vestibulometriia i ee znachenie v vyiasnenii patogeneza i prognozirovaniia techeniia nekotorykh zabolevanii nervnoi sistemy u detei.

A retrospective analysis of electronystagmograms recorded over 2 years from 90 children aged 1 to 3 with spastic diplegia due to the infantile cerebral paralysis was performed and its results correlated with the clinical course of the disease. The vestibulometric criteria were derived in order to predict the course of motor functions in the patients' postnatal ontogenesis. The causes of inefficacy of rehabilitation therapy were analyzed in children which had suffered from meningoencephalitis in their infancy. Specific features of the neurodynamic processes in these patients were displayed in their vestibulometric indices. Mesencephalic-cortical control mechanisms of the vestibular nystagmus were shown to normalize under effect of acupuncture. This accounts for its greater clinical efficacy as compared to the passive vestibular therapy which exerted beneficial influence over the bulbar-pontine nystagmogenic mechanisms.

[Artificial local hypothermia in the treatment of children with cerebral palsy]. / Iskusstvennaia lokal'naia gipotermiia pri lechenii detei s tserebral'nymi paralichami.

Local hypothermia was used to manage motor disorders in infantile cerebral paralysis. Ice was applied to muscles being the key factors in the pathologic muscular synergies and determinants of the level of motor disorders at the residual stage of infantile cerebral paralysis. The hypothermic method is given in detail with respect to different pathologic muscle synergies and infantile cerebral paralysis syndrome peculiarities: spastic diplegia varying in severity, hyperkinetic syndrome. EMG investigations yielded results correlating with a positive clinical effect. The EMG data indicated that deprivation of pathologic muscle afferentation not only reduced the muscle spasticity but also led to functional reconstruction in the spinal motoneuron pool.

[Various characteristics of morphological changes in the brain in newborn infants with intrauterine and perinatal damage of the central nervous system]. / O nekotorykh osobennostiakh morfologicheskikh izmenenii golovnogo mozga u novorozhdennykh s vnutriutrobnym i rodovym povrezhdeniem tsentral'noi nervnoi sistemy.

Pathomorphological examination of the brain was carried out in 8 infants with severe forms of perinatal encephalopathy who died on the 17-th-25th day of life from intercurrent diseases. The investigation revealed a combination of circulatory disorders, dystrophic changes in neurons, fibers, and glia as well as focal productive inflammation of the medulla (predominantly in the area of lateral ventricle walls). An original technique was developed for the determination of the volumetric density of Betz's cells. It was elucidated that the number of Betz's cells in newborns with severe forms of perinatal encephalopathy was considerably lower as compared to age-matched infants without any signs of central nervous system impairment.

[Neurophysiologic study of sleep in infants with cerebral palsy]. / Neirofiziologicheskoe issledovanie sna u grudnykh detei s detskimi tserebral'nym paralichom

With the aid of a polygraphical study of day sleep in infants with cerebral palsy it was possible to demonstrate in many cases changes of qualitative characteristics of the stages of sleep with disorders of normal dynamics in the EEG, motor and vegetative signs. The authors detected a certain correlation between the degree of such changes and the severity of the clinical symptomatology, as well as a possibility of changes in expression of the pathology of sleep at different stages of the disease, sometimes with an increase of this pathology.

[Brain lesions in children under 2-years-old with perinatal encephalopathy and severe cerebral palsy]. / Porazhenie golovnogo mozga u detei pervykh 2 let zhizni s perinatal'noi éntsefalopatiei i tiazhelym techneiem detskogo tserebral'nogo paralicha.

The authors carried out clinical observations of 103 children with grave damages of the central nervous system. Twenty-five children died of intercurrent diseases. The results of pathomorphological examinations of the dead children's brain were compared with the clinical picture of grave forms of perinatal encephalopathy and infantile cerebral paralysis. Taking into consideration the pathological course of the pregnancy and labour in the children's mothers, the presence of the neurological symptoms since the very first days of the children's life, as well as the results of the pathomorphological examinations of the brain, one can conclude that it is a lingering inflammatory process (started as an intrauterine one in most children) that is the morphological base of these diseases.

[Significance of the hypertensive syndrome in the clinical aspects of the late residual stage of infantile cerebral palsy (based on ultrasonic encephalographic data)]. / Znachenie gipertenzionnogo sindroma v klinike pozdnei rezidual'noi stadii detskogo tserebral'nogo paralicha (po dannym ul'trazvukovoi éntsefalografii).

The report is concerned with an analysis of the results of an echoencphalographic study of 201 children with infantile cerebral paralysis in the form of spastic diplegia. The examined children were from 3-14 years with different degrees of motor disturbances and intellectual defects. The echoencephalograms in 22% of the cases detected a displacement of M-echo to 2 mm and more. In 20%--there were signs of a light dilatation of the III brain ventricle and in 41%--of moderate dilatation. A correlation of echoencephalographic data with clinical symptoms demonstrated that a displacement of M-echo signs of a dilation of the III ventricle are more frequently encountered in children with a more severe motor and intellectual deficiency. The authors studied the influence of a comprehensive treatment (medicamental therapy, therapeutic physical training, corrective training, physical and mental loadings on the liquorodynamic disbalance. The study demonstrates the informativeness of the echoencephalographic method not only in the detection of the hypertensive syndrome, but in defining the degree of its expressiveness and during the development of the hypertenensive syndrome under the influence of different therapeutical measures.

[Cryotherapy in the complex restorative treatment of children with infantile cerebral palsy]. / Krioterapiia v komplekse vosstanovitel'nogo lecheniia detei s detskimi tserebral'nymi paralichami.

