Unveiling the temperature-dependent thermoelectric properties of the undoped and Na-doped monolayer SnSe allotropes: a comparative study.

Motivated by the excellent thermoelectric (TE) performance of bulk SnSe, extensive attention has been drawn to the TE properties of the monolayer SnSe. To uncover the fundamental mechanism of manipulating the TE performance of the SnSe monolayer, we perform a systematic study on the TE properties of five monolayer SnSe allotropes such asα-,ß-,γ-,δ-, andε-SnSe based on the density functional theory and the non-equilibrium Green's functions. By comparing the TE properties of the Na-doped SnSe allotropes with the undoped ones, the influences of the Na doping and the temperature on the TE properties are deeply investigated. It is shown that the figure of meritZTwill increase as the temperature increases, which is the same for almost all the Na-doped and undoped cases. The Na doping can enhance or suppress theZTin different SnSe allotropes at different temperatures, implying the presence of the anomalous suppression of theZT. The Na doping inducedZTsuppression may be caused basically by the sharp decrease of the power factor and the weak decrease of the electronic thermal conductance, rather than by the decrease of the phononic thermal conductance. We hope this work will be able to enrich the understanding of the manipulation of TE properties by means of dimensions, structurization, doping, and temperature.

Prognostic value of the baseline magnetic resonance score in patients with acute posterior circulation ischaemic stroke after mechanical thrombectomy.

AIM: To investigate the prognostic value of the composite posterior circulation Acute Stroke Prognosis Early Computed tomography (CT) Score (ASPECTS)-Collaterals (pcASCO) score, which combines diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) posterior circulation ASPECTS (pcASPECTS) and the magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)-collateral circulation score at baseline among patients with acute posterior circulation ischaemic stroke after mechanical thrombectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with acute posterior circulation ischaemic stroke who underwent mechanical thrombectomy were analysed retrospectively. The DWI-pcASPECTS and MRA-collateral circulation score before treatment and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 90 days after treatment were used as the endpoints. An mRS ≤2 was defined as a good prognosis, and an mRS ≥3 was defined as a poor prognosis. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyse independent predictors of functional outcome 90 days after mechanical thrombectomy. RESULTS: Mechanical thrombectomy was performed in 57 patients; 38 patients had a good prognosis, 19 patients had a poor prognosis, and 33 patients were successfully recanalised. Univariate logistic regression found that National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score (OR: 1.18, p<0.001), pcASPECTS (OR: 1.91, p=0.028) and pcASCO score (OR: 0.51, p=0.001) were factors of good functional outcome. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) analysis showed that the diagnostic efficiency of the NIHSS and pcASCO was better (AUC = 0.88, 0.83, p<0.05) than that of the pcASPECTS (AUC = 0.65). The prediction model was established by age, NIHSS, and pcASCO, and the diagnostic efficiency of the prediction model was better (AUC = 0.94). CONCLUSIONS: The composite MR-pcASCO score can be used as an important predictor of the prognosis of patients with acute posterior circulation ischaemic stroke after mechanical thrombectomy.

Changes in menopausal symptoms comparing oral estradiol versus transdermal estradiol.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of oral and transdermal estradiol in alleviating menopausal symptoms. METHOD: A total of 257 recently menopausal women were randomized into two groups. The t-E2 group received transdermal estradiol (2.5 g per day) (n = 128) and the o-E2V group received oral estradiol valerate (2 mg per day) (n = 129) for 24 weeks; both groups received micronized progesterone (200 mg per day). The primary outcome measure is the change in the modified Kupperman Menopausal Index (KMI) after 24 weeks of treatment. Menopausal symptoms were recorded at screening and at 4, 12 and 24 weeks using both the KMI and the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS). RESULTS: Significant amelioration was observed by KMI and MRS scores for both groups after treatment (p < 0.001). The mean KMI scores showed no difference between the two groups. The mean MRS scores were similar between the two groups at baseline and after 4 weeks of treatment. The results showed statistical differences after 12 weeks and 24 weeks of treatment (p = 0.005 and p = 0.011). Both the after-treatment scores minus the baseline scores of KMI and MRS and the incidence of adverse effects showed no difference between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that both transdermal and oral estradiol are effective in relieving menopausal symptoms, with little difference in treatment efficacy and safety. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: ChiCTR2300073146.

