RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Liposuction is one of the most commonly performed cosmetic procedures worldwide. Complications associated with submental liposuction are rare. However, when they occur they are significant and can cause disfiguring consequences. The objective of this study was evaluated complications from submentual liposuction in literature and description of clinical experience of complication after submentual liposuction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: At first, a scoping review was carried out online search with no time restrictions for complications after submental liposuction was performed in the databases Medline / PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. The variables analyzed were: age, sex, type of esthetic procedure, anesthesia, complications, time after Procedure, treatment, follow-up care, and sequelae. Then, a case of a patient with submental hematoma after an aesthetic procedure for submental liposuction was described. RESULTS: Firstly, 539 articles were selected, after application of the inclusion criteria, 4 studies were included. Most cases were female (8:1), with a mean age of 55.77 years. Postoperative complications were found, such as submental depression, submental edema, hypertrophic scar formation, scar contracture, cervical necrotizing fasciitis, Cervico-facial dystonia and transient facial nerve paralysis. The follow-up period for cases ranged from 3 to 12 months. The clinical case presented there was no sequelae. CONCLUSIONS: Submental liposuction requires the surgeon's attention. Anatomical knowledge, correct clinical and surgical management, diagnosis, and immediate approach to adverse situations are points that must be respected in this type of esthetic procedure to avoid more serious complications.
Assuntos
Lipectomia , Estética Dentária , Feminino , Humanos , Lipectomia/efeitos adversos , Lipectomia/métodos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pescoço/cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/cirurgiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Third molar extraction is among the most common surgical procedures performed by oral-maxillofacial surgeons. Postoperative pain, swelling and trismus are common, especially in wisdom teeth, due to trauma to local tissues and the duration of the surgical procedure, among other factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the 'Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses' in order to answer the focused question: 'Is the local submucosal injection of tramadol effective at the control of postoperative pain in patients submitted to impacted mandibular third molar extractions?'. We analyzed papers published until March 30, 2021 in the MEDLINE|PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases. Gray literature was also consulted. Standard pairwise meta-analyses of direct comparisons were performed using a fixed-effect model; I2 ≥ 50 % or ≥ 75 % indicated moderate or high heterogeneity, respectively. Risk of bias was assessed by Cochrane Collaboration's tool. RESULTS: In total, 172 participants (98 males and 74 females, aged 18 or over) from three randomized placebo-controlled trials were considered for analysis. The submucosal injection of 2 ml of tramadol adjacent to the impacted mandibular third molar was effective in controlling pain up to 6-hours after surgery, in increasing the onset of consumption of rescue analgesic and in reducing the total number of rescue analgesics used. CONCLUSIONS: The submucosal injection of tramadol can be considered a safe and effective procedure for pain control after impacted mandibular third molar extractions.
Assuntos
Dente Impactado , Tramadol , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Dente Serotino/cirurgia , Tramadol/uso terapêutico , Dente Impactado/cirurgia , Extração Dentária/efeitos adversos , Extração Dentária/métodos , Trismo , Dor Pós-Operatória/tratamento farmacológico , Dor Pós-Operatória/etiologia , Dor Pós-Operatória/prevenção & controle , Edema , AnalgésicosRESUMO
AIM: To verify the effects of melatonin supplementation on insulin sensitivity, plasma concentrations of inflammatory cytokines, insulin signalling and inflammatory pathways in the soleus (SM) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles of rats with apical periodontitis (AP). METHODOLOGY: Seventy-two Wistar rats were distributed into 4 groups: (a) control (C), (b) control supplemented with melatonin (M), (c) AP (AP), and (d) AP supplemented with melatonin (AP + M). AP was induced by pulp exposure of the maxillary and mandibular right first and second molars to the oral environment. After AP induction, oral supplementation with 5 mg kg-1 melatonin (diluted in drinking water) for 60 days was initiated. At the end of the treatment, the following were analysed: (1) plasma concentrations of insulin and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1ß and IL-10) using ELISA kits; (2) glycaemia using enzymatic assay; (3) insulin resistance using homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index; and (4) phosphorylation status of pp185 tyrosine, Akt serine, IKKα/ß, and JNK in SM and EDL using Western blot. Analysis of variance of two or three factors was performed, followed by the Bonferroni test. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: AP promoted insulin resistance, significantly increased (P < 0.05) plasma concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1ß), significantly decreased (P < 0.05) the concentration of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, impaired insulin signalling in SM, and increased IKKα/ß phosphorylation status in SM and EDL. Melatonin supplementation in rats with AP improved insulin sensitivity, significantly decreased (P < 0.05) TNF-α and IL-1ß, significantly increased (P < 0.05) IL-10 plasma concentrations, and changed the insulin signalling in soleus muscle and IKKα/ß phosphorylation status in SM and EDL muscles. CONCLUSIONS: Melatonin is a potent adjuvant treatment for improving apical periodontitis-associated changes in insulin sensitivity, insulin signalling and inflammatory pathways. In addition, the negative impact of AP on general health was also demonstrated.
