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BACKGROUND: Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) increase the risk of morbidity and mortality in patients who underwent oral cancer surgery with free flap reconstruction. The association between PPC and preoperative risk factors has been investigated; however, reports on intraoperative factors are limited. Therefore, we investigated PPC incidence and its associated preoperative and intraoperative risk factors in these patients. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed medical records of patients who underwent free flap reconstruction between 2009 and 2019. PPC was defined as presence of atelectasis, pneumonia, and respiratory failure based on radiological confirmation and clinical symptoms during hospitalization. Mortality, hospital stay, preoperative factors (including age and tumor stages), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, and intraoperative factors (including intraoperative fluids and medications) were recorded. RESULTS: PPC incidence among the 993 patients included in this study was 25.8% (256 patients). Six patients with PPCs died; death was not observed among patients without PPCs (p < 0.001). Patients with PPCs had longer hospitalization than those without PPCs (30.3 vs 23.3 days; p < 0.001). Tumor stage (stage I: reference; stage II [OR]: 3.3, p = 0.019; stage III: 4.4, p = 0.002; stage IV: 4.8, p = 0.002), age (OR: 1.0; p < 0.001), and ASA grade >2 (OR: 1.4; p = 0.020) were independent risk factors of PPC; using labetalol was a borderline significant factor (OR: 1.4; p = 0.050). CONCLUSION: The PPC incidence was 25.8% in patients undergoing oral cancer surgery with free flap reconstruction. Tumor stage, age, and ASA >2 were risk factors of developing PPC.
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Retalhos de Tecido Biológico , Neoplasias Bucais , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Incidência , Retalhos de Tecido Biológico/efeitos adversos , Fatores de Risco , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Bucais/cirurgiaRESUMO
Aphids are serious pests of agricultural and ornamental plants and important model systems for hemipteran-plant interactions. The long evolutionary history of aphids with their host plants has resulted in a variety of systems that provide insight into the different adaptation strategies of aphids to plants and vice versa. In the past, various plant-aphid interactions have been documented, but lack of functional tools has limited molecular studies on the mechanisms of plant-aphid interactions. Recent technological advances have begun to reveal plant-aphid interactions at the molecular level and to increase our knowledge of the mechanisms of aphid adaptation or specialization to different host plants. In this article, we compile and analyze available information on plant-aphid interactions, discuss the limitations of current knowledge, and argue for new research directions. We advocate for more work that takes advantage of natural systems and recently established molecular techniques to obtain a comprehensive view of plant-aphid interaction mechanisms.
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Afídeos , Animais , Plantas , Especificidade de Hospedeiro , Adaptação Fisiológica , Evolução BiológicaRESUMO
Motivated by the use of tetrakis(dimethylamino)silane (TKDMAS) to produce silicon nitride-based deposits and its potential as a precursor for Focused Electron Beam Induced Deposition (FEBID), we have studied its reactivity towards low energy electrons in the gas phase and the composition of its deposits created by FEBID. While no negative ion formation was observed through dissociative electron attachment (DEA), significant fragmentation was observed in dissociative ionization (DI). Appearance energies (AEs) of fragments formed in DI were measured and are compared to the respective threshold energies calculated at the DFT and coupled cluster (CC) levels of theory. The average carbon and nitrogen loss per DI incident is calculated and compared to its deposit composition in FEBID. We find that hydrogen transfer reactions and new bond formations play a significant role in the DI of TKDMAS. Surprisingly, a significantly lower nitrogen content is observed in the deposits than is to be expected from the DI experiments. Furthermore, a post treatment protocol using water vapour during electron exposure was developed to remove the unwanted carbon content of FEBIDs created from TKDMAS. For comparison, these were also applied to FEBID deposits formed with tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). In contrast, effective carbon removal was achieved in post treatment of TKDMAS, while his approach only marginally affected the composition of deposits made with TEOS.
