Brugada syndrome in Japan and Europe: a genome-wide association study reveals shared genetic architecture and new risk loci.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Brugada syndrome (BrS) is an inherited arrhythmia with a higher disease prevalence and more lethal arrhythmic events in Asians than in Europeans. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed its polygenic architecture mainly in European populations. The aim of this study was to identify novel BrS-associated loci and to compare allelic effects across ancestries. METHODS: A GWAS was conducted in Japanese participants, involving 940 cases and 1634 controls, followed by a cross-ancestry meta-analysis of Japanese and European GWAS (total of 3760 cases and 11 635 controls). The novel loci were characterized by fine-mapping, gene expression, and splicing quantitative trait associations in the human heart. RESULTS: The Japanese-specific GWAS identified one novel locus near ZSCAN20 (P = 1.0 × 10-8), and the cross-ancestry meta-analysis identified 17 association signals, including six novel loci. The effect directions of the 17 lead variants were consistent (94.1%; P for sign test = 2.7 × 10-4), and their allelic effects were highly correlated across ancestries (Pearson's R = .91; P = 2.9 × 10-7). The genetic risk score derived from the BrS GWAS of European ancestry was significantly associated with the risk of BrS in the Japanese population [odds ratio 2.12 (95% confidence interval 1.94-2.31); P = 1.2 × 10-61], suggesting a shared genetic architecture across ancestries. Functional characterization revealed that a lead variant in CAMK2D promotes alternative splicing, resulting in an isoform switch of calmodulin kinase II-δ, favouring a pro-inflammatory/pro-death pathway. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates novel susceptibility loci implicating potentially novel pathogenesis underlying BrS. Despite differences in clinical expressivity and epidemiology, the polygenic architecture of BrS was substantially shared across ancestries.

Effect of empagliflozin on ventricular arrhythmias in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator: the EMPA-ICD trial.

BACKGROUND: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce the risk of hospitalization for heart failure and cardiovascular death with type 2 diabetes; however, their effect on arrhythmias is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of empagliflozin on ventricular arrhythmias in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: A total of 150 patients with type 2 diabetes who were treated with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator or cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator (ICD/CRT-D) were randomized to once-daily empagliflozin or placebo for 24 weeks. The primary endpoint was the change in the number of ventricular arrhythmias from the 24 weeks before to the 24 weeks during treatment. Secondary endpoints included the change in the number of appropriate device discharges and other values. RESULTS: In the empagliflozin group, the number of ventricular arrhythmias recorded by ICD/CRT-D decreased by 1.69 during treatment compared to before treatment, while in the placebo group, the number increased by 1.79. The coefficient for the between-group difference was - 1.07 (95% confidence interval [CI] - 1.29 to - 0.86; P < 0.001). The change in the number of appropriate device discharges during and before treatment was 0.06 in the empagliflozin group and 0.27 in the placebo group, with no significant difference between the groups (P = 0.204). Empagliflozin was associated with an increase in blood ketones and hematocrit and a decrease in blood brain natriuretic peptide and body weight. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with type 2 diabetes treated with ICD/CRT-D, empagliflozin reduces the number of ventricular arrhythmias compared with placebo. Trial registration jRCTs031180120.

Weekday Surgery Associated With Short-Term Outcomes in Patients With Colorectal Cancers.

INTRODUCTION: The "weekday effect" on elective surgery remains controversial. We aimed to examine the association between the day of surgery and short-term outcomes after elective surgery for stage I-III colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS: We performed a multicenter retrospective analysis of 2574 patients who underwent primary colorectal resection for CRC between January 2017 and December 2019 at 15 institutions belonging to the Hiroshima Surgical Study Group of Clinical Oncology. Patients were divided into two groups according to the day of surgery: Friday and non-Friday (Monday to Thursday). After propensity score matching (PSM), we compared 30-day mortality and postoperative outcomes. RESULTS: Out of the total, 368 patients underwent surgery on Fridays, and the remaining 2206 underwent surgery on non-Fridays. The overall mortality rate was 0.04% (n = 1). In 1685 patients with colon cancer, the proportion of American Society of Anesthesiologists scores was significantly lower in the Friday group than in the non-Friday group before PSM. After PSM of patient, tumor, and operative characteristics, operative time was slightly more prolonged and blood loss was slightly greater in the Friday group; however, these differences were not clinically meaningful. In the 889 patients with rectal cancer, the proportion of patients with abnormal respiratory patterns was significantly lower in the Friday group than in the non-Friday group before PSM. After PSM, the Friday group had a higher incidence of morbidity (≥ Clavien-Dindo 3a), higher incidence of digestive complications, and prolonged postoperative hospital stay. CONCLUSIONS: The results may be useful in determining the day of the week for CRC surgery, which requires more advanced techniques and higher skills.