Assuntos
Resistência à Insulina , Melatonina , Periodontite Periapical , Animais , Insulina , Melatonina/farmacologia , Periodontite Periapical/tratamento farmacológico , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
In addition to soil losses on hillslopes, unpaved rural roads, especially when poorly designed and maintained, can be a significant contributor to the erosive processes seen at the catchment scale. In areas with deep soils, the solutions primarily focus on channeling excess surface runoff into settling ponds or terraces. However, few studies have addressed runoff control from roads on steep slopes in areas of shallow soil. Modeling hydrological processes at the catchment scale is a useful strategy for choosing the most effective and least costly conservation practices to control surface runoff. This study applies a mathematical model to a monitored catchment in southern Brazil to better understand the effects of conservation practices on unpaved roads and their impact on the hydrological and erosive dynamics of a small rural catchment. We calibrated the LISEM model using data from eight stormwater events and evaluated how three different road conservation scenarios-low (LI), medium (MI), and high intensity (HI)-contributed to sediment yield (SY), surface runoff volume (Qe), and peak flow (Qp) reduction. The LI and MI scenarios involved installation of hydraulic structures to control the road surface runoff (i.e. road ditch graveling, diversion weirs and grass waterways) while the HI scenario added surface runoff control practices (grass strips) to surrounding crop fields, in addition to the practices included in the MI scenario. Based on these scenarios, the results showed a Qe reduction at the catchment outlet from - 3.5% (LI) to - 22.5% (HI). The Qp and SY varied from + 6.0% (LI) to - 292.5% (HI) and from + 20.0% (LI) to - 963.9% (HI), respectively. These results show that the low- and medium-intensity practices were not effective in controlling surface runoff from roads, based on the Qe, Qb, and SY observed at the catchment's outlet. On the other hand, when MI scenarios were complemented with practices to control surface runoff in the cultivated areas, a significant reduction in surface runoff (Qe and Qp) and SY was verified.
Assuntos
Monitoramento Ambiental , Solo , Hidrologia , Modelos Teóricos , PoaceaeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMDs) are defined as lesions with a greater likelihood of progressing to cancer. Population-based studies that evaluate the prevalence of OPMDs are scarce in Brazil. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of OPMDs and associated risk factors in a semi-urban Brazilian population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study, whose universe included individuals aged 40 years or older residing in a medium-sized city of northeastern Brazil. Data collection was divided into two steps: interview and oral examination. The outcome variable was the presence of OPMDs. The predictor variables were sociodemographic characteristics and risk habits. The bivariate analysis was performed through chi-square test. The crude prevalence ratios (PR) and its respective 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Poisson regression analysis with robust variance was used to calculate adjusted PRs and 95% CI. RESULTS: Three hundred fourteen individuals were included in the study. When asked about risk habits, 58.9% reported being current smokers or ex-smokers and 62.2% reported being current drinkers or ex-drinkers. The prevalence of OPMDs was 7.6% and was significantly higher among individuals with black skin color (p < 0.001), alcohol users (p = 0.017), and individuals with both tobacco and alcohol habits (p = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, the population in the present study had a high frequency of risk habits associated with PMDs of the oral cavity.
