Anemia Detection by Hemoglobin Quantification on Contrast-enhanced Photon-counting CT Data Sets.

See also the editorial by Dodd and MacDermott in this issue.

Anemia detection and quantification in contrast-enhanced CT scans on a novel photon-counting detector CT: A prospective proof-of-concept study.

PURPOSE: To correlate CT values of the blood pool on VNC series with serum hemoglobin values for the detection of anemia in oncologic patients undergoing contrast-enhanced PCD-CT scans. METHODS: This prospective study (NCT04989192) included consecutive oncologic patients undergoing contrast-enhanced CT on a novel PCD-CT system between 08/2021 and 01/2022. The interval between complete blood count (CBC) and CT scan acquisition had to be no more than seven days. CT-values of the blood pool were measured on 70 keV VMI series (CT-values(BP)70keV) and on VNC series (CT-values(BP)VNC) at five anatomic positions (left atrium, left ventricle, main pulmonary artery, ascending and descending aorta) and averaged per patient. Pearson correlation analyses and ROC analyses were performed to identify relations between CT-values(BP)VNC, CBC parameters, and degrees of anemia as defined by the WHO (no anemia, mild, moderate, severe anemia). RESULTS: A total of 329 patients (age 68 ± 12 years; 200 men) were included. CT-values(BP)VNC showed a strong linear correlation to serum hemoglobin (r2 = 0.80, p <.001) and hematocrit (r2 = 0.76, p <.001) and were significantly different between anemia subgroups in both women and men (ΔHU: 3.5-11.4; all p <.01). ROC analyses yielded high diagnostic performance for the identification of patients without anemia, patients without and with mild anemia, and patients with severe anemia using gender-specific cutoffs for CT-value(BP)VNC (all AUC's > 0.90). CONCLUSIONS: The spectral information inherent in PCD-CT acquisitions allows the detection and quantification of anemia in contrast-enhanced CT acquisitions of oncologic patients with high diagnostic accuracy.