Interaction between handgrip strength and vitamin D deficiency on all-cause mortality in community-dwelling older adults: a prospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: Muscle strength decline and vitamin D deficiency are coexisting conditions associated with multiple adverse health outcomes. This prospective study aimed to investigate the multiplicative and additive interactions between handgrip strength (HS) and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] on all-cause mortality in Chinese community-dwelling older adults. STUDY DESIGN: This is a population-based cohort study. METHODS: 2635 older adults (85.15 ± 12.01 years) were recruited from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (2012-2018). Low HS was defined according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 updated consensus (<28 kg for men and <18 kg for women). Serum 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L were defined as vitamin D deficiency. Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the association of HS and 25(OH)D with all-cause mortality. Socio-demographics, health status, and clinical characteristics were included as covariates. RESULTS: 1715 (65.09 %) and 1885 (71.54 %) participants had low HS and vitamin D deficiency, respectively. During a median follow-up of 3.52 years, 1107 older people died. After multivariable adjustment, both HS and 25(OH)D levels were inversely associated with all-cause mortality risk (Ps < 0.001). The hazard ratios (HRs) of low HS and vitamin D deficiency for all-cause mortality were 1.73 (95 % CI: 1.41-2.13) and 1.61 (95 % CI: 1.32-1.93), respectively. Although significant multiplicative interactions were not found, the association between low HS and all-cause mortality was attenuated in the higher 25(OH)D subgroup than in the lower 25(OH)D subgroup (stratified by 50 nmol/L). The multiple-adjusted HR of mortality for combined low HS and vitamin D deficiency was 2.18 (95 % CI: 1.73-2.56), which was higher than that for these two conditions alone. Significant additive interactions between low HS and vitamin D deficiency on mortality were observed (relative excess risk due to interaction: 0.71, 95 % CI: 0.37-1.05). CONCLUSIONS: Low HS and low 25(OH)D levels synergistically increased the risk of all-cause mortality. Our results added new insights to the priority of early detection for older adults with comorbid muscle strength decline and vitamin D deficiency.

[Concomitant extragenital malformations of female reproductive tract anomalies: analysis of 444 cases in Peking Union Medical College Hospital].

Objective: To analyze the incidence and clinical phenotype of the concomitant extragenital malformations in the patients with female reproductive tract anomalies. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using clinical data of hospitalized patients diagnosed with uterine, cervical, or vaginal malformations from January 2003 to December 2022 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital. The malformations were classified according to American Society for Reproductive Medicine müllerian anomalies classification 2021, and in each type, the incidence and specific manifestations of concomitant extragnital malformations were analyzed. Results: A total of 444 patients were included. The overall incidence of concomitant extragenital malformations was 43.5% (193/444), including urinary system, skeletal system, and other system malformations. Renal malformations on the obstructed side were present in all patients with oblique vaginal septum syndrome (100.0%, 78/78). The total incidence of concomitant extragnital malformations was as high as 8/11 in uterus didelphys, 43.5% (10/23) in unicornuate uterus, 33.6% (79/235) in Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome, 18.8% (6/32) in septate uterus and 18.5% (12/65) in cervical agenesis. Urinary system malformations (30.6%, 136/444) and skeletal system malformations (13.5%, 60/444) were the most common concomitant malformations in all types, in which, unilateral renal agenesis and scoliosis were the most common. Conclusions: Urinary and skeletal system malformations are important features of female reproductive tract anomalies. Urologic ultrasonography and spinal roentgenogram are recommended for all patients with female reproductive tract anomalies.

[Annual progress on bronchial asthma diagnosis and treatment in 2023].

Bronchial asthma (referred to as asthma) is a common chronic inflammatory airway disease mediated by various immune cells, cytokines, and inflammatory mediators. This disease exhibits considerable heterogeneity in clinical symptoms, severity, and treatment outcomes, posing significant challenges to the diagnosis and treatment of asthma. This article reviews the literature on both basic and clinical research in asthma, published from October 1, 2022 to September 30, 2023. The review focuses on summarizing and elucidating four aspects of asthma: pathogenesis, diagnosis, assessment, and treatment. The aim is to provide more evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment and offer new perspectives for future research.

[A study on the distribution characteristics of peripheral retinal defocus in children and adolescents].