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BACKGROUND: Sedation with dexmedetomidine and propofol may cause hypotension or bradycardia. This study aimed to compare the effects of dexmedetomidine and propofol on hemodynamics and clinical outcomes in surgical intensive care unit (ICU) patients after major abdominal surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Enrolled patients were randomly allocated to the dexmedetomidine or propofol group. Cardiac index was measured using a continuous noninvasive cardiac output monitor on the basis of chest bioreactance. Heart rate, blood pressure, opioid requirement, urine output, delirium incidence, ICU length of stay, and total hospital length of stay were compared between the two groups. The incidences of bradycardia, hypotension, and severe low cardiac index were compared. RESULTS: We enrolled 60 patients. Heart rate and mean arterial pressure were significantly lower in the dexmedetomidine group than in the propofol group. Cardiac index did not differ significantly between the two groups (dexmedetomidine group 3.1 L/min/m2, [95% confidence interval {95% CI} 2.8-3.3] versus propofol group 3.2 L/min/m2 [95% CI 2.9-3.5], P = 0.578). The incidences of bradycardia, hypotension, and severe low cardiac index did not differ significantly between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiac index did not differ significantly between the dexmedetomidine and propofol groups in surgical ICU patients after major abdominal surgery.
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Dexmedetomidina/efeitos adversos , Hemodinâmica/efeitos dos fármacos , Dor Pós-Operatória/tratamento farmacológico , Propofol/efeitos adversos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios/efeitos adversos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Analgésicos Opioides/uso terapêutico , Bradicardia/induzido quimicamente , Bradicardia/epidemiologia , Cuidados Críticos/métodos , Cuidados Críticos/estatística & dados numéricos , Estado Terminal/terapia , Delírio/epidemiologia , Delírio/etiologia , Delírio/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Humanos , Hipotensão/induzido quimicamente , Hipotensão/epidemiologia , Incidência , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva/estatística & dados numéricos , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Manejo da Dor/efeitos adversos , Manejo da Dor/métodos , Manejo da Dor/estatística & dados numéricos , Medição da Dor , Dor Pós-Operatória/diagnóstico , Dor Pós-Operatória/etiologia , Cuidados Pós-Operatórios/efeitos adversos , Cuidados Pós-Operatórios/métodos , Cuidados Pós-Operatórios/estatística & dados numéricos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The bispectral index (BIS) may be unreliable to gauge anesthetic depth when dexmedetomidine is administered. By comparison, the electroencephalogram (EEG) spectrogram enables the visualization of the brain response during anesthesia and may prevent unnecessary anesthetic consumption. METHODS: This retrospective study included 140 adult patients undergoing elective craniotomy who received total intravenous anesthesia using a combination of propofol and dexmedetomidine infusions. Patients were equally matched to the spectrogram group (maintaining the robust EEG alpha power during surgery) or the index group (maintaining the BIS score between 40 and 60 during surgery) based on the propensity score of age and surgical type. The primary outcome was the propofol dose. Secondary outcome was the postoperative neurological profile. RESULTS: Patients in the spectrogram group received significantly less propofol (1585 ± 581 vs. 2314 ± 810 mg, P < 0.001). Fewer patients in the spectrogram group exhibited delayed emergence (1.4% vs. 11.4%, P = 0.033). The postoperative delirium profile was similar between the groups (profile P = 0.227). Patients in the spectrogram group exhibited better in-hospital Barthel's index scores changes (admission state: 83.6 ± 27.6 vs. 91.6 ± 17.1; discharge state: 86.4 ± 24.3 vs. 85.1 ± 21.5; group-time interaction P = 0.008). However, the incidence of postoperative neurological complications was similar between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: EEG spectrogram-guided anesthesia prevents unnecessary anesthetic consumption during elective craniotomy. This may also prevent delayed emergence and improve postoperative Barthel index scores.