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Neoplasias Bucais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Neoplasias Bucais/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
AIMS: This study was designed to select lactic acid bacteria with histamine- and cholesterol-reducing abilities to be used as potential probiotics. METHODS AND RESULTS: Thirty strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated from an artisanal raw milk cheese were screened for their abilities to degrade histamine, reduce cholesterol and hydrolyse bile salts. Strains were also screened for safety and probiotic traits, such as resistance to gastrointestinal conditions, adhesion to Caco-2 cells, resistance to antibiotics and presence of virulence genes. Two Lactobacillus paracasei strains presented high cholesterol- and histamine-lowering abilities, tested negative for the presence of virulence genes and showed susceptibility to most important antibiotics. These strains were also shown to possess desirable in vitro probiotic properties, revealed by tolerance to gastrointestinal conditions and high adhesion to intestinal cells. CONCLUSIONS: Among the screened strains, Lb. paracasei L3C21M6 revealed the best cholesterol and histamine reducing abilities together with desirable probiotic and safety features to be used in food applications. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The strain L3C21M6 is a good candidate for use as a probiotic with histamine-degrading activity and cholesterol lowering effect. In addition, this strain could be use in dairy foods to prevent histamine food poisoning.
Assuntos
Anticolesterolemiantes/farmacologia , Queijo/microbiologia , Antagonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos/farmacologia , Lactobacillales/fisiologia , Probióticos/farmacologia , Animais , Anticolesterolemiantes/isolamento & purificação , Células CACO-2 , Antagonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Lactobacillales/isolamento & purificação , Lacticaseibacillus paracasei/isolamento & purificação , Lacticaseibacillus paracasei/fisiologia , Leite/microbiologia , Probióticos/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
The rice stalk stink bug, Tibraca limbativentris, is an important rice pest in Brazil with a high invasive potential for Mexico and the USA. The sex pheromone of this species was previously identified as a combination of two stereoisomers of 1,10-bisaboladien-3-ol (zingiberenol), but the absolute configurations of these sesquiterpenes were not determined, neither were their effect(s) on T. limbativentris behavior evaluated. In this study, using two chiral columns, we compared retention times of the two natural 1,10-bisaboladien-3-ol stereoisomers from air-entrainment samples of male T. limbativentris with those of synthetic stereoisomers of 1,10-bisaboladien-3-ol. The results showed that T. limbativentris males produce (3S,6S,7R)-1,10-bisaboladien-3-ol (1) and (3R,6S,7R)-1,10-bisaboladien-3-ol (5) as their sex pheromone. Two new minor, male-specific components were also identified as cis and trans isomers of 2,10-bisaboladien-1-ol (sesquipiperitol). Y-tube olfactometer bioassays showed that the major (3S,6S,7R) isomer 1 was essential for attraction of T. limbativentris females, but the minor (3R,6S,7R) isomer 2 was not, nor did it show synergistic/antagonistic effects when added to the major isomer. The (1S,6S,7R) and (1R,6S,7R) stereoisomers of sesquipepiritol also attracted T. limbativentris females.
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Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Heterópteros/química , Sesquiterpenos/química , Sesquiterpenos/farmacologia , Atrativos Sexuais/química , Atrativos Sexuais/farmacologia , Animais , Cromatografia Gasosa , Feminino , Heterópteros/metabolismo , Masculino , Estereoisomerismo , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/análise , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/químicaRESUMO
Objectives: Considering that bio-psycho-sociocultural variables influence menopause, this research aimed to assess the suitability of the self-regulation model in explaining the menopausal experience, and to explore differences among participants with different characteristics (e.g. health, sexual related) regarding menopause representations.Methods: Overall, 27 Portuguese women aged 40-65 years were assessed for sociodemographics, health, and sexual activity, as well as menopausal status and symptoms. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted. A directed content analysis was performed, and the qualitative data presented. Afterward, the frequencies of the categories were analyzed through quantitative methods (Mann-Whitney U tests).Results: Aging was the most frequently mentioned feature regarding menopause Identity, whereas vasomotor symptoms were the most mentioned regarding Negative Consequences and menses cessation regarding Positive Consequences. Features related to Cause (hormonal changes) and Control (need for acceptance) of menopause were also identified. No differences were found in the frequency of menopause representations between women with different characteristics (e.g. with higher vs. lower vasomotor symptom severity).Conclusion: The suitability of the self-regulation model to explain these women's menopause experience was confirmed and the representations did not vary among participants with different characteristics. This research might help professionals and researchers in developing comprehensive interventions, based on this theoretical model.