Survival outcomes of patients with stage III colorectal cancer aged ≥ 80 years who underwent curative resection: the HiSCO-04 prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy in elderly patients aged ≥ 80 years with stage III colorectal cancer remains unclear. In parallel with a multicenter prospective phase II trial evaluating the efficacy of uracil-tegafur and leucovorin as adjuvant chemotherapy (HiSCO-03), we conducted a prospective observational study of these patients to assess survival outcomes, including those ineligible for chemotherapy. METHODS: This multi-institutional prospective cohort study included 17 institutions in Hiroshima, Japan. Patients aged ≥ 80 years with stage III colorectal cancer who underwent curative resection were enrolled. The primary endpoint was 3-year disease-free survival, and the secondary endpoints were 3-year overall and relapse-free survival. Propensity score matching was used to assess the effects of adjuvant chemotherapy on survival outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 214 patients were analyzed between 2013 and 2018, including 99 males and 115 females with a median age of 84 years (range 80-101 years). Recurrence occurred in 58 patients and secondary cancers were observed in 17. The 3-year disease-free, overall, and relapse-free survival rates were 63.3%, 76.9%, and 62.9%, respectively. Adjuvant chemotherapy was administered to 65 patients with a completion rate of 52%. In a study of 80 patients that adjusted for background factors using propensity score matching, patients who completed the planned treatment showed improved disease-free survival (3-year disease-free survival: completed, 80.0%; not received, 65.5%; and discontinued, 56.3%; p = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS: Completion of adjuvant chemotherapy may improve the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer aged ≥ 80 years, although the number of patients who would benefit from it is limited.

An International Multicenter Cohort Study on ß-Blockers for the Treatment of Symptomatic Children With Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia.

BACKGROUND: Symptomatic children with catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) are at risk for recurrent arrhythmic events. ß-Blockers decrease this risk, but studies comparing individual ß-blockers in sizeable cohorts are lacking. We aimed to assess the association between risk for arrhythmic events and type of ß-blocker in a large cohort of symptomatic children with CPVT. METHODS: From 2 international registries of patients with CPVT, RYR2 variant-carrying symptomatic children (defined as syncope or sudden cardiac arrest before ß-blocker initiation and age at start of ß-blocker therapy <18 years), treated with a ß-blocker were included. Cox regression analyses with time-dependent covariates for ß-blockers and potential confounders were used to assess the hazard ratio (HR). The primary outcome was the first occurrence of sudden cardiac death, sudden cardiac arrest, appropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator shock, or syncope. The secondary outcome was the first occurrence of any of the primary outcomes except syncope. RESULTS: We included 329 patients (median age at diagnosis, 12 [interquartile range, 7-15] years, 35% females). Ninety-nine (30.1%) patients experienced the primary outcome and 74 (22.5%) experienced the secondary outcome during a median follow-up of 6.7 (interquartile range, 2.8-12.5) years. Two-hundred sixteen patients (66.0%) used a nonselective ß-blocker (predominantly nadolol [n=140] or propranolol [n=70]) and 111 (33.7%) used a ß1-selective ß-blocker (predominantly atenolol [n=51], metoprolol [n=33], or bisoprolol [n=19]) as initial ß-blocker. Baseline characteristics did not differ. The HRs for both the primary and secondary outcomes were higher for ß1-selective compared with nonselective ß-blockers (HR, 2.04 [95% CI, 1.31-3.17]; and HR, 1.99 [95% CI, 1.20-3.30], respectively). When assessed separately, the HR for the primary outcome was higher for atenolol (HR, 2.68 [95% CI, 1.44-4.99]), bisoprolol (HR, 3.24 [95% CI, 1.47-7.18]), and metoprolol (HR, 2.18 [95% CI, 1.08-4.40]) compared with nadolol, but did not differ from propranolol. The HR of the secondary outcome was only higher in atenolol compared with nadolol (HR, 2.68 [95% CI, 1.30-5.55]). CONCLUSIONS: ß1-selective ß-blockers were associated with a significantly higher risk for arrhythmic events in symptomatic children with CPVT compared with nonselective ß-blockers, specifically nadolol. Nadolol, or propranolol if nadolol is unavailable, should be the preferred ß-blocker for treating symptomatic children with CPVT.

