Virtual and augmented reality in cardiovascular care in low and middle income country.

The global health sector has witnessed an escalating integration of Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) technologies, particularly in high-income countries. The application of these cutting-edge technologies is gradually extending to Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), notably in the domain of cardiovascular care. AR and VR technologies are revolutionizing cardiovascular care by offering solutions for diagnosis, medical training, and surgical planning. AR and VR provide detailed and immersive visualizations of cardiac structures, aiding in diagnosis and intervention planning. In cardiovascular care, VR reduces patient-reported pain, eases anxiety, and accelerates post-procedural recovery. AR and VR are also valuable for life support training, creating immersive and controlled learning environments. AR and VR have the potential to significantly impact healthcare in low- and middle-income countries with enhanced accessibility and affordability. This review outlines the existing spectrum of VR and AR adoption and its burgeoning utility in the cardiovascular domain within LMICs.

Bidirectional relationship between pancreatic cancer and diabetes mellitus: a comprehensive literature review.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a fatal malignant disease. It is well known that the relationship between PC and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complicated bidirectional relationship. The most important factors causing increased risks of pancreatic cancer are hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinemia, pancreatitis, and dyslipidemia. Genetics and the immune system also play an important role in the relationship between diabetes mellitus and pancreatic cancer. The primary contributors to this association involve insulin resistance and inflammatory processes within the tumour microenvironment. The combination of diabetes and obesity can contribute to PC by inducing hyperinsulinemia and influencing leptin and adiponectin levels. Given the heightened incidence of pancreatic cancer in diabetes patients compared to the general population, early screening for pancreatic cancer is recommended. Diabetes negatively impacts the survival of pancreatic cancer patients. Among patients receiving chemotherapy, it reduced their survival. The implementation of a healthy lifestyle, including weight management, serves as an initial preventive measure to mitigate the risk of disease development. The role of anti-diabetic drugs on survival is controversial; however, metformin may have a positive impact, especially in the early stages of cancer, while insulin therapy increases the risk of PC.

Parallel pathogens: Coexistence of chickenpox and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura-A case report.

This case report documents the unusual co-occurrence of immune thrombocytopena (ITP) and chickenpox in a 15-year-old girl. Initial symptoms included shortness of breath, chest pain, and heavy menstrual bleeding. Laboratory results revealed significant anemia and thrombocytopenia. Treatment involved blood transfusions, prednisolone, and iron supplementation. The patient's vesicular skin rash emerged 8 weeks later, prompting the combined diagnosis of ITP and chickenpox. Antiviral treatments, blood transfusions, and supportive care were used in the course of treatment, leading to full recovery. This case emphasizes the importance of prompt diagnosis, appropriate management, and regular follow-up for patients with both chickenpox and ITP. The coexistence of chickenpox and ITP poses a clinical challenge due to the complex interaction between the viral infection and the immune system. The exact mechanism linking these two conditions remains unclear, making it a baffling case that warrants investigation and further understanding. As low is the occurrence of hemorrhagic chickenpox, the presentation of simultaneous chicken pox with or following ITP was found to be rarer, and thus is this enigmatic case presented. Healthcare providers should remain vigilant about such co-occurrences to prevent complications. In order to improve treatment for instances with comparable clinical presentations and advance our collective knowledge, further study is required to better understand the mechanisms relating viral infections and ITP.