Assuntos
Atitude Frente a Saúde , Menopausa/psicologia , Autocontrole/psicologia , Adulto , Envelhecimento/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Menopausa/fisiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Portugal , Pesquisa Qualitativa , AutorrelatoRESUMO
AIM: To evaluate the morphology and impact of root canal preparation in maxillary incisors with palatogingival grooves (PGG). METHODOLOGY: Twenty extracted human maxillary incisors with PGG were subjected to macroscopic analysis and scanning electron microscopy analysis (SEM). The following characteristics of the PGG were evaluated: depth, point of origin in the cingulum, extension and position on the lingual surface. Furthermore, the presence of calculus, communications between the root canal system and the PGG, and root resorptions were investigated. The root canals were subsequently instrumented with K-files of three consecutive sizes. The teeth were sectioned, and the axial plane of each tooth section was imaged using SEM before and after instrumentation. The distance between the root canal walls and the PGG was calculated according to the location. Additionally, the distance between canal walls and cementum was measured at three different sites, to verify if instrumentation influenced dentine removal on a specific wall in teeth with PGG. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney or Student's t-test (P < 0.05). RESULTS: Macroscopic analysis revealed that a deep groove was most frequently observed (75%), followed by a depression/shallow groove (25%) (P < 0.05). PGG typically originated in the distal margin ridge of the cingulum (65%) (P < 0.05), extending only to the middle (45%) or up to the apical (50%) third of the root (P < 0.05). Additionally, PGGs were typically located on the distal aspect of the lingual surface (70%) (P < 0.05). Calculus was concentrated on the surface of the crown and cementum-enamel junction (P < 0.05). Communication between the root canal and PGG was present in 35% of teeth, and root resorptions were noted in 50% of teeth. The distance between the external root surface and the pulp cavity was significantly narrower after instrumentation (P < 0.05); however, root canal preparation did not influence dentine removal on the specific wall associated with the groove (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Palatogingival grooves were characteristically deep and originated from the distal margin of the cingulum. Although it has been associated with a thinner root wall, root canal preparation did not influence the thickness of the specific wall in the maxillary incisors with PGG.
Assuntos
Cavidade Pulpar , Camada de Esfregaço , Cemento Dentário , Dentina , Humanos , Incisivo , Irrigantes do Canal Radicular , Preparo de Canal Radicular , Tratamento do Canal RadicularRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Previous studies suggest that psychological distress during pregnancy may lead to fetal developmental adaptations, which programme cardio-metabolic disease of the offspring. We examined the associations of maternal overall psychological distress, depression and anxiety during pregnancy with cardio-metabolic risk factors in 10-year-old children and explore potential sex-specific differences. METHODS AND RESULTS: In a population-based prospective cohort study among 4,088 mothers and their children, information about overall psychological distress, including depression and anxiety was obtained through the Brief Symptom Inventory during pregnancy. We measured child blood pressure and heart rate and insulin, glucose, serum lipids and C-reactive protein blood concentrations at 10 years. Analyses were performed in the total group and in boys and girls separately. Psychological distress during pregnancy was associated with higher childhood heart rate among boys only (differences 0.34 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.18, 0.50) standard deviation scores (SDS), 0.22 (95% CI 0.06, 0.38) SDS, 0.33 (95% CI 0.19, 0.48) SDS, for overall psychological distress, depression and anxiety, respectively). Maternal anxiety during pregnancy was associated with higher childhood triglycerides among girls (difference 0.35 (95% CI 0.17, 0.53) SDS). Maternal psychological distress was not associated with childhood blood pressure, cholesterol, insulin, glucose and C-reactive protein concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal psychological distress may influence their offspring heart rate and triglycerides concentrations. Further studies are needed to replicate these findings and assess the long-term cardio-metabolic consequences of maternal psychological distress.
