Time trends of 16 modifiable risk factors on the burden of major cancers among the Chinese population.

The cancer burden in China is increasing. We aimed to assess the time trends in the prevalence of 16 modifiable risk factors involved in lifestyle, diet, infection, and air pollution between 1997 and 2025 based on the China Health and Nutrition Survey, the Global Burden of Disease website, and publically available studies. The population attributable fraction (PAF) and its 95% uncertainty interval (UI) from 2007 to 2035 were calculated to quantify the attributable cancer burden in major 12 anatomic sites using the comparative risk assessment method, considering a 10-year lag effect. As a result, 1,559,476 cancer cases (PAF = 54.1%, 95% UI: 36.8%-65.8%) from the 12 anatomic sites were attributable to these modifiable risk factors in 2007, with lung, liver, and gastric cancer raging the top three. It was predicted that by 2035, the attributable cancer cases would reach 1,680,098 (PAF = 44.2%, 95% UI: 29.1%-55.5%), with the top three of lung, liver, and colorectal cancer. Smoking, physical inactivity, insufficient fruit consumption, HBV infection, and Helicobacter pylori infection were the most attributable risk factors in 2007, contributing to 480,352, 233,684, 215,009, 214,455, and 187,305 associated cancer cases, respectively. In 2035, the leading factors for cancer would be smoking, physical inactivity, insufficient fruit intake, HPV infection, and HBV infection, resulting in 427,445, 424,327, 185,144, 156,535, and 154,368 cancer cases, respectively. Intervention strategies should be swiftly established and dynamically altered in response to risk factors like smoking, physical inactivity, poor fruit intake, and infectious factors that may cause a high cancer burden in the Chinese population.

Associations between Chinese visceral adiposity index and risks of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: A population-based cohort study.

AIM: To determine the associations between the Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI) and the risks of all-cause and cause-specific mortality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 3 916 214 Chinese adults were enrolled in a nationwide population cohort covering all 31 provinces of mainland China. The CVAI was calculated based on age, body mass index, waist circumference, and triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. We used a Cox proportional hazards regression model to determine the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for risk of mortality associated with different CVAI levels. RESULTS: The median follow-up duration was 3.8 years. A total of 86 158 deaths (34 867 cardiovascular disease [CVD] deaths, 29 884 cancer deaths, and 21 407 deaths due to other causes) were identified. In general, after adjusting for potential confounding factors, a U-shaped relationship between CVAI and all-cause mortality was observed by restricted cubic spline (RCS). Compared with participants in CVAI quartile 1, those in CVAI quartile 4 had a 23.0% (95% CI 20.0%-25.0%) lower risk of cancer death, but a 23.0% (95% CI 19.0-27.0) higher risk of CVD death. In subgroup analysis, a J-shaped and inverted U-shaped relationship for all-cause mortality and cancer mortality was observed in the group aged < 60 years. CONCLUSIONS: The CVAI, an accessible indicator reflecting visceral obesity among Chinese adults, has predictive value for all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality risks. Moreover, the CVAI carries significance in the field of health economics and secondary prevention. In the future, it could be used for early screening purposes.

[Proteomics study on ficolin 3 in the human plasma of type 2 diabetics].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the expression trend of ficolin 3 (FCN3) in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) plasma. METHODS: Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2DE) was used to separate the plasma proteins from T2DM patients and healthy control subjects. MALDI-TOF-TOF was used to identify the differential proteins. Western Blot and enzyme-linked immune response (ELISA) were used to verify the results from 2DE. RESULTS: The experiment on 2DE showed complement C1s subcomponent, complement C3, C9 and FCN3 were up-regulated in the plasma of T2DM patients. The Western Blot results showed that C9 and FCN3 increased in the plasma of T2DM patients with respect to T2DM-free subjects. The experiment results on ELISA showed that the plasma concentration of FCN3 were (50.88 ± 3.85 ) and (36.20 ± 2.75 ) µg/mL (P = 0.0062) in T2DM and T2DM-free, respectively. The plasma concentration of C9 were (26.22 ± 1.43) and (19.23 ± 1.55) µg/mL (P = 0.0022) in T2DM and T2DM-free. FCN3 and C9 were up-regulated in T2DM plasma. CONCLUSION: FCN3 over-expressed in the plasma of T2DM patients,which activated the complement system in greater degree.

[Snacks consumption among residents in Shenzhen City].

