Combined resistance and aerobic exercise training reduces insulin resistance and central adiposity in adolescent girls who are obese: randomized clinical trial.

INTRODUCTION: Exercise training is recommended for improving health and protecting against the development of metabolic and cardiovascular pathologies. Combined resistance and aerobic exercise training (CRAE) has been shown to provide unique benefits in older adults with cardiovascular diseases. PURPOSE: We sought to determine the beneficial effects of CRAE in adolescent girls who are obese and hyperinsulinemic. METHODS: Forty adolescent girls who are obese (age 14.7 ± 1 years; BMI 30 ± 2) were randomly assigned to a "no exercise" (CON n = 20) or combined exercise group (EX n = 20). The EX group performed resistance and aerobic exercise for 12 weeks, 5 times per week. Exercise intensity was increased gradually, from 40 to 70% of heart rate reserve (HRR), every 4 weeks. The brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (BaPWV), blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), blood leptin, adiponectin levels, and body composition were measured before and after the 12-week intervention. RESULTS: We observed that CRAE effectively reduced the body fat percentage, body weight, and waist circumference in the EX group (p < 0.05). After 12 weeks of training, subjects in the CRAE group maintained appropriate leptin and adiponectin levels and showed positive improvements of blood insulin, glucose, and insulin resistance parameters relative to baseline and to the CON group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: CRAE is a useful therapeutic method to alleviate metabolic risk factors in adolescent girls who are obese and hyperinsulinemic.

How to Use YouTube for Radiology Education.

YouTube, the most commonly used free video-sharing platform globally, is increasingly being used as an educational tool in Radiology. Trainees worldwide now have the opportunity to learn about medical imaging at their own pace in the comfort of their homes, without geographical and financial constraints. Unfortunately, because YouTube is an easily accessible platform, it also incurs the risk of disseminating erroneous medical information or low-quality educational content. This article outlines the primary considerations when creating educational content on YouTube, including technical aspects, best practices, and measures to maximize effectiveness and success. Additionally, we discuss the current usage of the platform for Radiology education and its advantages and disadvantages and list some of the most popular Radiology YouTube channels.

Bronchoscopy Simulation Training as a Tool in Medical School Education.

BACKGROUND: Procedural simulation training is rare at the medical school level and little is known about its usefulness in improving anatomic understanding and procedural confidence in students. Our aim is to assess the impact of bronchoscopy simulation training on bronchial anatomy knowledge and technical skills in medical students. METHODS: Medical students were recruited by email, consented, and asked to fill out a survey regarding their baseline experience. Two thoracic surgeons measured their knowledge of bronchoscopy on a virtual reality bronchoscopy simulator using the Bronchoscopy Skills and Tasks Assessment Tool (BSTAT), a validated 65-point checklist (46 for anatomy, 19 for simulation). Students performed four self-directed training sessions of 15 minutes per week. A posttraining survey and BSTAT were completed afterward. Differences between pretraining and posttraining scores were analyzed with paired Student's t tests and random intercept linear regression models accounting for baseline BSTAT score, total training time, and training year. RESULTS: The study was completed by 47 medical students with a mean training time of 81.5 ± 26.8 minutes. Mean total BSTAT score increased significantly from 12.3 ± 5.9 to 48.0 ± 12.9 (p < 0.0001); mean scores for bronchial anatomy increased from 0.1 ± 0.9 to 31.1 ± 12.3 (p < 0.0001); and bronchoscopy navigational skills increased from 12.1 ± 5.7 to 17.4 ± 2.5 (p < 0.0001). Total training time and frequency of training did not have a significant impact on level of improvement. CONCLUSIONS: Self-driven bronchoscopy simulation training in medical students led to improvements in bronchial anatomy knowledge and bronchoscopy skills. Further investigation is under way to determine the impact of bronchoscopy simulation training on future specialty interest and long-term skills retention.