Assuntos
Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Depressão/epidemiologia , Frequência Cardíaca , Síndrome Metabólica/epidemiologia , Mães/psicologia , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Ansiedade/diagnóstico , Ansiedade/psicologia , Biomarcadores/sangue , Glicemia/análise , Pressão Sanguínea , Proteína C-Reativa/análise , Criança , Depressão/diagnóstico , Depressão/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Insulina/sangue , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólica/sangue , Síndrome Metabólica/diagnóstico , Síndrome Metabólica/fisiopatologia , Países Baixos/epidemiologia , Gravidez , Estudos Prospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Estresse Psicológico/diagnóstico , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Biofilms can be formed on the surfaces of dairy processing equipment and are a potential source of product contamination. This study evaluated the diversity of multispecies biofilms formed on stainless steel (SS) due to the contaminating microbiota in raw milk. Samples of raw milk were used: one was fresh milk and the other maintained in refrigerated bulk tanks for up to 48 h. The mesophilic aerobic contamination was â¼104 CFU ml-1 in fresh milk and 106 CFU ml-1 in bulk milk. SS coupons were kept immersed in the milk at 7 ±2 °C for 10 days, and every two days, the raw milk was changed for samples of the same origin collected on the current day. After incubation for 10 days, sessile cells in the biofilm reached 105 CFU cm-2 in the presence of fresh milk, and 106 CFU cm-2 in the presence of bulk milk. The genetic diversity analysis showed that Gammaproteobacteria and Bacilli predominated in the biofilms throughout the incubation of both milk samples and these biofilms showed a reduction in diversity over time. The main classes of bacteria found in these biofilms have representatives of great importance since many of them have spoilage potential.
Assuntos
Biofilmes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Contaminação de Equipamentos , Manufaturas/microbiologia , Microbiota , Leite/microbiologia , Aço Inoxidável , Animais , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Indústria de Laticínios/normas , Microbiologia de AlimentosRESUMO
High molar mass exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced from sucrose by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are of great interest as natural additives to use in foods, medical and pharmaceutical industry. This study aimed to identify the EPS produced by Leuconostoc citreum L3C1E7 isolated from Pico cheese and characterize the strain for technological and probiotic potential. Purified EPS was isolated from the culture of L. citreum L3C1E7 by ethanol precipitation, with a yield of 520 mg ml-1 . The EPS-producing strain had a mucoid phenotype and average molecular weight of 5·88 × 106 Da. The structural characterization of the purified EPS was determined by 1 H, 13 C and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. EPS was composed of alternating α-(1â6)-linked and α-(1â3)-linked D-glucopyranyl units, suggesting the existence of an alternan. The strain was slow acidifying, produced diacetyl and displayed high esterase/lipase and aminopeptidase activities, which promote the desirable flavours in dairy products. Moreover, L. citreum showed moderate resistance to the adverse conditions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and high adhesion to GI cells. This work provides a better understanding of EPS produced by L. citreum and the potential application of EPS-producing strain in food and/or as a probiotic culture. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Some LAB strains are known to use extracellular glycoside-hydrolase enzymes for synthesizing a diversity of exopolysaccharides (EPS) with potential application as natural additives to foods. Previous studies have identified an EPS-producing Leuconostoc citreum strain with immunomodulatory properties. This work provides a better understanding of EPS produced by this strain and the potential application of the strain in food fermentation and/or as a probiotic culture.