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Anestesia Intravenosa , Craniotomia , Dexmedetomidina , Eletroencefalografia , Propofol , Adulto , Humanos , Anestésicos Intravenosos , Dexmedetomidina/administração & dosagem , Pontuação de Propensão , Propofol/administração & dosagem , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Postoperative neurocognitive disorder following thoracoscopic surgery with general anaesthesia may be linked to reduced intraoperative cerebral oxygenation and perioperative inflammation, which can potentially be exacerbated by mechanical ventilation. However, nonintubated thoracoscopic surgery, which utilizes regional anaesthesia and maintains spontaneous breathing, provides a unique model for studying the potential benefits of avoiding mechanical ventilation. This approach allows investigation into the impact on perioperative neurocognitive profiles, inflammatory responses and intraoperative cerebral oxygen levels. METHODS: In total, 110 patients undergoing thoracoscopic surgery were randomly equally assigned to the intubated group and the nonintubated group. Regional cerebral oxygenation was monitored during surgery. Serum neuroinflammatory biomarkers, including interleukin-6 and glial fibrillary acidic protein, were measured at baseline (before surgery) and 24 h after surgery. Postoperative complication severity was compared using the Comprehensive Complication Index. The primary outcome was perioperative changes in neurocognitive test score, which was assessed at baseline, 24 h and 6 months after surgery. RESULTS: Patients in the nonintubated group had higher neurocognitive test scores at 24 h (69.9 ± 10.5 vs 65.3 ± 11.8; P = 0.03) and 6 months (70.6 ± 6.7 vs 65.4 ± 8.1; P < 0.01) after surgery and significantly higher regional cerebral oxygenation over time during one-lung ventilation (P = 0.03). Patients in the intubated group revealed a significantly higher postoperative serum interleukin-6 level (group by time interaction, P = 0.04) and a trend towards a significantly higher serum glial fibrillary acidic protein level (group by time interaction, P = 0.11). Furthermore, patients in the nonintubated group had a significantly lower Comprehensive Complication Index (9.0 ± 8.2 vs 6.1 ± 7.1; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Nonintubated thoracoscopic surgery was associated with improved postoperative neurocognitive recovery, more stable intraoperative cerebral oxygenation, ameliorated perioperative inflammation and attenuated postoperative complication severity.
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Interleucina-6 , Toracoscopia , Humanos , Proteína Glial Fibrilar Ácida , Toracoscopia/efeitos adversos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Inflamação , Cirurgia Torácica VídeoassistidaRESUMO
Autonomic nervous dysfunction is a known cardiac sequalae in patients with end-stage liver disease and is associated with a poor prognosis. Heart rate analysis using nonlinear models such as multiscale entropy (MSE) or complexity may identify marked changes in these patients where conventional heart rate variability (HRV) measurements do not. To investigate the application of heart rate complexity (HRC) based on MSE in liver transplantation settings. Thirty adult recipients of elective living donor liver transplantation were enrolled. HRV parameters using conventional HRV analysis and HRC analysis were obtained at the following time points: (1) 1 day before surgery, (2) postoperative day (POD) 7, (3) POD 14, (4) POD 90, and (5) POD 180. Preoperatively, patients with MELD score ≥ 25 had significantly lower HRC compared to patients with lower MELD scores. This difference in HRC disappeared by POD 7 following liver transplantation and subsequent analyses at POD 90 and 180 continued to show no significant difference. Our results indicated a significant negative correlation between HRC based on MSE analysis and liver disease severity preoperatively, which may be more sensitive than conventional linear HRV analysis. HRC in patients with MELD score ⧠25 improved over time and became comparable to those with MELD < 25 as early as in 7 days.
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Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Autônomo , Transplante de Fígado , Adulto , Humanos , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Transplante de Fígado/efeitos adversos , Entropia , Doadores Vivos , CoraçãoRESUMO
Motivated by the potential role of molybdenum in semiconductor materials, we present a combined theoretical and experimental gas-phase study on dissociative electron attachment (DEA) and dissociative ionization (DI) of Mo(CO)6 in comparison to focused electron beam-induced deposition (FEBID) of this precursor. The DEA and DI experiments are compared to previous work, differences are addressed, and the nature of the underlying resonances leading to the observed DEA processes are discussed in relation to an earlier electron transmission study. Relative contributions of individual ionic species obtained through DEA and DI of Mo(CO)6 and the average CO loss per incident are calculated and compared to the composition of the FEBID deposits produced. These are also compared to gas phase, surface science and deposition studies on W(CO)6 and we hypothesize that reductive ligand loss through electron attachment may promote metal-metal bond formation in the deposition process, leading to further ligand loss and the high metal content observed in FEBID for both these compounds.