Objective: To explore the distribution characteristics of peripheral retinal defocus in children and adolescents. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 500 individuals aged 3 to 18 years, who visited the People's Hospital of Lincang, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University and Dali Ophthalmology Hospital between January and December 2021. Data of the right eye of each participant was analyzed. There were 226 males (45.20%) and 274 females (54.80%), with an average age of (10.79±3.79) years. All participants underwent post-cycloplegic refraction, optical biometry, and intraocular pressure measurement to obtain spherical equivalent, average corneal curvature, axial length, and intraocular pressure. Multispectral refraction topography was performed to obtain topographic maps and values at various field angles and orientations of peripheral retinal defocus. Based on multispectral refraction topography, peripheral retinal defocus values were categorized as crater type, hemilateral upturn type, saddle type, and relatively flat type. The distribution of different refractive states was analyzed. Results: The spherical equivalent of the 500 participants was(-1.51±2.61) D, axial length was (24.10±1.28) mm, and average corneal curvature was (43.20±1.22) D. Among the 500 eyes, 382 exhibited hyperopic peripheral retinal defocus values, with 316 eyes (82.72%) being myopic. Myopic peripheral retinal defocus values were observed in 118 eyes, with 15 eyes (12.72%) being myopic. Among different types of peripheral retinal defocus values, 112 eyes (22.4%) exhibited a crater type, 153 eyes (30.6%) exhibited a hemilateral upturn type, 107 eyes (21.4%) exhibited a saddle type, and 128 eyes (25.6%) exhibited a flat type. The proportion of myopia was 82.14% (92 eyes), 69.28% (106 eyes), 60.75% (65 eyes), and 3.90% (5 eyes), respectively. The peripheral retinal defocus values at 15°, 30°, and 45° were (0.01±0.08) D, (0.06±0.21) D, and (0.20±0.37) D, respectively. The peripheral retinal defocus values at temporal, inferior, nasal, and superior locations were (0.58±0.69) D, (0.52±0.63) D, (0.21±0.64) D, and (-0.26±0.67) D, respectively. Notably, the superior primarily manifested as myopic, while the others were predominantly hyperopic. Conclusions: Approximately three-fourths of children and adolescents exhibit hyperopic peripheral retinal defocus values, with a higher prevalence of myopia in this subgroup. The hyperopia peripheral retinal defocus value increases with the distance from the retina to the macula. The peripheral retinal defocus values between superior and inferior, nasal and temporal locations are asymmetrical, with the temporal hyperopic peripheral retinal defocus value being most prominent and the superior myopic peripheral retinal defocus value being most evident.

[A case of high-pressure injection injury of hand complicated with deep chemical burn caused by industrial cement].

This article reports a patient with extensive high-pressure injection injury of the hand combined with deep chemical burn caused by high-pressure injection of industrial cement materials was diagnosed and treated in the Department of Hand Surgery, Xiaolan Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University in 2022. The nerves, tendons and blood vessels of the left hand were involved, and the ulnar skin of the left thumb was extensively necrosis, and a large number of extensive cement foreign bodies remained under the skin. Part of the cement was inserted into the joint capsule of the interphalangeal joint. After emergency surgical treatment, the patient was saved successfully, and the wound healed well without chemical poisoning and other related complications, which created conditions for the second stage of flap repair.

Circulating tumor DNA analysis of the phase III VOYAGER trial: KIT mutational landscape and outcomes in patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumor treated with avapritinib or regorafenib.

BACKGROUND: The current treatment paradigm of imatinib-resistant metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) does not incorporate KIT/PDGFRA genotypes in therapeutic drug sequencing, except for PDGFRA exon 18-mutant GIST that is indicated for avapritinib treatment. Here, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) sequencing was used to analyze plasma samples prospectively collected in the phase III VOYAGER trial to understand how the KIT/PDGFRA mutational landscape contributes to tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) resistance and to determine its clinical validity and utility. PATIENTS AND METHODS: VOYAGER (N = 476) compared avapritinib with regorafenib in patients with KIT/PDGFRA-mutant GIST previously treated with imatinib and one or two additional TKIs (NCT03465722). KIT/PDGFRA ctDNA mutation profiling of plasma samples at baseline and end of treatment was assessed with 74-gene Guardant360® CDx. Molecular subgroups were determined and correlated with outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 386/476 patients with KIT/PDGFRA-mutant tumors underwent baseline (pre-trial treatment) ctDNA analysis; 196 received avapritinib and 190 received regorafenib. KIT and PDGFRA mutations were detected in 75.1% and 5.4%, respectively. KIT resistance mutations were found in the activation loop (A-loop; 80.4%) and ATP-binding pocket (ATP-BP; 40.8%); 23.4% had both. An average of 2.6 KIT mutations were detected per patient; 17.2% showed 4-14 different KIT resistance mutations. Of all pathogenic KIT variants, 28.0% were novel, including alterations in exons/codons previously unreported. PDGFRA mutations showed similar patterns. ctDNA-detected KIT ATP-BP mutations negatively prognosticated avapritinib activity, with a median progression-free survival (mPFS) of 1.9 versus 5.6 months for regorafenib. mPFS for regorafenib did not vary regardless of the presence or absence of ATP-BP/A-loop mutants and was greater than mPFS with avapritinib in this population. Secondary KIT ATP-BP pocket mutation variants, particularly V654A, were enriched upon disease progression with avapritinib. CONCLUSIONS: ctDNA sequencing efficiently detects KIT/PDGFRA mutations and prognosticates outcomes in patients with TKI-resistant GIST treated with avapritinib. ctDNA analysis can be used to monitor disease progression and provide more personalized treatment.