Assuntos
Queijo/microbiologia , Leuconostoc/metabolismo , Polissacarídeos Bacterianos/biossíntese , Polissacarídeos Bacterianos/química , Aderência Bacteriana/fisiologia , Células CACO-2 , Linhagem Celular , Fermentação , Trato Gastrointestinal/microbiologia , Células HT29 , Humanos , Leuconostoc/genética , Leuconostoc/isolamento & purificação , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Peso Molecular , Plasmídeos/genética , ProbióticosRESUMO
The impact of excess body fat on bone remodeling was evaluated in overweight, obese, and extremely obese adolescents. In adolescents with excess weight, it was observed that the higher the bone mineral content and bone mineral density values, the lower the levels of the biomarkers. Nutritional imbalances by excess had a negative effect on bone formation in this stage of life. INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of excess body fat on bone remodeling in adolescents. METHODS: Body weight, height, and body mass index were determined in 391 adolescents classified as normal weight, overweight, obese, and extremely obese. Bone age was obtained and bone mineral content and bone mineral density were evaluated in the lumbar spine, proximal femur, and total and subtotal body. Blood samples were collected for evaluation of the following bone biomarkers: osteocalcin, bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), and serum carboxy-terminal telopeptide (S-CTx). The data were analyzed according to nutritional status and age. RESULTS: In girls with excess weight, the biomarkers were higher in the 10 to 13-year age group and no significant differences were observed between groups according to nutritional status. In boys, the levels were higher in those aged 13 to 15 years. According to nutritional status, significant differences were only observed in mean S-CTx for the age groups of 10-15 years, with higher levels between overweight and obese adolescents aged 10-12 years and between obese and extremely obese adolescents aged 13-15 years. In girls, significant negative correlations were observed between lean mass, fat mass, and fat percentage and each of the three bone markers studied. There was no correlation between lean mass or fat mass and the three biomarkers in boys. The biomarker trends demonstrated across the age groups follow the age trends for growth velocity. CONCLUSIONS: The higher the fat percentage and fat mass in girls, the lower the levels of the biomarkers, indicating that excess body fat has a negative effect on the evolution of these markers during adolescence.
Assuntos
Remodelação Óssea/fisiologia , Sobrepeso/fisiopatologia , Adolescente , Envelhecimento/fisiologia , Antropometria/métodos , Biomarcadores/sangue , Índice de Massa Corporal , Densidade Óssea/fisiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Obesidade Mórbida/fisiopatologia , Fatores Sexuais , Adulto JovemRESUMO
A total of 114 lactic acid bacteria were isolated at one and 21 days of ripening from a traditional raw cow's milk cheese without the addition of starter culture, produced by three artisanal cheese-makers in Azores Island (Pico, Portugal). Identification to species and strain level was accomplished by16S rRNA gene and PFGE analysis. Carbohydrate utilization profiles were obtained with the relevant API kits. Isolates were evaluated according to safety and technological criteria. The most frequently observed genus identified by 16S rRNA sequencing analysis was Enterococcus, whereas API system mostly identified Lactobacillus. The highest percentages of antibiotic resistance were to nalidixic acid (95%), and aminoglycosides (64-87%). All isolates were sensitive to several beta-lactam antibiotics and negative for histamine and DNase production. Gelatinase activity was detected in 49.1% of isolates, 43% were able to degrade casein and 93% were α-hemolytic. Most enterococci presented virulence genes, such as gelE, asaI, ace. Diacetyl production was found to be species dependent and one strain (Leu. citreum) produced exopolysaccharides. Selected strains were further studied for technological application and were found to be slow acid producers in milk and experimental cheeses, a desirable trait for adjunct cultures. Two strains were selected on the basis of technological and safety application as adjunct cultures in cheese production and presented the best cheese aroma and flavor in consumer preference tests. This is the first effort to characterize Pico cheese LAB isolates for potential application as adjunct cultures; the results suggest the potential of two strains to improve the quality of this traditional raw milk product.