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Several studies have revealed that vasopressor may be more appropriate for treating intraoperative hypotension and preventing hypervolemia. This study compared the effects of vasopressor infusion and fluid supplementation on intestinal microcirculation during treating intraoperative hypotension. Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into the following four groups: Light Anesthesia group (LA, 0.8-1% isoflurane); Deep Anesthesia group (DA, 1.5-1.8% isoflurane); Fluid DA group (1.5-1.8% isoflurane and fluid supplementation); and Norepinephrine DA group (1.5-1.8% isoflurane and norepinephrine infusion). At 240 min, perfused small vessel density (PSVD) of the mucosa did not differ significantly between the Fluid DA and Norepinephrine DA groups [26.2 (3.2) vs 28.9 (2.5) mm/mm2, P = 0.077], and tissue oxygen saturation of the mucosa was lower in the Fluid DA groups than in the Norepinephrine DA groups [ 48 (7) vs 57 (6) %, P = 0.02]. At 240 min, TSVD and PSVD of the seromuscular layer were higher in the Norepinephrine DA group than in the Fluid DA group. Fluid administration was higher in the Fluid DA group than in the Norepinephrine DA group [66 (25) vs. 9 (5) µL/g, P = 0.001]. Our results showed that norepinephrine can resuscitate intraoperative hypotension related microcirculatory alteration and avoid fluid overload.
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Hipotensão/tratamento farmacológico , Intestinos/irrigação sanguínea , Isoflurano/efeitos adversos , Microcirculação/efeitos dos fármacos , Norepinefrina/administração & dosagem , Vasoconstritores/administração & dosagem , Animais , Hidratação , Hipotensão/induzido quimicamente , Bombas de Infusão , Intestinos/efeitos dos fármacos , Cuidados Intraoperatórios , Masculino , Norepinefrina/farmacologia , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Resultado do Tratamento , Vasoconstritores/farmacologiaRESUMO
Calneuron I (CalnI) is a calmodulin-like protein that contains two functional EF-hand motifs at the N-terminal and a hydrophobic segment at the C-terminal. CalnI was cloned from the adult rat cortex and fused with GFP at its N-terminal. When expressed in bovine chromaffin cells, wild-type CalnI was localized at the plasma membrane. However, a mutant that lacked the hydrophobic segment was localized in the cytosol and nucleus, while a Ca(2+)-binding-deficient mutant was found in the cytosol and at the plasma membrane. Evaluation using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique revealed that Ca(2+) currents were inhibited by both wild-type CalnI and the Ca(2+)-binding-deficient mutant. When the bovine N-type Ca(2+) channel was expressed in 293T cells, Ca(2+) currents were mostly inhibited by co-expression of CalnI, but not by the mutant without the hydrophobic tail. These results suggest that CalnI attenuates Ca(2+) channel activity and that its subcellular localization is important for this effect.
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Encéfalo/metabolismo , Canais de Cálcio/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação ao Cálcio/metabolismo , Células Cromafins/metabolismo , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Proteínas de Ligação ao Cálcio/genética , Bovinos , Linhagem Celular , Humanos , Interações Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Estrutura Terciária de Proteína , RatosRESUMO
The online shopping market is developing rapidly, meaning that it is important for retailers and manufacturers to understand how consumers behave online compared to when in brick-and-mortar stores. Retailers want consumers to spend time shopping, browsing, and searching for products in the hope a purchase is made. On the other hand, consumers may want to restrict their duration of stay on websites due to perceived risk of loss of time or convenience. This phenomenon underlies the need to reduce the duration of consumer stay (namely, time pressure) on websites. In this paper, the browsing behavior and attention span of shoppers engaging in online shopping under time pressure were investigated. The attention and meditation level are measured by an electroencephalogram (EEG) biosensor cap. The results indicated that when under time pressure shoppers engaging in online shopping are less attentive. Thus, marketers may need to find strategies to increase a shopper's attention. Shoppers unfamiliar with product catalogs on shopping websites are less attentive, therefore marketers should adopt an interesting style for product catalogs to hold a shopper's attention. We discuss our findings and outline their business implications.