Preferred left ventricular lead position for upgrade from right ventricular pacing to cardiac resynchronization therapy.

INTRODUCTION: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is well-established for treating symptomatic heart failure with electrical dyssynchrony. The left ventricular (LV) lead position is recommended at LV posterolateral to lateral sites in patients with left bundle branch block; however, its preferred region remains unclear in patients being upgraded from right ventricular (RV) apical pacing to CRT. This study aimed to identify the preferred LV lead position for upgrading conventional RV apical pacing to CRT. METHODS: We used electrode catheters positioned at the RV apex and LV anterolateral and posterolateral sites via the coronary sinus (CS) branches to measure the ratio of activation time to QRS duration from the RV apex to the LV anterolateral and posterolateral sites during RV apical pacing. Simultaneous biventricular pacing was performed at the RV apex and each LV site, and the differences in QRS duration and LV dP/dtmax from those of RV apical pacing were measured. RESULTS: Thirty-seven patients with anterolateral and posterolateral LV CS branches were included. During RV apical pacing, the average ratio of activation time to QRS duration was higher at the LV anterolateral site than at the LV posterolateral site (0.90 ± 0.06 vs. 0.71 ± 0.11, p < .001). The decreasing ratio of QRS duration and the increasing ratio of LV dP/dtmax were higher at the LV anterolateral site than at the posterolateral site (45.7 ± 18.0% vs. 32.0 ± 17.6%, p < .001; 12.7 ± 2.9% vs. 3.7 ± 8.2%, p < .001, respectively) during biventricular pacing compared with RV apical pacing. CONCLUSION: The LV anterolateral site is the preferred LV lead position in patients being upgraded from conventional RV apical pacing to CRT.

Impact of glycated hemoglobin on 2-year clinical outcomes in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation: sub-analysis of ANAFIE Registry, a large observational study.

BACKGROUND: This ANAFIE Registry sub-analysis investigated 2-year outcomes and oral anticoagulant (OAC) use stratified by glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels among Japanese patients aged ≥ 75 years with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) with and without clinical diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS: The ANAFIE Registry was a large-scale multicenter, observational study conducted in Japan; this sub-analysis included patients with baseline HbA1c data at baseline. The main endpoints evaluated (stroke/systemic embolic events [SEE], major bleeding, intracranial hemorrhage, cardiovascular death, all-cause death, and net clinical outcome [a composite of stroke/SEE, major bleeding, and all-cause death]) were stratified by HbA1c levels (< 6.0%; 6.0% to < 7.0%; 7.0% to < 8.0%; and ≥ 8.0%). RESULTS: Of 17,526 patients with baseline HbA1c values, 8725 (49.8%) patients had HbA1c < 6.0%, 6700 (38.2%) had 6.0% to < 7.0%, 1548 (8.8%) had 7.0% to < 8.0%, and 553 (3.2%) had ≥ 8.0%. Compared with other subgroups, patients with HbA1c ≥ 8.0% were more likely to have lower renal function, higher CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED scores, higher prevalence of non-paroxysmal AF, and lower direct OAC (DOAC) administration, but higher warfarin administration. The HbA1c ≥ 8.0% subgroup had higher event rates for all-cause death (log-rank P = 0.003) and net clinical outcome (log-rank P = 0.007). Similar trends were observed for stroke/SEE. In multivariate analysis, risk of all-cause death (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 1.46 [95% confidence interval 1.11-1.93]) and net clinical outcome (aHR 1.33 [1.05-1.68]) were significantly higher in the HbA1c ≥ 8.0% subgroup. No significant differences were observed in risks of major bleeding or other outcomes in this and other subgroups. No interaction was observed between HbA1c and OACs. Use/non-use of antidiabetic drugs was not associated with risk reduction; event risks did not differ with/without injectable antidiabetic drugs. CONCLUSIONS: Among elderly Japanese patients with NVAF, only HbA1c ≥ 8.0% was associated with increased all-cause death and net clinical outcome risks; risks of the events did not increase in other HbA1c subgroups. Relative event risks between patients treated with DOACs and warfarin were not modified by HbA1c level. TRIAL REGISTRATION: UMIN000024006; date of registration: September 12, 2016.