Spin-dependent thermoelectric transport properties of Cr-doped blue phosphorene.

We systematically investigate the thermoelectric (TE) properties of the Cr-doped blue phosphorene (blue-P) along the armchair and zigzag directions. First, we find the semiconducting band structure of the blue-P will become spin-polarized due to the Cr-doping, and can be seriously changed by the doping concentration. Then we show the Seebeck coefficient, the electronic conductance, the thermal conductance, and the figures of meritZTs are all dependent on the transport directions and doping concentration. However, two pairs of the peaks of the charge and spinZTs can be always observed with the low-height (high-height) pair on the side of the negative (positive) Fermi energy. In addition, at temperature 300 K the extrema of the charge (spin)ZTs of the blue-P along the two directions are kept to be larger than 22 (90) for the different doping concentrations and will be further enhanced at lower temperature. Therefore, we believe the Cr-doped blue-P should be a versatile high-performance TE material which may be used in the fields of the thermorelectrics and spin caloritronics.

Electronic structures, transport properties, and optical absorption of bilayer blue phosphorene nanoribbons.

Based on first-principles density functional theory and nonequilibrium Green's function, we study the electronic band structures, the electronic transport properties, and the optical absorption of bilayer blue phosphorene nanoribbons (BPNRs). Both bilayer armchair BPNRs (a-BPNRs) and zigzag BPNRs (z-BPNRs) behave as semiconductors in the narrow nanoribbon case and metals in the wide nanoribbon case, sharply different from their monolayer counterparts where the monolayer a-BPNRs (z-BPNRs) are always semiconducting (metallic). This indicates that interlayer couplings or the increasing layer number may induce the switching of the conductivity of the monolayer BPNRs, which is absent in graphene and phosphorene nanoribbons. Furthermore, we explore the edge states of the energy bands near Fermi energy, and find that there are almost no pure edge-state band branches in the bilayer BPNRs, which can be attributed to the interlayer couplings between the edge-states in one layer and the bulk-states in the other. Consequently, the resulting complex band structures cannot be directly analyzed any more in the framework of the two-body coupling picture just according to the simple band structures of the monolayer BPNRs. Finally, we present the current-voltage characteristics and the optical absorption of the bilayer a-BPNRs and z-BPNRs. The influences of the nanoribbon width and the interlayer couplings on the current and the anisotropic optical absorption can be understood based on the complex energy band structures. This research should be an important reference of extending the field of BPNRs from the monolayer to the bilayer case, and deepen the understanding of the difference between the monolayer and bilayer nanoribbons in different materials.

Endovascular treatment for acute ischaemic stroke caused by isolated internal carotid artery occlusion: treatment strategies, outcomes, and prognostic factors.

AIM: To describe the experience of endovascular treatment (EVT) of acute ischaemic stroke caused by isolated internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion, with emphasis on treatment strategies, outcomes, and prognostic factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective examination was performed of 66 consecutive patients with acute moderate-to-severe stroke who underwent EVT for isolated ICA occlusion from July 2016 to June 2021. The modified thrombolysis in cerebral ischaemia (mTICI) score was used to evaluate reperfusion outcomes. A multivariate analysis was performed to identify risk factors associated with poor 90-day outcome (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] 3-6). RESULTS: The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) median score of the 66 patients at admission was 15. Twelve patients (18.2%) showed thrombus migration to the M1 segment or proximal M2 during EVT and underwent additional intracranial thrombectomy. Successful reperfusion (mTICI 2b-3) was achieved in 60 patients (90.9%) and complete reperfusion (mTICI 3) in 42 (63.6%). A poor functional outcome was seen in 27 patients (40.9%). The rate of 90-day mortality was 9.1% (6/66). Higher NIHSS scores and a lower Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) were independently associated with poor outcomes. Complete reperfusion was the only treatment factor with a significant predictive value (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.03; 95% CI = 0.01 to 0.25; p=0.001). CONCLUSION: Endovascular therapy is safe and effective in patients with acute ischaemic stroke due to isolated ICA occlusion. Prevention of thrombus migration and complete reperfusion should be the aim of EVT.

