Imaging the Double Bubble: A Case of Duodenal Atresia Detected in Late Pregnancy.

Duodenal atresia is a rare congenital gastrointestinal obstruction, usually recognized by a prominent "double bubble" sign on prenatal imaging. This case report presents a diagnosis of duodenal atresia in a fetus in the third trimester. The mother presented late for an antenatal ultrasound, which revealed the classic "double bubble" sign. Postpartum abdominal radiographs confirmed the diagnosis, showing an air-filled, dilated abdomen and proximal duodenum with no distal bowel without any gas. A successful surgical operation was performed. This case highlights the importance of imaging in the diagnosis and timeliness of management of duodenal atresia.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Radiation-Induced Brachial Plexopathy.

This report illustrates the case of a 37-year-old woman following chemoradiotherapy for invasive ductal carcinoma of the right breast. The patient underwent surgery and received a radiation dose of 50 gray to the chest wall and 45 gray to the regional lymph nodes in 25 total fractions. She developed motor and sensory weakness in the right upper limb eight years after treatment. Brachial plexus neuropathy in cancer patients may result from either trauma to the plexus during surgery, the spread of cancer, or radiation therapy, and distinguishing between them may be difficult. The case highlights the importance of recognizing the signs, symptoms, and possible differential diagnosis of radiation-induced brachial plexopathy in cancer patients post-radiation therapy. It emphasizes the role of magnetic resonance imaging in the careful assessment and diagnosis of such a case.

A Comprehensive Review of Sonographic Assessment of Peripheral Slow-Flow Vascular Malformations.

This comprehensive review explores the role of sonographic assessment in diagnosing and characterizing peripheral slow-flow vascular malformations (PSFVM). The review begins with an introduction providing the background and significance of PSFVM, defining these vascular anomalies, and emphasizing the importance of sonography in their diagnosis. The objectives focus on a thorough examination of existing literature, assessing the effectiveness of sonography in delineating morphological and hemodynamic features crucial for accurate classification. The summary of key findings highlights the diagnostic accuracy of sonography while acknowledging its limitations. Implications for clinical practice emphasize the practical utility of sonography in early diagnosis and preoperative planning, suggesting integration into multimodal approaches. The conclusion underscores the need for standardized criteria, ongoing education, and future research, positioning sonography as a valuable tool in the comprehensive management of PSFVM.

Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Evaluation of Trigeminal Neuralgia Using Steady-State Imaging.

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) poses diagnostic challenges due to its complex origins, often associated with neurovascular compression. Advanced imaging techniques, particularly magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with the fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition (FIESTA) sequence, offer crucial insights into TN pathophysiology. This prospective cross-sectional observational study aimed to elucidate MRI's utility in diagnosing TN and correlating imaging findings with clinical manifestations and treatment outcomes. A cohort of 41 patients clinically suspected of TN underwent MRI evaluation at Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, utilizing various sequences including FIESTA. Analysis revealed a higher incidence among females, predominant unilateral presentation, and a higher prevalence of abnormal MRI findings, with neurovascular compression as the leading etiology. Correlation analysis demonstrated significant associations between facial pain localized to the trigeminal nerve distribution, triggering factors, and abnormal MRI findings. Gender distribution did not significantly influence MRI findings. Treatment outcomes favored microvascular surgery over conservative management in cases of neurovascular compression. This study underscores MRI's pivotal role, particularly FIESTA, in TN evaluation, guiding personalized treatment strategies and emphasizing the importance of integrated clinical and imaging approaches. Further research is warranted to validate these findings and explore additional imaging modalities for a deeper understanding of TN pathogenesis.

A Study of High-Resolution Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Shoulder Joint Pain at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Central India.

Objective This study aims to investigate the diagnostic efficacy of high-resolution ultrasound (USG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with shoulder joint pain at a tertiary care hospital in Central India. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital from 2021 to 2024. The study population consisted of patients with shoulder pain, without fractures, who were evaluated using USG and MRI. Participants with infective arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, previous shoulder surgery, or contraindications for MRI were excluded. Data were recorded and analyzed using Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Washington) and R 4.2.0 software (The R Foundation, Vienna, Austria). Sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to compare the diagnostic performance of USG and MRI. Results A total of 80 patients were included, with 49 (61%) males and 31 (39%) females. The MRI findings showed supraspinatus partial tears in 44 (55%) cases, complete tears in 10 (12.5%), and various other shoulder pathologies. USG detected supraspinatus partial tears in 16 (19.5%) and complete tears in seven (8.8%). Kappa statistics indicated moderate to high agreement between USG and MRI for several pathologies, with near-perfect agreement for complete tears. Conclusion High-resolution USG is a valuable tool for the initial assessment of shoulder joint pain, providing reliable diagnostic information with high agreement levels with MRI for complete tears and certain shoulder conditions. MRI remains indispensable for comprehensive evaluation, particularly for partial tears and complex pathologies.

The Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Evaluation of Knee Pain.