Relationship Between Canagliflozin, Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor, and Hematopoietic Effects in Patients With Diabetes and Mild Heart Failure: Results From the CANDLE Trial.

ABSTRACT: There were few clinical studies on the relationship between sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and hematopoiesis in patients with diabetes (DM) and heart failure (HF) with consideration of systemic volume status. A total of 226 DM patients with HF enrolled in the CANDLE trial, a multicenter, prospective, randomized open-label blinded-endpoint trial, were studied. Estimated plasma volume status (ePVS) was calculated based on a weight- and hematocrit-based formula. At baseline, there was no significant difference in hematocrit and hemoglobin between the canagliflozin (n = 109) and glimepiride (n = 116) groups. Hematocrit and hemoglobin at 24 weeks, changes in hematocrit and hemoglobin difference (24 weeks-baseline), and hematocrit and hemoglobin ratio (24 weeks/baseline) were significantly higher in the canagliflozin than in the glimepiride group, respectively. There was no significant difference in ePVS at baseline and 24 weeks between the 2 groups. After adjustment for baseline parameters, canagliflozin correlated positively with changes in hematocrit and hemoglobin difference, and hematocrit and hemoglobin ratio by multivariate linear regression analyses. The difference in hematocrit and hemoglobin between the 2 groups became statistically significant at 3 and 6 months after randomization. There was no heterogeneity between canagliflozin and the characteristics of the patients for hematocrit and hemoglobin difference and ratio. A correlation of the changes in hematocrit and hemoglobin with cardiac and renal improvement was not observed. In conclusion, canagliflozin was associated with an increased hematocrit and hemoglobin in patients with diabetes and HF regardless of their volume status and characteristics.

Prediction of the Presence of Ventricular Fibrillation From a Brugada Electrocardiogram Using Artificial Intelligence.

BACKGROUND: Brugada syndrome is a potential cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD) and is characterized by a distinct ECG, but not all patients with A Brugada ECG develop SCD. In this study we sought to examine if an artificial intelligence (AI) model can predict a previous or future ventricular fibrillation (VF) episode from a Brugada ECG.Methods and Results: We developed an AI-enabled algorithm using a convolutional neural network. From 157 patients with suspected Brugada syndrome, 2,053 ECGs were obtained, and the dataset was divided into 5 datasets for cross-validation. In the ECG-based evaluation, the precision, recall, and F1score were 0.79±0.09, 0.73±0.09, and 0.75±0.09, respectively. The average area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was 0.81±0.09. On per-patient evaluation, the AUROC was 0.80±0.07. This model predicted the presence of VF with a precision of 0.93±0.02, recall of 0.77±0.14, and F1score of 0.81±0.11. The negative predictive value was 0.94±0.11 while its positive predictive value was 0.44±0.29. CONCLUSIONS: This proof-of-concept study showed that an AI-enabled algorithm can predict the presence of VF with a substantial performance. It implies that the AI model may detect a subtle ECG change that is undetectable by humans.