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Internet usage has increased dramatically in recent decades. With this growing usage trend, the negative impacts of Internet usage have also increased significantly. One recurring concern involves users with Internet addiction, whose Internet usage has become excessive and disrupted their lives. In order to detect users with Internet addiction and disabuse their inappropriate behavior early, a secure Web service-based EMBAR (ensemble classifier with case-based reasoning) system is proposed in this study. The EMBAR system monitors users in the background and can be used for Internet usage monitoring in the future. Empirical results demonstrate that our proposed ensemble classifier with case-based reasoning (CBR) in the proposed EMBAR system for identifying users with potential Internet addiction offers better performance than other classifiers.
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Comportamento Aditivo/diagnóstico , Internet , Humanos , Aprendizado de Máquina , Resolução de ProblemasRESUMO
With the development of industrialization and urbanization, air pollution in many countries has become more serious and has affected people's health. The air quality has been continuously concerned by environmental managers and the public. Therefore, accurate air quality deterioration warning system can avoid health hazards. In this study, an air quality index (AQI) warning system based on Azure cloud computing platform is proposed. The prediction model is based on DFR (Decision Forest Regression), NNR (Neural Network Regression), and LR (Linear Regression) machine learning algorithms. The best algorithm was selected to calculate the 6 pollutants required for the AQI calculation of the air quality monitoring in real time. The experimental results show that the LR algorithm has the best performance, and the method of this study has a good prediction on the AQI index warning for the next one to three hours. Based on the ACES system proposed, it is hoped that it can prevent personal health hazards and help to reduce medical costs in public.
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Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise , Poluição do Ar/análise , Computação em Nuvem , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Modelos Teóricos , TaiwanRESUMO
Calcium binding protein-1 (CaBP1) is a calmodulin like protein shown to modulate Ca2+ channel activities. Here, we explored the functions of long and short spliced CaBP1 variants (L- and S-CaBP1) in modulating stimulus-secretion coupling in primary cultured bovine chromaffin cells. L- and S-CaBP1 were cloned from rat brain and fused with yellow fluorescent protein at the C-terminal. When expressed in chromaffin cells, wild-type L- and S-CaBP1s could be found in the cytosol, plasma membrane and a perinuclear region; in contrast, the myristoylation-deficient mutants were not found in the membrane. More than 20 and 70% of Na+ and Ca2+ currents, respectively, were inhibited by wild-type isoforms but not myristoylation-deficient mutants. The [Ca2+]( i ) response evoked by high K+ buffer and the exocytosis elicited by membrane depolarizations were inhibited only by wild-type isoforms. Neuronal Ca2+ sensor-1 and CaBP5, both are calmodulin-like proteins, did not affect N(+, Ca2+ currents, and exocytosis. When expressed in cultured cortical neurons, the [Ca2+]( i ) responses elicited by high-K+ depolarization were inhibited by CaBP1 isoforms. In HEK293T cells cotransfected with N-type Ca2+ channel and L-CaBP1, the current was reduced and activation curve was shifted positively. These results demonstrate the importance of CaBP1s in modulating the stimulus-secretion coupling in excitable cells.