Children with spastic diplegia, hemiparetic and hyperkinetic forms of infantile cerebral paralysis were treated with local cryoapplications onto the hands. During the course of cryotherapy the authors studied interference and needle EMGs of the forearm muscles. Local cryotherapy induced a reduction in the muscle tone by gradual switching off the activity of individual motor units. Cryotherapy diminished the intensity of hyperkineses and increased the functional possibilities of the hand so that writing became possible. A conclusion is made that a decrease in the level of afferentation alters the functional activity of some links of the motor analyzer.

[Early differential diagnosis of congenital and birth injuries of the brain]. / O rannei differentsial'noi diagnostike vrozhdennykh i rodovykh porazhenii mozga

The presented paper is a comparative study of clinico-immunological data with neuro-roentgen contrast methods (pneumoencephalography) in 156 newborns. The obtained data with a highly significant result permit to claim that the neuroimmune reactions up to the 7th day of life and even later, may reflect pathological changes of the brain in the newborn. Quite possibly they may be actively involved in the pathological process not only in the prenatal, but also in some cases in the postnatal ontogenesis.

[Features of cerebral cortical pathology in children with perinatal encephalopathy in infantile cerebral palsy]. / K osobennostiam patologii kory mozga u detei s perinatal'noi éntsefalopatiei i detskim tserebral'nym paralichom.

The results of a clinico-morphological examination of 4 patients with perinatal encephalopathy and 2 patients with infantile cerebral paralysis who died of intercurrent diseases at the age of 1 to 8 months are presented. It has been established that considerable alterations in the cytoarchitectonics in the cortical portions of the brain correlate with the functional disorders of cortical-subcortical interactions in these patients, particularly in grave course of infantile cerebral paralysis.

[Significance of cytotoxic anti-brain antibodies in the blood in infantile cerebral palsy]. / O znachenii tsitotoksicheskikh protivomozgovykh antitel v krovi pri detskom tserebral'nom paraliche.

The results of examining the blood serum of 75 children aged up to 2 years suffering from infantile cerebral paralysis of various gravity, as well as the results of analogous examinations of 21 healthy children are presented. Use was made of the immunological tests of glia migration inhibition, and of complement fixation. It was shown that the results of both tests characterized the gravity of the disease. The glia migration inhibition tests (performed with the use of brain antigen) has made it possible to detect cytotoxic anticerebral antibodies in children with a mild, moderate, and grave degrees of the disease much more often than the complement fixation test. The rise of the titres of those antibodies was found to be in a certain correlation with the disease gravity and outcome. The data obtained were compared with the results of morphological examinations of the brain of serum-positive children. Prospects of using the glia migration inhibition test in combinations with clinical and morphological examinations for further studies of the pathogenesis of the infantile cerebral paralysis are discussed.

[Zinc sulfate in the complex treatment of children with cerebral palsy]. / Sul'fat tsinka v kompleksnom lechenii detei s tserebral'nymi paralichami.

Ninety-six children aged 3 to 14 years with cerebral paralysis in the form of spastic diplegia of medium and grave intensity were examined. The majority of the children showed disorders of zinc metabolism and of other types of metabolism. To correct metabolic abnormalities, 20 children received zinc sulfate in biological doses per os in addition to the main complex of treatment measures. 38 children suffering from cerebral paralysis made up the control group and were given a complex of routine rehabilitation treatment measures. It has been established that introduction of the biotic doses of zinc sulfate into the complex of therapeutic measures for children with cerebral paralysis in the form of spastic diplegia favoured the improvement of metabolic processes, the clinical health status of the children, and enhancement of the body defence properties.

[The clinico-electrophysiological assessment of the efficacy of microwave resonance therapy in the rehabilitative treatment of patients with cerebral palsy in the form of spastic diplegia]. / Kliniko-élektrofiziologicheskaia otsenka éffektivnosti mikrovolnovoi rezonansnoi terapii v vostanovitel'nom lechenii bol'nykh detskim tserebral'nym paralichom v forme spasticheskoi diplegii.

As indicated by EEG and EMG data, adjuvant microwave resonance therapy included in the complex of routine aftertreatment of 24 children with spastic diplegia improved therapeutic efficacy and promoted positive trends in the patient's condition of 63% of those treated. The changes in ENMG parameters induced by microwave resonance therapy reflect shifts in the function of peripheral neuromotor system via optimisation of suprasegmental effects.

[The problem of rehabilitation of children cerebral palsy].

The paper is devoted to the problem of early diagnosis and correction of development of children with perinatal lesion of the nervous system. Early rehabilitation treatment in children cerebral palsy (CCP) is necessary due to the plasticity of the child's brain and its universal ability to compensate for disturbed functions as well as due to the fact that the first two years of life are optimal for maturation of the speech functional system. Evidence for the differentiation of early, chronic and residual studies of CCP is presented. The authors emphasize the role of the pathology of the functional antigravitation system in the formation of motor-reflex disorders. Possibilities of pathogenetic treatment in each stage of disease are considered.

[Contemporary views of the morphological basis of infant cerebral palsy].

The stages of development of infant cerebral palsy (ICP) in 300 patients during the childdhood period, beginning from the neonate period, are presented in this article. Clinico-morphological analysis has been realized in 35 cases with the mortal outcome. It has been established, that combination of the following signs is the morphological basis of ICP: dysontogenetic development of the separate structures of the brain, cerebrovascular disturbances, dystrophic changes of the structural elements of the brain and in number of cases--of the focal inflammation of the brain matter, predominantly in the region of walls of the lateral ventricle of the brain. In parallel with the destructive changes in the brain the compensatory restorative processses have been also observed.