Objectives This study aimed to characterize and compare the features of traumatic and non-traumatic lesions causing knee pain through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Method The study was conducted at a tertiary care center, with data sourced from patients visiting the outpatient and in-patient departments. It involved a descriptive cross-sectional research design focusing on patients referred for knee MRI scanning. The sample size was calculated using Cochran's formula as 112 for symptomatic patients with knee pain with a 95% confidence interval. The MRI findings in 112 patients were analyzed and associated with a history of trauma. Results The average age recorded was 35.38 years. Females made up 41.07% (n=46) of the sample, while males accounted for 58.93% (n=66). Among the participants, the majority (n=82; 71.43%) had a history of trauma, and the most common MRI finding was joint effusion (n=74; 66.1%). The second most common was anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries (n=71; 63.4%), followed by meniscus injury (n=40; 35.71%). The study confirms that those with history of trauma are at a higher risk (p<0.05) of sustaining injuries like meniscus and ACL tears, collateral ligament damage, bone contusions, chondromalacia patella, and joint effusion. Conclusion In conclusion, the consistency of our findings with existing studies reinforces the pivotal role of MRI in the evaluation of knee pain. Despite its limitations, including cost and accessibility, MRI remains a gold standard for diagnosing a wide range of knee pathologies, offering unparalleled detail and accuracy that significantly enhance clinical decision-making and patient outcomes.

Radiological Features of Extramedullary Hematopoiesis in a Young Male With Beta-Thalassemia: A Case Report.

The formation of the blood elements and their maturation is called hematopoiesis. In adults, this typically takes place in the bone marrow of vertebrae, ribs, and long bones. In contrast, during fetal development, the primary sites of hematopoiesis are the spleen, liver, and the yolk sac. This process of hematopoiesis, when it occurs in sites other than the bone marrow, is called the extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH). Extramedullary hematopoiesis usually happens in patients with blood disorders like sickle cell disease and thalassemia, where there is failure of hematopoiesis in the primary sites. Here, we present a young male with beta-thalassemia who presented with shortness of breath and palpitations for one month. This manuscript discusses the imaging findings of the EMH in our patient.

A Comprehensive Review on the Diagnosis of Knee Injury by Deep Learning-Based Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

The continual improvement in the field of medical diagnosis has led to the monopoly of using deep learning (DL)-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the diagnosis of knee injury related to meniscal injury, ligament injury including the cruciate ligaments, collateral ligaments and medial patella-femoral ligament, and cartilage injury. The present systematic review was done by PubMed and Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), wherein we finalised 24 studies conducted on the accuracy of DL MRI studies for knee injury identification. The studies showed an accuracy of 72.5% to 100% indicating that DL MRI holds an equivalent performance as humans in decision-making and management of knee injuries. This further opens up future exploration for improving MRI-based diagnosis keeping in mind the limitations of verification bias and data imbalance in ground truth subjectivity.

A Case of Phlebectasia in a Child Presenting With Neck Mass.

Jugular phlebectasia is an enlargement of the jugular vein that manifests as a soft, cystic lump in the neck which can be compressed, becomes prominent on crying or straining and disappears on rest. It needs to be distinguished from laryngocele, neck cysts, and tumours that can also develop with straining. We report a case of a seven-year-old boy presenting with a cervical cystic mass. Comparable computed tomography and ultrasonography findings helped identify the pathology.

Adamantinoma: An Uncommon Cause of Bone Pain in a Young Adolescent Male.

Adamantinoma, an uncommon low-grade primary malignant bone tumor, rarely causes leg pain in adolescents and typically manifests in the lower extremities, with a notable preference for the tibia, although occurrences in other bones such as the femur, fibula, and pelvis have been documented. Instances of local recurrence and regional metastasis are infrequent. This case report aims to comprehensively review the clinical presentation, imaging features, histological findings, and management of adamantinoma. The presented case involves a 17-year-old male patient with a four-year history of edema and discomfort in the right anterior leg. Radiographic examination of the proximal tibia revealed a well-defined, expansile lytic-sclerotic lesion with multiple septae and a partially sclerotic border. Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed the nature of the lesion, and a biopsy, followed by histological analysis, confirmed the diagnosis of adamantinoma. This case highlights the significance of a multidisciplinary approach, emphasizing close collaboration among radiology, pathology, and orthopedic oncology in adamantinoma management. Long-term follow-up is imperative for monitoring recurrence and administering timely therapy. The objective of this case report is to contribute to an improved understanding of adamantinoma and offer guidance on the treatment of this uncommon bone tumor.

Post-COVID-19 Myositis Based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Case Report.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19, which is known to cause fever, dry cough, exhaustion, headache, and loss of taste and smell. Although fever, sore throat, and cough have historically been the utmost characteristic symptoms of the illness, published case reports have recently started to emphasize additional uncommon and unusual presentations of infection with the coronavirus. In COVID, the musculoskeletal system is seldomly involved. In addition to reviewing the causes and imaging characteristics of COVID-19-related illnesses of the musculoskeletal system, we elaborate on a case of a middle-aged man who developed myositis as sequelae to the COVID-19 infection.

Intracranial Rosai-Dorfman Disease: A Case to Remember.

Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (SHML), an alternative term for Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD), is a rare benign idiopathic immune-related lymphoproliferative condition. The central nervous system (CNS) has been documented to be involved in RDD, although lymph nodes are the organs that are most frequently and primarily associated with the disease manifestation. Nonetheless, CNS involvement in RDD is rare and poorly understood. As a result, there is a lack of a solid basis for therapeutic approaches for CNS involvement in RDD. Here, we present a case of RDD with cerebral involvement, a rare presentation of RDD with atypical symptoms. A brief assessment of the radiographic appearance, histological findings, and the peculiar manifestations of the disease is provided.