RESUMO
Cross-stimulation is a rare phenomenon that occurs during dual-chamber pacing when the pacing stimulus to one chamber results in the inadvertent capture of the other. Most cases are attributable to intrinsic design features of particular device models or lead malpositioning, and only occur early postimplantation with subsequent spontaneous resolution. We report a case of cross-stimulation occurring in a patient with chronic epicardial leads without loss of lead integrity.
Assuntos
Arritmias Cardíacas/etiologia , Arritmias Cardíacas/prevenção & controle , Estimulação Cardíaca Artificial/efeitos adversos , Eletrodos Implantados/efeitos adversos , Falha de Prótese , Criança , Análise de Falha de Equipamento , HumanosAssuntos
Cistos/diagnóstico por imagem , Aneurisma Cardíaco/diagnóstico por imagem , Comunicação Interventricular/diagnóstico por imagem , Septos Cardíacos/diagnóstico por imagem , Cistos/cirurgia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Aneurisma Cardíaco/cirurgia , Átrios do Coração/diagnóstico por imagem , Átrios do Coração/cirurgia , Comunicação Interventricular/cirurgia , Septos Cardíacos/cirurgia , Humanos , Lactente , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a well-recognized sequela of muscular dystrophy (MD). Early identification of cardiac involvement with timely therapy can favorably impact outcome. We hypothesize that electrocardiography (ECG) can be a useful adjunct in the identification of DCM in MD. OBJECTIVE: This study sought to assess the utility of electrocardiography in patients with MD. METHODS: A retrospective review of patients with MD was performed. ECGs and Holter monitor results were analyzed to assess for association between abnormalities and the development of DCM. RESULTS: This study identified 150 patients. In 43% of patients (64 of 150) DCM developed. ECG abnormalities were found in 65% of patients and correlated well with the presence of DCM, with 60 of 64 (94%) with DCM having an abnormal ECG vs. 38 of 86 (44%) without DCM (P < .001). Only 4 of 52 (8%) of patients with normal ECGs had DCM. The presence of ECG abnormalities was highly sensitive (95.8%) but not specific (40.1%) to the presence of DCM. ECG abnormalities often preceded the development of DCM by a significant period of time (3.7 ± 2.6 years). Arrhythmias were common, with 17 of 150 (11%) of the cohort being affected. Those with DCM were significantly more likely to have an arrhythmia, with 16 of 64 (25%) of that group being affected (P < .01). The presence of VT was a poor prognostic indicator, with 6 of 11 patients dying within 0.68 ± 0.41 years. CONCLUSION: ECG abnormalities are strongly associated with DCM in patients with MD and frequently precede cardiac dysfunction by several years. Arrhythmias are common, and periodic ECG and Holter evaluations are warranted as they may predict early cardiac involvement.