RESUMO
According to recent research, selective neuronal vulnerability in Parkinson's disease (PD) results from several phenotypic traits, including calcium-dependent, feed-forward control of mitochondrial respiration leading to elevated reactive oxygen species and cytosolic calcium concentration, an extensive axonal arbor, and a reactive neurotransmitter. Therefore, antioxidant therapy is a promising direction in the treatment of PD. In vitro studies have indicated the survival-promoting activity of bacterial melanin (BM) on midbrain dopaminergic neuron cultures. It has been established that BM has a number of protective and anti-inflammatory properties, so there is a high probability of a protective effect of BM in the early stages of PD. In this study, PD was induced through the unilateral intracerebral administration of rotenone followed by bacterial melanin. Tissues (brain, lungs, and small intestine) from the observed groups underwent isolation and purification to extract isoforms of new thermostable superoxide (Ð2-)-producing associates between NADPH-containing lipoprotein (NLP) and NADPH oxidase-Nox (NLP-Nox). The optical absorption spectral characteristics, specific amounts, stationary concentration of the produced Ð2-, and the content of NADPH in the observed associates were determined. The optical absorption spectra of the NLP-Nox isoforms in the visible and UV regions in the experimental groups did not differ from those of the control group. However, compared with the control group, the specific content of the total fractions of NLP-Nox isoforms associated with PD groups was higher, especially in the small intestine. These findings suggest that the described changes may represent a novel mechanism for rotenone-induced PD. Furthermore, bacterial melanin demonstrated antioxidant properties and regulated membrane formation in the brain, lung, and small intestine. This regulation occurred by inhibiting the release of new membrane-bound formations (NLP-Nox associates) from these membranes while simultaneously regulating the steady-state concentration of the formed Ð2-.
Assuntos
Doença de Parkinson , Superóxidos , Ratos , Animais , Superóxidos/farmacologia , Rotenona/farmacologia , Melaninas/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , NADP/farmacologia , Cálcio , Neurônios DopaminérgicosRESUMO
Aerobic organisms including the gut microbiota have an essential antioxidant status, as a result of which these bacteria protect organisms from various pathologies and diseases. The goal of the given investigation is (1) the isolation and purification of the isoforms of endogenous Ð2--producing associate from gastrointestinal bacteria (Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium bifidum); (2) determination of the effective concentrations of exogenous Ð2- produced by a complex of NADPH-containing protein component and Fe(III) (NPC-Fe(III)) from raspberries on the growth of the gastrointestinal bacteria in a nutrient medium in vitro. Ion-exchange chromatography on cellulose DE-52 and gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 at the pH of 9.5 was used to isolate and purify the NLP-Nox isoforms. Specific maximal optical absorption spectra of the Nox isoforms were observed in a weakly opalescent aqueous solution of the NLP-Nox isoforms. The specific contents of these NLP-Nox isoforms, as well as their composition, the stationary concentration of produced Ð2-, and the mechanism of Ð2- production were determined. The stimulating effect on the growth of these gastrointestinal bacteria in the nutrient medium of MRS broth and MRS agar in vitro under the influence of Ð2-, as a product of a new thermostable and acid-stable complex NPC-Fe(III) was determined. The NPC-Fe(III) complex, from raspberries was determined as well. Thus, for the first time, the isolation and purification of Ð2-- producing thermostable NADPH-containing lipoprotein-NADPH oxidase (NLP-Nox) associate from gastrointestinal bacteria membranes (continuously producing Ð2- under the aerobic conditions), and the stimulation of these bacteria growth by Ð2- formed by the complex from raspberries were demonstrated.
The Ð2−-producing associate NLP-Nox was isolated and purified from the gut microbiota.NLP-Nox associate produces Ð2− by using a protein-bound non-free NADPH as a substrate.The NPC-Fe(III) isolated from raspberries generates Ð2−.The effective quantities of Ð2− promotes the growth and development of bacteria.