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Proteínas de Ligação ao Cálcio/metabolismo , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Células Cromafins/metabolismo , Exocitose/fisiologia , Potenciais da Membrana/fisiologia , Animais , Cálcio/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação ao Cálcio/genética , Bovinos , Linhagem Celular , Membrana Celular/genética , Córtex Cerebral/fisiologia , Células Cromafins/citologia , Embrião de Mamíferos/citologia , Embrião de Mamíferos/metabolismo , Feminino , Proteínas de Fluorescência Verde/genética , Proteínas de Fluorescência Verde/metabolismo , Humanos , Mutação , Miristatos/metabolismo , Neurônios/citologia , Neurônios/metabolismo , Potássio/metabolismo , Isoformas de Proteínas/genética , Isoformas de Proteínas/metabolismo , Processamento de Proteína Pós-Traducional/fisiologia , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/metabolismo , Sódio/metabolismoRESUMO
Exocytosis of a single bovine adrenal chromaffin cell, triggered by histamine stimulation, was investigated via the electric responses detected with single-walled carbon-nanotube field-effect transistors (SWCNT-FET) and the morphological changes acquired by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Secretion of chromogranin A (CgA), stored in the vesicles of a single chromaffin cell, can be monitored in situ by the antibody against CgA (CgA-antibody) functionalized on the SWCNT-FET devices. The SWCNT-FET can further discriminate the amount of released CgA with different levels of histamine stimulations. The AFM morphological studies on a chromaffin cell indicate that the depression structures on the cell surface, caused by the histamine-evoked exocytotic fusion pores, appeared much more frequently than those without histamine stimulation or with the pretreatment of mepyramine before histamine stimulation. The vesicle diameters are about 50 nm calculated from the obtained three-dimensional AFM images. In comparison, the fusion pores of chromaffin cells stimulated by high-K (+) buffer solution were also investigated to have a wider-ranging distribution of vesicle diameters of 60-260 nm. This work demonstrates that the combination of novel techniques, SWCNT-FET and AFM, can provide further insights into the fundamental properties of exocytosis in neuroendocrine cells.
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Glândulas Suprarrenais/citologia , Células Cromafins/citologia , Células Cromafins/metabolismo , Exocitose , Animais , Bovinos , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Cromogranina A/metabolismo , Eletrofisiologia , Microscopia de Força Atômica , Porosidade , Vesículas Secretórias/metabolismo , Transistores EletrônicosRESUMO
We describe emergency airway management with fiberoptic intubation in a patient in the prone position with her neck flexed by a head pin holder during a neurosurgical procedure. Laryngeal mask airway is suggested in emergency difficult airway algorithms; however, this was not feasible in this patient because of her edematous upper airway and limited mouth opening resulting from extreme neck flexion by a head pin holder. The case illustrates the role of fiberoptic intubation in emergency airway management in this critical situation. Maneuvers to facilitate fiberoptic technique are also described.
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Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/etiologia , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/terapia , Tecnologia de Fibra Óptica , Intubação Intratraqueal/efeitos adversos , Emergências , Humanos , Máscaras Laríngeas/efeitos adversos , Laringe , Pescoço , Postura , Decúbito Ventral , Respiração Artificial/efeitos adversos , Traqueotomia/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression is a powerful analysis platform for diverse plant gene functional studies, but the mechanisms regulating the expression or transformation levels are poorly studied. Previously, we developed a highly efficient and robust Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression system, named AGROBEST, for Arabidopsis seedlings. In this study, we found that AGROBEST could promote the growth of agrobacteria as well as inhibit the host immunity response. When the factor of agrobacterial growth is minimized, maintaining pH at 5.5 with MES buffer was the key to achieving optimal transient expression efficiency. The expression of plant immunity marker genes, FRK1 and NHL10, was suppressed in the pH-buffered medium as compared with non-buffered conditions in Col-0 and an efr-1 mutant lacking the immunity receptor EFR recognizing EF-Tu, a potent pathogen- or microbe-associated molecular pattern (PAMP or MAMP) of A. tumefaciens. Notably, such immune suppression could also occur in Arabidopsis seedlings without Agrobacterium infection. Furthermore, the PAMP-triggered influx of calcium ions was compromised in the pH-buffered medium. We propose that the enhanced transient expression efficiency by stable pH was due to inhibiting calcium ion uptake and subsequently led to suppressing immunity against Agrobacterium.
