The combination therapy with esomeprazole and flupenthixol/melitracen in symptom improvement of erosive gastritis complicated with negative feelings compared with Esomeprazole alone.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the co-prescription efficacy of esomeprazole and flupenthixol/melitracen relative to that of solitary esomeprazole on erosive gastritis complicated with negative feelings. 140 erosive gastritis patients complicated with negative feelings enrolled in the present study. Seventy cases in the control group took esomeprazole, and 70 cases in the observation group received esomeprazole plus flupenthixol/Melitracen, both for 4 weeks. We gastroscopically checked the clinical symptoms, mucosal erosion, PGE2 and MDA levels in gastric mucosa, anxiety, depression, and recurrence before and after treatment in the groups. After treatment, the observation group had lower scores of clinical symptoms, mucosal erosions, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMA) than the control group (p<0.05); as well, the observation group showed higher PGE2 and lower MDA levels than the control group (p<0.05); during six months of follow-up (100% follow-up rate), 16 and 34 recurrent cases occurred, respectively, in the observation and control groups (p<0.05).  Co-prescription of esomeprazole and flupenthixol/melitracen improved the clinical symptoms and mucosal erosions, relieved negative feelings and reduced the recurrence rate. The efficacy of the co-prescription is higher than that of the solitary prescription.

Resibufogenin inhibited colorectal cancer cell growth and tumorigenesis through triggering ferroptosis and ROS production mediated by GPX4 inactivation.

Resibufogenin (RB) has been used for cancer treatment, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of RB treatment on colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, and to determine the underlying mechanisms. The cell counting kit-8 assay was used to determine cell viability. Cell morphology was observed under light microscopy, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assay was employed to detect cell apoptosis. Intracellular ferrous iron (Fe2+ ), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and reactive oxygen species levels were detected by using commercial iron assay kit, MDA assay kit, GSH assay kit, and 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate probes, respectively. The protein expressions were determined by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. RB inhibited cell viability in the CRC cell lines (HT29 and SW480) in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and caused cytotoxicity to the normal colonic epithelial cell line (NCM460) at high dose. Similarly, RB induced morphological changes in CRC cells from normal to round shape, and promoted cell death. Of note, RB triggered oxidative stress and ferroptotic cell death in CRC cells, and only ferroptosis inhibitors (deferoxamine and ferrostatin-1), instead of inhibitors for other types of cell death (apoptosis, autophagy, and necroptosis), reversed the inhibitory effects of RB on CRC cell proliferation. Furthermore, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) was inactivated by RB treatment, and overexpression of GPX4 alleviated RB-induced oxidative cell death in CRC cells. Consistently, the in vivo experiments validated that RB also triggered oxidative stress, and inhibited CRC cells growth and tumorigenicity in mice models. RB can inhibit CRC cells growth and tumorigenesis by triggering ferroptotic cell death in a GPX4 inactivation-dependent manner.