[Comparative Study on the Four Kinds of Flavonoids from Four Different Varieties of Dendranthema morifolium].

Objective: To establish a high phase liquid chromatography method of the content in quercetin,luteolin,apigenin,acacetin,and to compare the difference of content from four different varieties of Dendranthema morifolium in simultaneously. Methods: The UPLC methods were adopted,and the chromatographic column was Waters ACQUITYUPLC; the column was BEH C18（ 50 mm ×2. 1 mm,1. 7 µm）,the mobile phase was 0. 1% phosphoric acid solution-methanol in gradient elution,the flow rate was 0. 2 m L/min;and the detection wavelength was set at 320 nm; the column temperature 25 ℃; and the sample quantity was 1 µL. Results: In the range of 0. 0027 0. 0135 mg/m L（ r1= 0. 9962） concentration within quercetin in a good linear relationship between peak area. In the range of0. 0032 0. 0160 mg/m L（ r2= 0. 9963） concentration within luteolin in a good linear relationship between peak area. In the range of0. 0029 0. 0145 mg/m L（ r3= 0. 9964） of apigenin in the mass concentration and the peak area. In the range of 0. 0029 0. 0145 mg/m L（ r4= 0. 9963） concentration within acacetin in a good linear relationship between peak area. Conclusion: This method can be determined daisy quercetin,luteolin,apigenin,acacetin content in Dendranthema morifolium.

[Effect of Crop Rotation and Biological Manure on Quality and Yield of "Chuju" Chrysanthemum morifolium and Continuous Cropping Soil Enzyme Activities].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of chrysanthemum-wheat rotation system and biological manure on continuous cropping soil enzyme activities and quality and yield of Chrysanthemum morifolium. METHODS: Field experiments were conducted at the research base of Anhui Jutai Chuju Chrysanthemum morifolium Herbal Technology Co. , Ltd. ,in Shiji Town, Nanqiao Country, Anhui Province. Samples were collected from treatments under chrysanthemum-wheat rotation system receiving bio-organic manure application of 200 kg/667 m2, conventional chrysanthemum-wheat rotation system and chrysanthemum continuous cropping system. RESULTS: Chrysanthemum-wheat rotation system and biological manure obviously influenced the quality and yield of Chrysanthemum morifolium and continuous cropping soil enzyme activities. Compared with chrysanthemum continuous cropping system, total flavonoids, chlorogenic acid, soluble sugar and free amino acid contents, quantitative of ray floret, inflorescence diameter, diameter of tubular floret, number of branch, number of flower and yield of Chrysanthemum morifolium and the activities of urease, acid phosphatase, invertase and protease in soil were increased to 42.59 mg/g, 2.52 mg/g, 4.04 mg/g, 73.33 mg/100 g, 179.56, 5.57 cm, 1.43 cm, 36.10, 330.00 and 400.09 kg/667 m2, respectively, while hydrogen peroxidase of soil under chrysanthemum-wheat rotation system was decreased. CONCLUSION: Bio-organic manure application of 200 kg/667 m2 is benefit to soil environment establishment of chrysanthemum-wheat rotation system and enhancement of quality and yield of Chrysanthemum morifolium while reducing the obstacles of continuous cropping.

[Changes of growth and yield characters of five varieties (lines) of tea-applied chrysanthemum under different planting dates and pinching patterns]. / 不同定植期和摘心方案下5个品种(系)茶用菊生长和产量性状的变化.

To identify the high yield planting date and pinching pattern, we compared the yields of five new varieties (lines) of tea-applied chrysanthemum, the ‘Suju 10’, ‘Suju 12’, ‘Suju 13’, ‘CH1-44’ and ‘CH5-13’. A field experiment with split-split plot design was carried out. The main plot treatments including three (early, middle and late) planting dates, split-plot treatments including 5 new varieties (lines), and split-split-plot treatments including four different kinds of pinching schemes. The results showed that the yield of ‘CH5-13’ and ‘Suju 13’ was relatively higher among the five varieties (lines), followed by ‘CH1-44’ and ‘Suju10’, and ‘Suju 12’ showed the lowest yield. Among the five varieties (lines), planting date on May 27th and two-time pinching treatments showed the highest values of plant height, crown width, flower number, flower diameter, fresh mass, yield per plant and yield per unit area. Compared with the planting date on May 7th and June 13th, the above indexes increased by 16.0% and 19.0%, 18.0% and 22.8%, 36.7% and 42.2%, 11.1% and 2.3%, 13.0% and 4.0%, 47.8% and 36.6%, 48.5% and 36.7%, respectively. With the pinching time postponed, plant height decreased. Compared with the no pinching treatment, plant height of the two-time pinching treatment decreased by 50.2%, and values of crown width, flowers number, the flower fresh mass, the yield per plant and the yield per unit area were highest, with increases of 17.0%, 29.1%, 5.5%, 34.0% and 34.8%, respectively. The impact performance of three main factors on the growth and yield of the tea-applied chrysanthemum was in order of planting date>varieties>pinching time.

[Effects of crop rotation and bio-organic manure on soil microbial characteristics of Chrysanthemum cropping system].

We conducted a field experiment to evaluate the effects of rotation system and bio-organic manure on soil microbial characteristics of Chrysanthemum cropping system. Taking Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat and wheat as experimental plants, treatments under Chrysanthemum continuous cropping system (M1), conventional Chrysanthemum-wheat rotation system (M2), and Chrysanthemum-wheat rotation system receiving bio-organic manure application of 200 kg · 667 m(-2) (M3) were designed. Soil chemical properties, soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN), and the amounts of different types of soil microorganisms were determined. Results showed that compared with M1, treatments of M2 and M3 significantly increased soil pH, organic matter, available N, P, and K, MBC, MBN, and the amounts of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes, but decreased the ratio of MBC/MBN, and the relative percentage of fungi in the total amount of microorganisms. Treatment of M3 had the highest contents of soil organic matter, available N, available P, available K, MBC, MBN, and the amounts of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes, with the values being 15.62 g · kg(-1), 64.75 mg · kg(-1), 83.26 mg · kg(-1), 96.72 mg · kg(-1), 217.40 mg · kg(-1), 38.41 mg · kg(-1), 22.31 x 10(6) cfu · g(-1), 56.36 x 10(3) cfu · g(-1), 15.90 x 10(5) cfu · g(-1), respectively. We concluded that rational crop rotation and bio-organic manure application could weaken soil acidification, improve soil fertility and microbial community structure, increase the efficiency of nutrition supply, and have a positive effect on reducing the obstacles of continuous cropping.