Prognostic value of multiphase CT angiography: estimated infarct core volume in the patients with acute ischaemic stroke after mechanical thrombectomy.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Recent studies reported the feasibility of quantifying a reliable infarct core (IC) volume using multiphase computed tomography (mCTA) based on deep learning, however its prognostic value was not fully clarified. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of mCTA-estimated IC volume in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) after mechanical thrombectomy (MT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent mCTA and MT for large vessel occlusion in middle cerebral artery and (or) internal carotid artery within 6 hours after symptom onset between January 2018 and November 2019. Patients were dichotomized into good (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score, 0-2) and poor (mRS, 3-6) outcome groups. mCTA-estimated IC volume were generated based on a multi-scale three-dimensional convolutional neural network. Univariate, multivariate logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were used to identify the independent variables, and evaluate their performances in predicting the clinical outcome. RESULTS: Of 44 included patients, 27 (61.4%) patients achieved good outcome. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores at admission [NIHSSpre] (odds ratio [OR], 1.191; 95%confidence interval [CI], 1.028-1.379; P=0.020) and mCTA-estimated IC volume (OR, 1.076; 95%CI, 1.016-1.140; P=0.013) were found to be independently associated with functional outcome in patients with AIS after MT. After integrating NIHSSpre and mCTA-estimated IC volume, optimal performance (area under the ROC curve, 0.874; 95%CI, 0.739-0.954) could be obtained in predicting the clinical outcome. CONCLUSIONS: mCTA-estimated IC volume might be promising for predicting the prognosis, and assisting in making individualized treatment decision in patients with AIS.

Independent and combined associations of upper and lower limb strength with all-cause mortality in community-based older adults: findings from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey.

OBJECTIVES: Life expectancy is increasing around the world, and it has been projected that China will have the largest elderly population globally by 2033. This study aimed to examine the association of upper limb strength (ULS) and lower limb strength (LLS) with all-cause mortality based on data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (2012-2018). STUDY DESIGN: This is a prospective cohort study. METHODS: Participants were 2442 older adults (aged 84.98 ± 11.94 years) recruited from eight regions with a high elderly population in China. Limb muscle strength was evaluated using handgrip strength and objective physical examinations. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to analyse the association of limb muscle strength with all-cause mortality. Demographic characteristics, health status and biological markers were included as confounders. RESULTS: Over a median follow-up period of 42.2 months, 993 participants died. After adjusting for all covariates, low ULS was associated with a higher mortality risk (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.25-1.84), and the association of low LLS with all-cause mortality was only significant for men (HR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.04-1.79). Participants with combined low ULS and low LLS had the highest risk of mortality compared with participants with normal limb muscle strength (HR = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.61-2.63). The combined association of ULS and LLS with mortality was robust in subgroup and sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION: Low ULS and low LLS were independently and synergistically associated with a higher all-cause mortality risk. Considering the high prevalence of limb muscle weakness among older adults in China, especially in those aged ≥80 years, limb strength could be considered as an easy-to-perform potential mortality predictor in community health care.

[An analysis of long-term survival trends for nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Qidong, Jiangsu].