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Agrobacterium tumefaciens/fisiologia , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Doenças das Plantas/imunologia , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas/metabolismo , Plântula/metabolismo , Arabidopsis/imunologia , Arabidopsis/microbiologia , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Cálcio/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Fator Tu de Elongação de Peptídeos/genética , Fator Tu de Elongação de Peptídeos/metabolismo , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas/imunologia , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas/microbiologia , Plântula/imunologia , Plântula/microbiologia , Transdução de Sinais , Transformação GenéticaRESUMO
Agrobacterium tumefaciens is the causal agent of crown gall disease in a wide range of plants via a unique interkingdom DNA transfer from bacterial cells into the plant genome. Agrobacterium tumefaciens is capable of transferring its T-DNA into different plant parts at different developmental stages for transient and stable transformation. However, the plant genes and mechanisms involved in these transformation processes are not well understood. We used Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 seedlings to reveal the gene expression profiles at early time points during Agrobacterium infection. Common and differentially expressed genes were found in shoots and roots. A gene ontology analysis showed that the glucosinolate (GS) biosynthesis pathway was an enriched common response. Strikingly, several genes involved in indole glucosinolate (iGS) modification and the camalexin biosynthesis pathway were up-regulated, whereas genes in aliphatic glucosinolate (aGS) biosynthesis were generally down-regulated, on Agrobacterium infection. Thus, we evaluated the impacts of GSs and camalexin during different stages of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation combining Arabidopsis mutant studies, metabolite profiling and exogenous applications of various GS hydrolysis products or camalexin. The results suggest that the iGS hydrolysis pathway plays an inhibitory role on transformation efficiency in Arabidopsis seedlings at the early infection stage. Later in the Agrobacterium infection process, the accumulation of camalexin is a key factor inhibiting tumour development on Arabidopsis inflorescence stalks. In conclusion, this study reveals the differential roles of GSs and camalexin at different stages of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and provides new insights into crown gall disease control and improvement of plant transformation.
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PURPOSE: We designed this study to examine the clinical effects of polymyxin B hemoperfusion (PMX-HP) in septic shock patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively examined the effects of PMX-HP in septic shock patients with intra-abdominal or gram-negative bacterial infection during October 2013-May 2016. A one-to-one matching between the PMX-HP and conventional groups was performed, and 28-day mortality, and change in inotropic score, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score at 24h in the two groups were compared. In addition, multivariable regression analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression model were applied in all eligible patients. RESULTS: Sixty-nine patients were eligible, of whom fifty patients were enrolled for matched cohort analysis. In matched cohort analysis, change in inotropic score after 24h (-24.8 [19.7] vs. -6.4 [20.0], p=0.002) differed significantly between the PMX-HP and conventional groups. Multivariable regression analysis revealed that PMX-HP was associated with lower 28-day mortality (odds ratio 0.18, 95% CI 0.04-0.92, p=0.039) and greater improvement in inotropic and APACHE II scores. CONCLUSIONS: PMX-HP may have potential benefits for hemodynamic and prognostic outcomes in septic shock patients with intra-abdominal or gram-negative bacterial infection.
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Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/tratamento farmacológico , Polimixina B/uso terapêutico , Choque Séptico/tratamento farmacológico , APACHE , Idoso , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/mortalidade , Hemoperfusão , Humanos , Masculino , Escores de Disfunção Orgânica , Polimixina B/administração & dosagem , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Choque Séptico/mortalidade , TaiwanRESUMO
BACKGROUND: This study compared the cardiac output (CO) obtained from PiCCO with that obtained from the noninvasive NICOM method. METHODS: Twenty-one cirrhotic patients receiving liver transplantation were enrolled. During the operation, their CO was measured by the PiCCO system via the thermodilution method as the standard and by the NICOM method. Two parameters including cardiac index (CI) and stroke volume index (SVI) were collected simultaneously at three phases during the surgery including the dissection phase (T1), the anhepatic phase (T2), and the reperfusion phase (T3). Correlation, Bland and Altman methods, and linear mixed model were used to evaluate the monitoring ability of both systems. RESULTS: Poor correlation was noted between the data measured by NICOM and PiCCO; the correlation coefficients for CI and SVI measured between the two systems were 0.32 and 0.39, respectively. Bland and Altman analysis showed the percentage error of CI as 63.7%, and that of SVI as 66.6% for NICOM compared to PiCCO. Using the linear mixed model, the CI and SVI measured using NICOM were significantly higher than those using PiCCO (estimated regression coefficient 0.92 and 10.77, both p < 0.001). Mixed model analysis showed no differences between the trends of CI and SVI measured by the two methods. CONCLUSIONS: NICOM provided a comparable CI and SVI trend when compared to the gold standard PiCCO, but it raises concerns as an effective CO monitor because of its tendency to overestimate CI and SVI especially during the state of high cardiac output.