OBJECTIVE: To describe the status of snacks consumption among residents in Shenzhen. METHODS: By a multiple stage probability proportionate to size sampling, 12 communities were randomly selected from 8 districts of Shenzhen based on population proportion. In the second stage, 30 households were randomly selected from each community. In each household, 2 years or older were invited to take dietary survey. RESULTS: There were 66.1% residents consuming snacks. More girls ate snacks than boys (chi2 = 11.552, P < 0.01) and more children and adolescents ate snacks than adults (chi2 = 27.207, P < 0.01). The average daily intake of energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, fiber, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, calcium, sodium,magnesium, iron and zinc from snacks were 107.8 kcal (451.5 kJ), 1.7 g, 0.8 g, 22.0 g, 1.1 g, 23.1 microg, 8.3 mg, 1.1 mg,17.0 mg, 9.3 mg, 21.0 mg, 0.8 mg and 0.4 mg. Food categories the most frequently consumed as snacks were fruit, pastry, milk and products, beverages and grains. CONCLUSION: It's important to strengthen the diet education among residents in Shenzhen, especially the knowledge how to select snacks correctly and rationally.

[Exploratory study on the association between different iodine nutrition and the prevalence of dyslipidemia in Shenzhen City].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between different iodine nutrition and the prevalence of dyslipidemia in a representative sample of subjects in Shenzhen. METHOD: A total of 326 adults from 2 different communities in Shenzhen were included in the study. A questionnaire, physical examination and laboratory test were given to all subjects. 317 questionnaires and blood samples were effective. RESULTS: When the urine iodine concentration was less than 200 microg/L, there is a reverse relationship between iodine nutrition and prevalence of HDL-c (r(s) = - 0.164, P = 0.031). When the urine iodine concentration was higher than 300 microg/L, there is a positive relationship between iodine nutrition and prevalence of HDL-c (r(s) = 0.246, P = 0.013). There was no significant correlation between other lipid parameters and urinary iodine concentration. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that high blood glucose and abdominal obesity were significantly related to the prevalence of dyslipidemia, urine iodine concentration was no significant correlation with the prevalence of dyslipidemia. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of dyslipidemia in Shenzhen is high, there may be a U shaped relationship between iodine nutrition and the prevalence of abnormal HDL-c level.

Association between polymorphisms of DRD2 and DRD4 and opioid dependence: evidence from the current studies.

Several studies have assessed the association between genetic polymorphisms of DRD2 and DRD4 genes and opioid dependence risk, while the results were inconsistent. We performed a meta-analysis, including 6,846 opioid dependence cases and 4,187 controls from 22 individual studies, to evaluate the roles of four variants (DRD2 -141ins/delC, rs1799732; DRD2 311 Ser > Cys, rs1801028; DRD2-related TaqI A, rs1800497 and DRD4 exon III VNTR) in opioid dependence for the first time. We found that the -141delC polymorphism was significantly associated with increased risk of opioid dependence (homozygote comparison: odds ratios [OR], 2.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.74-4.22; dominant comparison: OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.09-1.48). Similarly, the TaqI A1 polymorphism was also significantly increased opioid dependence risk (homozygote comparison: OR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.25-3.42; dominant comparison: OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.08-1.67). Moreover, long allele (≥5-repeat) and 7-repeat allele of DRD4 exon III VNTR were found to be associated with significantly increased opioid dependence risk (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.24-1.80 and OR, 1.57; 95%, 1.18-2.09, respectively). However, no association was detected between the DRD2 311 Ser > Cys polymorphism and opioid dependence. In conclusion, our results suggested that DRD2 -141ins/delC, DRD2-related TaqI A and DRD4 exon III VNTR polymorphisms might play important roles in the development of opioid dependence.

Association between the TPH1 A218C polymorphism and risk of mood disorders and alcohol dependence: evidence from the current studies.

BACKGROUND: Several studies have assessed the association between genetic polymorphisms of tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH1) and risk of mood disorders and alcohol dependence, with controversial results. Our aim was to assess the association of TPH1 A218C polymorphism (rs1800532) with mood disorders, including major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder, and alcohol dependence by using meta-analysis. METHODS: Data were collected from the related literatures published until November 25, 2010 from MEDLINE, EMBASE and ISI Web of Science databases, and meta-analysis stratified by ethnicity was performed in either fixed or random effect model as appropriate by using Stata Statistical Package (version 10.0). RESULTS: Twenty-seven individual studies were included in the current study, among which, there were 9 studies for bipolar disorder, with 1951 cases and 2161 controls, 14 studies for major depressive disorder, with 2340 cases and 3204 controls, and 4 studies for alcohol dependence, with 601 cases and 711 controls. We found that in Caucasian population, the TPH1 218AA genotype was significantly associated with increased bipolar disorder risk (recessive comparison: OR, 1.42; Bonferroni-adjusted P=0.006; homozygote comparison: OR, 1.63; Bonferroni-adjusted P=0.072), and elevated alcohol dependence risk (recessive comparison: OR, 1.83; Bonferroni-adjusted P=0.012), while the association was not significant in Asian population. Moreover, the A218C polymorphism did not appear to have any effect on major depressive disorder risk either in Caucasians or in Asians. CONCLUSION: The TPH1 A218C polymorphism is a potential biomarker for bipolar disorder and alcohol dependence risk in Caucasian population.