Assuntos
Queijo/microbiologia , Inocuidade dos Alimentos , Variação Genética , Lactobacillaceae/genética , Alimentos Crus/microbiologia , Animais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Bovinos , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Enterococcus/efeitos dos fármacos , Enterococcus/genética , Enterococcus/isolamento & purificação , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Qualidade dos Alimentos , Lactobacillaceae/classificação , Lactobacillaceae/isolamento & purificação , Lactobacillus/efeitos dos fármacos , Lactobacillus/genética , Lactobacillus/isolamento & purificação , Portugal , RNA Ribossômico 16S , Paladar , Vancomicina/farmacologia , Virulência/genéticaRESUMO
AIM: To compare the effectiveness of large apical preparations and complementary canal preparation with the Self-Adjusting File (SAF) in removing endotoxins from the root canal of teeth with apical periodontitis. METHODOLOGY: Ten single-rooted and single-canaled teeth with post-treatment apical periodontitis were selected. Endotoxin samples were taken after removal of the root filling (S1), after chemomechanical preparation (CMP) using 2.5% NaOCl and an R25 file (S2), after CMP using 2.5% NaOCl and an R40 file (S3) and after complementary CMP using the SAF system (S4). Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) was used to measure endotoxin levels. The Friedman and Wilcoxon tests were used to compare endotoxin levels at each clinical intervention (P < 0.05). RESULTS: After root filling removal, endotoxin was detected in 100% of the root canals (S1, 4.84 EU mL-1 ). CMP with the R25 file was able to significantly reduce endotoxin levels (P < 0.05). Increased levels of endotoxin removal were achieved by apical preparation with the R40 file (P < 0.05). Complementary CMP with SAF did not significantly reduce endotoxin levels (P > 0.05) following the use of the R40 instrument. CONCLUSIONS: Apical enlargement protocols were effective in significantly reducing endotoxin levels. Complementary preparation with the SAF system failed to eliminate residual endotoxin contents beyond those obtained with the R40 instrument.
Assuntos
Instrumentos Odontológicos , Endotoxinas/análise , Periodontite Periapical/terapia , Preparo de Canal Radicular/instrumentação , Humanos , Periodontite Periapical/microbiologia , Retratamento , Hipoclorito de Sódio/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Genomic disorders are genetic diseases that are caused by rearrangements of chromosomal material via deletions, duplications, and inversions of unique genomic segments at specific regions. Such rearrangements could result from recurrent non-allelic homologous recombination between low copy repeats. In cases where the breakpoints flank the low copy repeats, deletion of chromosomal segments is often followed by reciprocal duplication. Variations in genomic copy number manifest differently, with duplication and deletions of the same genomic region showing opposite phenotypes. Sotos syndrome is caused by alterations in the dosage of NSD1 on human chromosome 5 by either deletions or mutations, such as microdeletion of 5q35.2q35.3. In general, patients carrying reciprocal microduplication at 5q35.2q35.3 present no clinical phenotype or milder phenotype than do patients with microdeletion at the same locus. We report the first case of 5q35.2q35.3 microduplication encompassing NSD1 in a patient from central Brazil. We identified a genomic imbalance corresponding to a de novo 0.45 Mb microduplication at 5q35.2q35.3 by chromosomal microarray analysis and study of low-copy repeats. The proband had microduplication in the chromosomal region containing NSD1, which resulted in a Sotos syndrome reversed phenotype, and this duplication was associated with microcephaly, short stature, and developmental delay. Analysis of the genomic structure of the rearranged 5q35.2q35.3 chromosomal region revealed two major low-copy repeat families, which caused the recurrent rearrangements. Chromosomal microarray analysis is a potential tool to identify microrearrangements and guide medical diagnosis, which has to be followed by a non-directive genetic counseling approach to improve the quality of life of the patient.
Assuntos
Transtornos Cromossômicos/diagnóstico , Transtornos Cromossômicos/genética , Duplicação Cromossômica , Cromossomos Humanos Par 5 , Brasil , Humanos , Masculino , FenótipoRESUMO
AIMS: To investigate the safety and technological traits of previously isolated bacteriocinogenic enterococci strains for potential use as starter/adjunct cultures in foods. METHODS AND RESULTS: Fifty-five bacteriocinogenic enterococci strains previously isolated from different origins in Tunisia were screened for safety. Twenty-two strains did not harbour the genes coding for virulence traits, were susceptible to relevant antibiotics such as vancomycin, and tested negative for haemolysis, histamine production, gelatinase activity and DNase activity. These strains were further assessed for some technological properties, demonstrating low milk-acidifying ability, low proteolytic activity, high peptidolytic activity and diacetyl production in milk. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that 22 bacteriocinogenic enteroccoci strains did not present virulence features and could be safely applied in food preservation. Some strains also showed good technological potential as adjunct/protective cultures in milk fermentation and cheese production. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This is one of very few studies that identified safe Enterococcus strains capable of producing a wide variety of enterocins against different spoilage and pathogenic micro-organisms that have good potential for application as adjunct/protective cultures in foods.