Objective: To analyze the survival of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients in Qidong from 1972 to 2016, and provide a basis for the prognosis evaluation and prevention for nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. Methods: A total of 1 060 registered nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients were followed up for survival outcomes until December 31, 2021. Observed survival rate (OSR) and relative survival rate (RSR) was calculated by Hakulinen method in SURV3.01 software, and Hakulinen's likelihood ratio test was used for statistical difference comparison. Age-standardized relative survival rate (ARSR) was calculated according to the International Cancer Survival Standard (ICSS). Joinpoint 4.7.0.0 software was used to conduct the annual average percentage change (AAPC) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma survival rate. The period from 1972 to 2016 is divided into 9 periods for grouping processing according to 5 years. Results: The OSR of nasopharyngeal carcinoma at 1, 5, 10 years were 63.02%, 34.70% and 24.72%, the RSR at 1, 5, 10 years were 64.44%, 38.98% and 31.64%, respectively. The uptrends of RSR in the nine periods were statistically significant (χ(2)=112.16, P<0.001). The 1, 5, 10 years RSR for males were 62.66%, 35.89% and 27.94%, while the 1, 5, 10 years RSR for females were 68.30%, 45.67% and 39.68%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in RSR between males and females (χ(2)=14.16, P=0.656). The 5-year RSR for the age groups of 25-34, 35-44, 45-54, 55-64, 65-74, and over 75 years old were 52.83%, 40.92%, 42.64%, 38.65%, 27.23% and 28.88%, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in RSR among different age groups (χ(2)=42.33, P=0.003). Moreover, the ARSR of nasopharyngeal carcinoma at 1, 5, 10 years were 63.64%, 37.33% and 27.10%, for males were 61.82%, 35.60% and 25.20%, for females were 68.36%, 43.12% and 32.93%. Period trend showed that the AAPC of 5-ARSR was 2.71% (t=7.47, P<0.001) from 1972 to 2016 in Qidong. The AAPC of 5-ARSR in males and females were 2.63% (t=4.98, P=0.002) and 2.71% (t=6.08, P=0.001). There was statistically significant increase in 5-year ARSR among both genders. Furthermore, the AAPC of 5-year RSR among 25-34, 35-44, 45-54, 55-64, 65-74 and 75+ years old were 2.16% (t=4.28, P=0.004), 3.38% (t=5.06, P=0.001), 1.99% (t=2.82, P=0.026), 2.82% (t=3.39, P=0.012), 2.20% (t=2.82, P=0.026) and -0.91% (t=-0.42, P=0.689), respectively. Except for the 75+ years old age group, the other age groups were significantly upward trend. Conclusions: The overall survival rate of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Qidong from 1972 to 2016 has shown an upward trend. It is necessary to introduce standardized multi-disciplinary treatment mode to improve treatment effect and survival rate.

[Outcome analysis of pregnancy termination and expectant treatment in pregnant women with suspected invasive placenta accreta spectrum disorders in the second trimester].

Objective: To investigate the maternal and fetal outcomes of expectant treatment and early termination of pregnancy in pregnant women with suspected invasive placenta accreta spectrum disorders (PAS) in the second trimester. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed on 51 pregnant women with suspected invasive PAS (ultrasound score ≥10) evaluated by ultrasound with gestational age <26 weeks and confirmed as invasive PAS by intraoperative findings or postoperative pathology in Peking University Third Hospital from January 2015 to January 2022. According to the informed choice of pregnant women and their families, they were divided into expectant treatment group (37 cases) and mid-term termination group (14 cases). The general clinical data and outcome indexes of the two groups were analyzed by χ2 test, Mann-Whitney U rank sum test, logistic regression and linear regression. Results: (1) General clinical data: among 51 pregnant women who were assessed as suspected invasive PAS by ultrasonography in the second trimester, invasive PAS was finally diagnosed by intraoperative findings and postoperative pathology, among which 46 cases (90%) were placenta percreta and 5 cases (10%) were placenta increta. (2) Outcome indicators: univariate analysis showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the intraoperative blood loss (median: 2 200 vs 2 150 ml), the proportion of blood loss >1 500 ml [73% (27/37) vs 9/14], the hysterectomy rate [62% (23/37) vs 8/14], the rate of intensive care unit (ICU) admission [78% (29/37) vs 9/14] between the expectant treatment group and the mid-term termination group (all P>0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the rate of intraoperative blood loss >1 500 ml (aOR=0.481, 95%CI: 0.017-13.958; P=0.670), hysterectomy (aOR=0.264, 95%CI: 0.011-6.569, P=0.417) and ICU admission (aOR=1.327, 95%CI: 0.048-36.882, P=0.867) between the two groups showed no statistical differences. (3) Outcome analysis: all 37 cases in the expectant treatment group had live births and no early neonatal death. Five pregnant women (14%, 5/37) in the expectant treatment group underwent emergency cesarean section in the course of expectant treatment. In the mid-term termination group, all pregnancies were terminated by operation, including 9 cases of hysterectomy and 5 cases of placental hysterectomy. There was 1 fetal survival (gestational age of termination: 27+4 weeks) and 13 fetal death in the mid-term termination group. Conclusions: Pregnant women who are diagnosed as suspected invasive PAS, especially those with placenta percreta, have the risk of uterine rupture and emergency surgery in the course of expectant treatment. However, early termination of pregnancy does not reduce the risk of intraoperative blood loss and hysterectomy.