Relationship Between Direct Oral Anticoagulant Doses and Clinical Outcomes in Elderly Patients With Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation　- ANAFIE Registry Sub-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: This sub-analysis of the ANAFIE Registry, a prospective, observational study of >30,000 Japanese non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients aged ≥75 years, assessed the prevalence of direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) under-dose prevalence, identified the factors of under-dose prescriptions, and examined the relationship between DOAC dose and clinical outcomes.Methods and Results: Patients, divided into 5 groups by DOAC dose (standard, over-, reduced, under-, and off-label), were analyzed for background factors, cumulative incidences, and clinical outcome risk. Endpoints were stroke/systemic embolic events (SEE), major bleeding, and all-cause death during the 2-year follow-up. Of 18,497 patients taking DOACs, 20.7%, 3.8%, 51.6%, 19.6%, and 4.3%, were prescribed standard, over-, reduced, under-, and off-label doses. Factors associated with under-dose use were female sex, age ≥85 years, reduced creatinine clearance, history of major bleeding, polypharmacy, antiplatelet agents, heart failure, dementia, and no history of catheter ablation or cerebrovascular disease. After confounder adjustment, under-dose vs. standard dose was not associated with the incidence of stroke/SEE or major bleeding but was associated with a higher mortality rate. Patients receiving an off-label dose showed similar tendencies to those receiving an under-dose; that is, they showed the highest mortality rates for stroke/SEE, major bleeding, and all-cause death. CONCLUSIONS: Inappropriate low DOAC doses (under- or off-label dose) were not associated with stroke/SEE or major bleeding but were associated with all-cause death.

Causes of Death in Elderly Patients With Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation　- Results From the ANAFIE Registry.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies on mortality in atrial fibrillation (AF) included a limited number of elderly patients receiving direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). This subanalysis of the ANAFIE Registry evaluated 2-year mortality according to causes of death of elderly non-valvular AF (NVAF) patients in the DOAC era.Methods and Results: The ANAFIE Registry was a multicenter prospective observational study. Mean patient age was 81.5 years and 57.3% of patients were male. Of the 32,275 patients completing the study, 2,242 died. The most frequent causes of death were cardiovascular (CV) death (32.4%), followed by infection (17.1%) and malignancy (16.1%). Incidence rates of CV-, malignancy-, and infection-related death were 1.20, 0.60, and 0.63 per 100 person-years, respectively. Patients aged ≥85 years showed increased proportions of non-CV and non-malignancy deaths and a decreased proportion of malignancy deaths compared with patients aged <85 years. The incidence of death due to congestive heart failure/cardiogenic shock, infection, and renal disease was higher in patients aged ≥85 than those aged <85 years. Compared with warfarin, DOACs were associated with a significantly lower risk of death by intracranial hemorrhage, ischemic stroke, and renal disease. CONCLUSIONS: This subanalysis described the mortality according to causes of death of Japanese elderly NVAF patients in the DOAC era. Our results imply that a more holistic approach to comorbid conditions and stroke prevention are required in these patients.

Echocardiographic Parameters of Left Atrial Structure and Function and Clinical Outcomes at 2 Years in Elderly Patients With Atrial Fibrillation　- The ANAFIE Echocardiographic Substudy.

BACKGROUND: This prospective ANAFIE Registry substudy investigated the relationship between the echocardiographic parameters of left atrial (LA) structure and function and clinical outcomes at 2 years among atrial fibrillation (AF) patients aged ≥75 years.Methods and Results: Outcomes of 1,474 elderly non-valvular AF (NVAF) patients who underwent transthoracic echocardiography at baseline were analyzed by categories of maximum LA volume index (max. LAVi) and LA emptying fraction (LAEF) total. Baseline mean±standard deviation LAEF total and max. LAVi were 28.2±14.9% and 54.2±25.9 mL/m2, respectively. Proportions of oral anticoagulant (OAC), direct OAC, and warfarin use were 92.7%, 68.7%, and 24.0%, respectively. Patients with LAEF total ≤45.0% (n=1,213) vs. >45.0% (n=224) were at higher risk of cardiovascular events (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.19, P=0.021) and heart failure (HF) hospitalization (HR: 2.25, P=0.045). Risk of all-cause death was higher with max. LAVi >48.0 mL/m2(n=656) vs. ≤48.0 mL/m2(n=621) (HR: 1.69, P=0.048). Subgroups with abnormal LA function and structure had increased incidence of cardiac/cardiovascular events and HF hospitalization. No significant interaction was observed between echocardiographic parameters and OAC type. CONCLUSIONS: Elderly Japanese patients with NVAF and LAEF total ≤45.0% were at higher risk of cardiovascular events and HF hospitalization, and those with max. LAVi >48.0 mL/m2were at higher risk of all-cause death.