Assuntos
Bacteriocinas/biossíntese , Enterococcus/isolamento & purificação , Enterococcus/metabolismo , Animais , Antibacterianos/biossíntese , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Queijo/microbiologia , Enterococcus/genética , Fermentação , Leite/microbiologia , Filogenia , Tunísia , Fatores de Virulência/genética , Fatores de Virulência/metabolismoRESUMO
Different studies in humans have provided evidence about the health benefits of probiotics. However, most probiotic strains do not maintain good viability in the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). In the present study, Latin-style fresh cheese produced with potential probiotic bacteria was tested to evaluate this cheese type as a food carrier for the delivery of viable microorganisms after exposure to simulated GIT conditions. The resistance of 28 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains and Listeria monocytogenes upon exposure to acidic conditions (pH 2.5) and bile and pancreatic enzymes (0.3% of bile salts and 0.1% of pancreatin) was evaluated in vitro. When compared with fresh cultures, fresh cheese greatly improved LAB survival to simulated GIT conditions, as no loss of viability was observed in either acidic conditions (pH 2.5) or bile salts and pancreatin environment over a 3-h period. In opposition, L. monocytogenes did not survive after 1h under acidic conditions. These data demonstrated that Latin-style fresh cheese could play an important role in probiotic protection against gastrointestinal juices, enhancing delivery within the gut and thereby maximizing potential health benefits of LAB.
Assuntos
Queijo/microbiologia , Listeria monocytogenes/fisiologia , Animais , Ácidos e Sais Biliares , Bovinos , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Trato Gastrointestinal , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Ácido Láctico , Lactobacillaceae/fisiologia , Pâncreas/enzimologia , ProbióticosRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to compare heart rate variability threshold (HRVT) in 6 incremental tests and test its reproducibility using visual inspection and Dmax methods for root mean square of successive differences between the adjacent normal R-R intervals (RMSSD), standard deviation of the normal RR interval (SDNN) and standard deviation of instantaneous beat-to-beat variability (SD1). 12 adult males performed an incremental test to volitional fatigue on a cycle simulator during 6 visits to the laboratory. The initial test load was 25 W, and the intensity was increased by 25 W every 3 min until volitional fatigue set in. The HRV during the incremental test was analyzed using the RMSSD, SDNN and SD1 indices and the determination of HRVT was performed using 2 methods: visual inspection and Dmax. The results demonstrated that the SD1 and RMSSD indices, determined by the visual inspection method, presented the highest reproducibility of HRVT when compared with the other indices and methods. We concluded that the best method for determining HRVT was the technique using the point of stabilization by visual inspection in the SD1 and RMSSD indices during the incremental test, due to its high reproducibility, lower coefficient of variation and increment size.
Assuntos
Teste de Esforço/métodos , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Adulto , Fadiga , Humanos , Masculino , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Adulto JovemRESUMO
We describe the first postnatal diagnosis of a child from Central Brazil with de novo cytogenetic alterations in 13q showing malformations of the brain, eyes, distal limbs, and genitourinary tract, and severe intellectual disability. The karyotype was a constitutive 46,XX,r(13)[77]/45,XX,-13[17]/46,XX,idic r(13)[6]. Interphase and metaphase fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses also showed the absence of 13qter and the presence of 13q14.3 in the cells with r(13), and chromosome microarray analysis detected a 15.39 Mb deletion in chromosome region 13q32.3-q34. This study is intended as the registry of a rare case of chromosomal rearrangement involving chromosome 13 in Central Brazil. Further studies are needed to define whether genetic haploinsufficiency is associated with each major 13q deletion anomaly.