[Association between maternal plasma one-carbon biomarkers during pregnancy and fetal growth in twin pregnancies].

Objective: To characterize the relationship between the levels of plasma methyl donor and related metabolites (including choline, betaine, methionine, dimethylglycine and homocysteine) and fetal growth in twin pregnancies. Methods: A hospital-based cohort study was used to collect clinical data of 92 pregnant women with twin pregnancies and their fetuses who were admitted to Peking University Third Hospital from March 2017 to January 2018. Fasting blood was collected from the pregnant women with twin pregnancies (median gestational age: 18.9 weeks). The levels of methyl donors and related metabolites in plasma were quantitatively analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry. The generalized estimation equation was used to analyze the relationship between maternal plasma methyl donors and related metabolites levels and neonatal outcomes of twins, and the generalized additive mixed model was used to analyze the relationship between maternal plasma methyl donors and related metabolites levels and fetal growth ultrasound indicators. Results: (1) General clinical data: of the 92 women with twin pregnancies, 66 cases (72%) were dichorionic diamniotic (DCDA) twin pregnancies, and 26 cases (28%) were monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twin pregnancies. The comparison of the levels of five plasma methyl donors and related metabolites in twin pregnancies with different basic characteristics showed that the median levels of plasma choline and betaine in pregnant women ≥35 years old were higher than those in pregnant women <35 years old, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). (2) Correlation between plasma methyl donor and related metabolites levels and neonatal growth indicators: after adjusting for confounding factors, plasma homocysteine level in pregnant women with twins was significantly negatively correlated with neonatal birth weight (ß=-47.9, 95%CI:-94.3- -1.6; P=0.043). Elevated methionine level was significantly associated with decreased risks of small for gestational age infants (SGA; OR=0.5, 95%CI: 0.3-0.9; P=0.021) and low birth weight infants (OR=0.6, 95%CI: 0.4-0.9; P=0.020). Increased homocysteine level was associated with increased risks of SGA (OR=1.5, 95%CI: 1.0-2.2; P=0.029) and inconsistent growth in twin fetuses (OR=1.9, 95%CI: 1.0-3.7; P=0.049). (3) Correlation between the levels of plasma methyl donors and related metabolites and intrauterine growth indicators of twins pregnancies: for every 1 standard deviation increase in plasma choline level in pregnant women with twin pregnancies, fetal head circumference, abdominal circumference, femoral length and estimated fetal weight in the second trimester increased by 1.9 mm, 2.6 mm, 0.5 mm and 20.1 g, respectively, and biparietal diameter, abdominal circumference and estimated fetal weight increased by 0.7 mm, 3.0 mm and 38.4 g in the third trimester, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). (4) Relationship between plasma methyl donor and related metabolites levels in pregnant women with different chorionicity and neonatal birth weight and length: the negative correlation between plasma homocysteine level and neonatal birth weight was mainly found in DCDA twin pregnancy (ß=-65.9, 95%CI:-110.6- -21.1; P=0.004). The levels of choline, betaine and dimethylglycine in plasma of MCDA twin pregnancy were significantly correlated with the birth weight and length of newborns (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Homocysteine level is associated with low birth weight in twins, methionine is associated with decreased risk of SGA, and choline is associated with fetal growth in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy.

Suggested use of empirical antibiotics in acute cholecystitis based on bile microbiology and antibiotic susceptibility.