Effect of Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation in Heart Failure With Mid-Range or Preserved Ejection Fraction　- Pooled Analysis of the AF Frontier Ablation Registry and Hokuriku-Plus AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: A recent randomized trial demonstrated that catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (EF) is associated with a reduction in death or heart failure. However, the effect of catheter ablation for AF in patients with heart failure with mid-range or preserved EF is unclear.Methods and Results: We screened 899 AF patients (72.4% male, mean age 68.4 years) with heart failure and left ventricular EF ≥40% from 2 Japanese multicenter AF registries: the Atrial Fibrillation registry to Follow the long-teRm Outcomes and use of aNTIcoagulants aftER Ablation (AF Frontier Ablation Registry) as the ablation group (525 patients who underwent ablation) and the Hokuriku-Plus AF Registry as the medical therapy group (374 patients who did not undergo ablation). Propensity score matching was performed in these 2 registries to yield 106 matched patient pairs. The primary endpoint was a composite of cardiovascular death and hospitalization for heart failure. At 24.6 months, the ablation group had a significantly lower incidence of the primary endpoint (hazard ratio 0.32; 95% confidence interval 0.13-0.70; P=0.004) than the medical therapy group. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with medical therapy, catheter ablation for AF in patients with heart failure and mid-range or preserved EF was associated with a significantly lower incidence of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure.

Effect of abdominal aortic calcification on the prognosis and recurrence of colorectal cancer stages II-III: A retrospective cohort study.

PURPOSE: Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) is a well-known risk marker for cardiovascular disease. However, its clinical effect on patients who underwent radical surgery for colorectal cancer (CRC) stages II-III is unclear. This study aimed to analyze the associations between AAC and prognosis of patients with stage II-III CRC. METHODS: To evaluate the effect of AAC on clinical outcomes, prognosis, and metastatic patterns of CRC, we analyzed 362 patients who underwent radical surgery for stage II-III CRC between 2010 and 2018. RESULTS: The high AAC group had significantly worse overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and recurrence-free survival (RFS) after propensity score matching to adjust for differences in baseline characteristics of patients and tumors. In the multivariate Cox regression analyses, a high AAC was an independent risk factor for poor OS (hazard ratio [HR], 2.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23-4.59; p = 0.01), poor CSS (HR, 5.22; 95% CI, 1.74-15.6; p < 0.01), and poor RFS (HR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.19-2.83; p < 0.01). A high AAC was not associated with a risk of lung metastasis or local or peritoneal recurrence, but a risk for liver metastasis of CRC. CONCLUSION: A high AAC showed a strong relationship with poor OS, CSS, and RFS after curative resection for stage II-III CRC. A high AAC was also associated with a risk for liver metastasis, which may worsen the prognosis in stage II-III CRC. AAC could be a new clinical tool for predicting the prognosis for patients in stage II-III CRC.

Association between social background and implementation of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for older patients undergoing curative resection of colorectal cancers, sub-analysis of the HiSCO-04 study.

