The cell adhesion gene PVRL3 is associated with congenital ocular defects.

We describe a male patient (patient DGAP113) with a balanced translocation, 46,XY,t(1;3)(q31.3;q13.13), severe bilateral congenital cataracts, CNS abnormalities and mild developmental delay. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and suppression PCR demonstrated that the chromosome 3 breakpoint lies ~515 kb upstream of the PVRL3 gene, while the chromosome 1 breakpoint lies ~50 kb upstream of the NEK7 gene. Despite the fact that NEK7 is closer to a translocation breakpoint than PVRL3, NEK7 transcript levels are unaltered in patient DGAP113 lymphoblastoid cells and Nek7-deficient mice exhibit no detectable ocular phenotype. In contrast, the expression of PVRL3, which encodes the cell adhesion protein Nectin 3, is significantly reduced in patient DGAP113 lymphoblastoid cells, likely due to a position effect caused by the chromosomal translocation. Nectin 3 is expressed in the mouse embryonic ciliary body and lens. Moreover, Pvrl3 knockout mice as well as a spontaneous mouse mutant ari (anterior retinal inversion), that maps to the Pvrl3 locus, exhibit lens and other ocular defects involving the ciliary body. Collectively, these data identify PVRL3 as a critical gene involved in a Nectin-mediated cell-cell adhesion mechanism in human ocular development.

Healthy aging and preclinical dementia: the United States-Israel Longitudinal Database project.

This article proposes the establishment of a United States-Israel Longitudinal Database for Healthy Aging and Preclinical Dementia as a prototype model for the eventual creation of an international database. It is envisioned that such a comprehensive international database, as a shared research resource, will provide the foundation for a systems approach to solve the dual public health problems of: (1) Early detection of individuals at an elevated risk of developing Alzheimer's disease, and (2) Developing interventions to delay onset of, or prevent, chronic brain disorders later in life.

STK405759 as a combination therapy with bortezomib or dexamethasone, in in vitro and in vivo multiple myeloma models.

Multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable hematological malignancy. Combination regimens of conventional and novel drugs have improved patient's survival. However, most patients inevitably relapse and become refractory to the current therapeutic armamentarium. We investigated the efficacy of combining the microtubule-targeting agent STK405759 with dexamethasone or bortezomib in vitro and in vivo. STK405759 combined with dexamethasone or bortezomib had synergistic cytotoxic activity in RPMIS, CAG and MM1.S human MM cell lines through activation of caspase 2, 3, 8, 9 and PARP. These treatments remained cytotoxic in the presence of bone marrow stroma cells. In other MM cells, including cells resistant to vincristine, melphalan, mitoxantrone or dexamethasone, these combinations decreased significantly survival as compared to single agents. In in vivo studies, STK405759 disrupted existing blood vessels in xenograft tumors, acting not only as a cytotoxic agent but also as an anti-angiogenic drug. Mice treated with STK405759 in combination with dexamethasone or bortezomib resulted in greater tumor growth inhibition, increased overall response and prolonged survival as compared to as compared to BTZ or DEXA alone. Their anticancer activity was mediated by activation of apoptosis and reduction of tumor microvessel density. These preclinical studies provide the rationale for future clinical trials of STK405759, dexamethasone and bortezomib combinations to improve the outcome of multiple myeloma patients.