BACKGROUND: Bacterial infection is common in acute cholecystitis (AC). To identify appropriate empirical antibiotics, we investigated AC-associated microorganisms and their susceptibilities to antibiotics. We also compared preoperative clinical findings of patients grouped according to specific microorganisms. METHODS: Patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for AC between 2018 and 2019 were enrolled. Bile cultures and antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed, and clinical findings of patients were noted. RESULTS: A total of 282 patients were enrolled (147 culture-positive and 135 culture-negative). The most frequent microorganisms were Escherichia (n = 53, 32.7%), Enterococcus (n = 37, 22.8%), Klebsiella (n = 28, 17.3%), and Enterobacter (n = 18, 11.1%). For Gram-negative microorganisms, second-generation cephalosporin (cefotetan: 96.2%) was more effective than third-generation cephalosporin (cefotaxime: 69.8%). Vancomycin and teicoplanin (83.8%) were the most effective antibiotics for Enterococcus. Patients with Enterococcus had higher rates of CBD stones (51.4%, p = 0.001) and biliary drainage (81.1%, p = 0.002), as well as higher levels of liver enzymes, than patients with other microorganisms. Patients with ESBL-producing bacteria had higher rates of CBD stones (36.0% vs. 6.8%, p = 0.001) and biliary drainage (64.0% vs. 32.4%, p = 0.005) than those without. DISCUSSION: Preoperative clinical findings of AC are related to microorganisms in bile samples. Periodic antibiotic susceptibility tests should be conducted to select appropriate empirical antibiotics.

[Quantitative analysis of lipid metabolism-related differential proteins in patients with alcoholic liver disease].

Objective: To screen and identify differential proteins, analyze lipid metabolism-related proteins and pathways, and explore their functions and biological processes in liver tissue of patients with alcoholic liver disease using tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling technology. Methods: Liver tissues that met the inclusion criteria were collected. Eight samples from patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and three samples from the normal control group were screened out. The TMT technique was used to screen differential proteins, perform signaling pathway enrichment analysis, and analyze protein interaction networks to explore the biological processes involved in them. Results: Proteomic analysis identified 2 741 kinds of differentially expressed proteins in the two groups of data with statistical significance (P < 0.05). The standard criteria of P < 0.05 and |log2(foldchange)| > 1 had screened out 106 kinds of differentially expressed proteins. Compared with the control group, the alcoholic liver disease group had 12 kinds of up-regulated proteins and 94 kinds of down-regulated proteins. Among them, there were 2 kinds of up-regulated differential proteins related to lipid metabolism and 14 kinds of down-regulated differential proteins. The results of bioinformatics analysis showed that these proteins were primarily involved in biological processes such as lipid transport, regulation of lipase activity, fatty acid binding, and cholesterol metabolism in lipid metabolism and also had a close link to signal pathways related to lipid metabolism such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathways, cholesterol metabolism, triglyceride metabolism, and regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes. Conclusion: The 16 kinds of lipid metabolism-related differential proteins may be the key proteins in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease.

[Effect of calcium-independent phospholipase A2 on the expression of glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase in human non-alcoholic fatty liver disease cells].

Objective: To explore the effect of calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2) on the expression of mitochondrial glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (mGPDH) in human non-alcoholic fatty liver disease cells. Methods: Oleic acid was used to construct a non-alcoholic fatty liver disease cell model by inducing lipid deposition in THLE-2 cells in vitro. Simultaneously, intracellular triglyceride content, iPLA2 expression levels, and mGPDH levels were determined at various induction times (0, 24, 48, and 72 h) using a triglyceride assay kit, quantitative RT-PCR, and western blotting. The model cells were treated with bromelenol lactone, an iPLA2 inhibitor, and N-acetylcysteine, a ROS inhibitor, respectively. Following continuous culture for 24 and 48 hours, the cells were harvested, and the mRNA and protein expression levels of mGPDH were measured. Statistical analysis was performed using the t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and linear correlation. Results: The intracellular triglyceride content gradually increased (P < 0.01), the mGPDH mRNA and protein expression decreased (P < 0.01), and the iPLA2 mRNA and protein expression increased (P < 0.01) in THLE-2 cells with the prolonging time effect of oleic acid therapy. In addition, the mGPDH mRNA expression level was negatively correlated with the iPLA2 mRNA level (r = -0.878, P = 0.002). The expression levels of mGPDH mRNA and protein in the iPLA2 inhibitor group and ROS inhibitor group were increased compared with the model control group (P < 0.01). The expression of mGPDH mRNA was increased at 24 h compared with 48 h in the iPLA2 inhibitor group (P < 0.01). The expression of mGPDH mRNA was gradually increased in the ROS inhibitor group with the prolongation of inhibitor action time (P < 0.01). Compared with the two inhibitor groups, the increase in mGPDH mRNA was significantly higher in the ROS inhibitor group than that in the iPLA2 inhibitor group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01). Conclusion: iPLA2 can inhibit the expression of mGPDH in non-alcoholic fatty liver cells to a certain extent.