PURPOSE: Adjuvant chemotherapy is recommended following colorectal cancer resection based on risk of recurrence. In older patients, treatment decisions should consider recurrence rates and tolerability, as well as functional prognosis, residual disease, and social factors. This study aims to investigate factors, including social background, influencing implementation of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in older patients undergoing curative resection for colorectal cancer. METHODS: This multi-institutional prospective cohort study included 15 institutions belonging to the Hiroshima Surgical study group for Clinical Oncology. We analyzed 159 older patients aged ≥ 80 years, who underwent curative resection for stage III colorectal cancer between December 2013 and June 2018, as sub-analysis of the HiSCO-04 study. RESULTS: In total, 62 (39.0%) patients underwent postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. Four factors were significantly associated with its implementation: performance status < 2, Charlson Comorbidity Index < 2, prognostic nutritional index ≥ 40, and presence of a spouse or siblings as lifestyle supporters. No significant difference was found in the backgrounds between complete and incomplete postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy patients. CONCLUSION: Performance status, Charlson Comorbidity Index, nutritional status, and presence of a spouse or siblings as lifestyle supporters are possible factors influencing the implementation of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in older patients. To select appropriate treatment options, including postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, it is essential to consider physical condition and comorbidities of older patients, thoroughly explain the situation to their families, and establish a support system to enhance understanding of the available treatment options.

Predictive factors associated with anastomotic leakage after resection of rectal cancer: a multicenter study with the Hiroshima Surgical study group of Clinical Oncology.

PURPOSE: Several factors have been reported as risk factors for anastomotic leakage after resection of rectal cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors for anastomotic leakage, including nutritional and immunological indices, following rectal cancer resection. METHODS: This study used a multicenter database of 803 patients from the Hiroshima Surgical study group of Clinical Oncology who underwent rectal resection with stapled anastomosis for rectal cancer between October 2016 and April 2020. RESULTS: In total, 64 patients (8.0%) developed postoperative anastomotic leakage. Five factors were significantly associated with the development of anastomotic leakage after rectal cancer resection with stapled anastomosis: male sex, diabetes mellitus, C-reactive protein/albumin ratio ≥ 0.07, prognostic nutritional index < 40, and low anastomosis under peritoneal reflection. The incidence of anastomotic leakage was correlated with the number of risk factors. The novel predictive formula based on odds ratios in the multivariate analysis was useful for identifying patients at high risk for anastomotic leakage. Diverting ileostomy reduced the ratio of anastomotic leakage ≥ grade III after rectal cancer resection. CONCLUSIONS: Male sex, diabetes mellitus, C-reactive protein/albumin ratio ≥ 0.07, prognostic nutritional index < 40, and low anastomosis under peritoneal reflection are possible risk factors for developing anastomotic leakage after rectal cancer resection with the stapled anastomosis. Patients at high risk of anastomotic leakage should be assessed for the potential benefits of diverting stoma.

Time-Dependent Changes in N-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide and B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Ratio During Hospitalization for Acute Heart Failure.

The time-dependent changes in the simultaneous evaluation of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal pro-BNP (NT-proBNP) levels during hospitalization for acute heart failure (AHF) remain obscure.A total of 356 AHF patients were analyzed. Blood samples were collected within 15 minutes of admission (Day 1), 48-120 hours (Day 2-5) and between days 7 and 21 (Before-discharge). Plasma BNP and serum NT-proBNP were significantly decreased on Days 2-5 and Before-discharge in comparison to Day 1, but the NT-proBNP/BNP ratio was not changed. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the median NT-proBNP/BNP (N/B) ratio on Day 2-5 (Low-N/B versus High-N/B). A multivariate logistic regression model showed that age (per 1-year increase), serum creatinine (per 1.0-mg/dL increase), and serum albumin (per 1.0-mg/dL decrease) were independently associated with High-N/B (odds ratio [OR]: 1.071, 95%confidence interval [CI]: 1.036-1.108, OR: 1.190, 95%CI: 1.121-1.264 and OR: 2.410, 95%CI: 1.121-5.155, respectively). Kaplan-Meier curve analysis showed that the High-N/B group had a significantly poorer prognosis than the Low-N/B group, and a multivariate Cox regression model revealed that High-N/B was an independent predictor of 365-day mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.796, 95%CI: 1.041-3.100) and HF events (HR: 1.509, 95%CI: 1.007-2.263). The same trend in prognostic impact was significantly observed in both low and high delta-BNP cohorts (< 55% and ≥ 55% BNP value on the start date/BNP value at 2-5-days).A high NT-proBNP/BNP ratio on Day 2-5 was associated with non-cardiac conditions and was associated with adverse outcomes even if BNP was adequately decreased by the treatment of AHF.

Substantial Reduction of Acute Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation Using Impella in AMI Complicated with Cardiogenic Shock.

A 77-year-old female presented with loss of consciousness, blood pressure of 90/60 mmHg, and heart rate of 47 bpm. At admission, highly sensitive Trop-T and lactate were elevated, and an electrocardiogram revealed an infero-posterior ST elevation myocardial infarction. Echocardiography revealed a depressed left ventricular ejection fraction with abnormal wall motion in the infero-posterior region and hyperkinetic apical movement along with severe mitral regurgitation (MR). Coronary angiography showed a hypoplastic right coronary artery, 100% thrombotic occlusion of the dominant left circumflex (LCx) artery, and 75% stenosis in the left anterior descending (LAD) artery. Substantial hemodynamic improvement with the reduction of acute ischemic MR was achieved by the initiation of an Impella 2.5, which is a transvalvular axial flow pump, and successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was conducted with stents to the LCx. The patient was weaned off the Impella 2.5 in 5 days, received staged PCI to LAD, and was later discharged after completion of the staged PCI to LAD.

Comparison of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Procedures and Outcomes for Recent and Acute ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction.

Although the primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is an established treatment for acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), relevant guidelines do not recommend it for recent-STEMI cases with a totally occluded infarcted related artery (IRA). However, PCI is allowed in Japan for recent-STEMI cases, but little is known regarding its outcomes. We aimed to examine the details and outcomes of PCI procedures in recent-STEMI cases with a totally occluded IRA and compared the findings with those in acute-STEMI cases.Among the 903 consecutive patients admitted with acute coronary syndrome, 250 were treated with PCI for type I STEMI with a totally occluded IRA. According to the time between symptom onset and diagnosis, patients were divided into the recent-STEMI (n = 32) and acute-STEMI (n = 218) groups. The background, procedure details, and short-term outcomes were analyzed. No significant differences between the groups were noted regarding patient demographics, acute myocardial infarction severity, or IRA distribution. Although the stent number and type were similar, significant differences were observed among PCI procedures, including the number of guidewires used, rate of microcatheter or double-lumen catheter use, and application rate of thrombus aspiration. The thrombolysis rate in the myocardial infarction flow 3-grade post-PCI did not differ significantly between the groups. Both groups had a low frequency of procedure-related complications. The in-hospital mortality rates were 0% and 4.6% in the recent-STEMI and acute-STEMI groups, respectively (P > 0.05).Although recent-STEMI cases required complicated PCI techniques, their safety, success rate, and in-hospital mortality were comparable to those of acute-STEMI cases.

Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of Life-Threatening Acute Myocardial Infarction in Patients Transferred to an Emergency Medical Care Center.

Patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) triaged as life-threatening are transferred to our emergency medical care center (EMCC). However, data on these patients remain limited. We aimed to compare the characteristics and AMI prognosis of patients transferred to our EMCC with those transferred to our cardiovascular intensive care unit (CICU) using whole and propensity-matched cohorts.We analyzed the data of 256 consecutive AMI patients transferred from the scene to our hospital by ambulance between 2014 and 2017. The EMCC and CICU groups comprised 77 and 179 patients, respectively. There were no significant between-group age or sex differences. Patients in the EMCC group had more disease severity score and had the left main trunk identified as the culprit more frequently (12% versus 0.6%, P < 0.001) than those in the CICU group; however, the number of patients with multiple culprit vessels did not differ. The EMCC group had a longer door-to-reperfusion time (75 [60, 109] minutes versus 60 [40, 86] minutes, P< 0.001) and a higher in-hospital mortality (19% versus 4.5%, P < 0.001), especially from non-cardiac causes (10% versus 0.6%, P < 0.001), than the CICU group. However, peak myocardial creatine phosphokinase did not significantly differ between the groups. The EMCC group had a significantly higher 1-year post-discharge mortality than the CICU group (log-rank, P = 0.032); this trend was maintained after propensity score matching, although the difference was not statistically significant (log-rank, P = 0.094).AMI patients transferred to the EMCC exhibited more severe disease and worse overall in-hospital and non-cardiac mortality than those transferred to the CICU.