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1.
J Cell Physiol ; 239(6): e31265, 2024 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38577921

RESUMO

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is an endocrine system composed of two main axes: the classical and the counterregulatory, very often displaying opposing effects. The classical axis, primarily mediated by angiotensin receptors type 1 (AT1R), is linked to obesity-associated metabolic effects. On the other hand, the counterregulatory axis appears to exert antiobesity effects through the activation of two receptors, the G protein-coupled receptor (MasR) and Mas-related receptor type D (MrgD). The local RAS in adipose organ has prompted extensive research into white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue (BAT), with a key role in regulating the cellular and metabolic plasticity of these tissues. The MasR activation favors the brown plasticity signature in the adipose organ by improve the thermogenesis, adipogenesis, and lipolysis, decrease the inflammatory state, and overall energy homeostasis. The MrgD metabolic effects are related to the maintenance of BAT functionality, but the signaling remains unexplored. This review provides a summary of RAS counterregulatory actions triggered by Mas and MrgD receptors on adipose tissue plasticity. Focus on the effects related to the morphology and function of adipose tissue, especially from animal studies, will be given targeting new avenues for treatment of obesity-associated metabolic effects.


Assuntos
Tecido Adiposo , Proto-Oncogene Mas , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G , Sistema Renina-Angiotensina , Animais , Humanos , Tecido Adiposo/metabolismo , Tecido Adiposo Marrom/metabolismo , Tecido Adiposo Branco/metabolismo , Metabolismo Energético , Obesidade/metabolismo , Obesidade/patologia , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/metabolismo , Sistema Renina-Angiotensina/fisiologia , Transdução de Sinais
2.
Adv Exp Med Biol ; 1443: 211-220, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38409423

RESUMO

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood sugar levels, resulting from either body's inability to produce or effectively utilize insulin. There are several types of DM, but the most common are type 1 diabetes (T1D), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). DM is a complex disease and a global health concern, and the current clinical markers, such as fasting glucose, are helpful in the diagnosis of DM, but are not specific and sensitive, especially when measured on the beginning of the pathogenesis. Therefore, there is a pressing need to discover new early biomarkers that can provide an early diagnosis. Omics is an important field for the discovery of potential new biomarkers, especially proteomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics, where techniques such as liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance are utilized to identify novel DM biomarkers and their pathways. In this review, we report papers that applied omics in the context of DM to identify new markers and their relationship with this disease, with the aim of elucidating new diagnostic techniques for the main types of DM.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Lipidômica , Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Proteômica/métodos , Metabolômica/métodos , Biomarcadores
3.
Int J Toxicol ; 34(3): 250-7, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25870144

RESUMO

Chloroform is an organic solvent used as an intermediate in the synthesis of various fluorocarbons. Despite its widespread use in industry and agriculture, exposure to chloroform can cause illnesses such as cancer, especially in the liver and kidneys. The aim of the study was to analyze the effects of chloroform on redox imbalance and pulmonary inflammatory response in adult C57BL/6 mice. Forty animals were divided into 4 groups (N = 10): female (FCG) and male (MCG) controls, and females (FEG) and males (MEG) exposed to chloroform (7.0 ppm) 3 times/d for 20 minutes for 5 days. Total and differential cell counts, oxidative damage analysis, and protein carbonyl and antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT) activity measurements were performed. Morphometric analyses included alveolar area (Aa) and volume density of alveolar septa (Vv) measurements. Compared to FCG and MCG, inflammatory cell influx, oxidative damage to lipids and proteins, and CAT activity were higher in FEG and MEG, respectively. Oxidative damage and enzyme CAT activity were higher in FEG than in FCG. The Aa was higher in FEG and MEG than in FCG and MCG, respectively. The Vv was lower in FEG and MEG than in FCG and MCG, respectively. This study highlights the risks of occupational chloroform exposure at low concentrations and the intensity of oxidative damage related to gender. The results validate a model of acute exposure that provides cellular and biochemical data through short-term exposure to chloroform.


Assuntos
Carcinógenos/toxicidade , Clorofórmio/toxicidade , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Pneumonia/induzido quimicamente , Alvéolos Pulmonares/efeitos dos fármacos , Mucosa Respiratória/efeitos dos fármacos , Solventes/toxicidade , Animais , Câmaras de Exposição Atmosférica , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Catalase/metabolismo , Feminino , Imunidade Inata/efeitos dos fármacos , Imunidade nas Mucosas/efeitos dos fármacos , Exposição por Inalação , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Oxirredução , Pneumonia/imunologia , Pneumonia/metabolismo , Pneumonia/patologia , Carbonilação Proteica/efeitos dos fármacos , Alvéolos Pulmonares/imunologia , Alvéolos Pulmonares/metabolismo , Alvéolos Pulmonares/patologia , Mucosa Respiratória/imunologia , Mucosa Respiratória/metabolismo , Mucosa Respiratória/patologia , Caracteres Sexuais , Testes de Toxicidade Aguda
4.
Oxid Med Cell Longev ; 2016: 1014928, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28018521

RESUMO

Obesity is a multifactorial disease with genetic, social, and environmental influences. This study aims at analyzing the effects of the combination of a refined carbohydrate diet and exposure to hyperoxia on the pulmonary oxidative and inflammatory response in mice. Twenty-four mice were divided into four groups: control group (CG), hyperoxia group (HG), refined carbohydrate diet group (RCDG), and refined carbohydrate diet + hyperoxia group (RCDHG). The experimental diet was composed of 10% sugar, 45% standard diet, and 45% sweet condensed milk. For 24 hours, the HG and RCDHG were exposed to hyperoxia and the CG and RCDG to ambient air. After the exposures were completed, the animals were euthanized, and blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and lungs were collected for analyses. The HG showed higher levels of interferon-γ in adipose tissue as compared to other groups and higher levels of interleukin-10 and tumor necrosis factor-α compared to the CG and RCDHG. SOD and CAT activities in the pulmonary parenchyma decreased in the RCDHG as compared to the CG. There was an increase of lipid peroxidation in the HG, RCDG, and RCDHG as compared to the CG. A refined carbohydrate diet combined with hyperoxia promoted inflammation and redox imbalance in adult mice.


Assuntos
Carboidratos da Dieta/efeitos adversos , Hiperóxia/patologia , Adipócitos/patologia , Adiposidade/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Glicemia/metabolismo , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar/citologia , Contagem de Células , Colesterol/metabolismo , Epididimo/efeitos dos fármacos , Epididimo/patologia , Comportamento Alimentar , Hiperóxia/sangue , Imunoensaio , Inflamação/patologia , Leptina/sangue , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Pulmão/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Oxirredução/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Aumento de Peso/efeitos dos fármacos
5.
Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis ; 11: 3207-3217, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28008246

RESUMO

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a high refined carbohydrate diet and pulmonary inflammatory response in C57BL/6 mice exposed to cigarette smoke (CS). Twenty-four male mice were divided into four groups: control group (CG), which received a standard diet; cigarette smoke group (CSG), which was exposed to CS; a high refined carbohydrate diet group (RG), which received a high refined carbohydrate diet; and a high refined carbohydrates diet and cigarette smoke group (RCSG), which received a high refined carbohydrate diet and was exposed to CS. The animals were monitored for food intake and body weight gain for 12 weeks. After this period, the CSG and RCSG were exposed to CS for five consecutive days. At the end of the experimental protocol, all animals were euthanized for subsequent analyses. There was an increase of inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of CSG compared to CG and RCSG compared to CG, CSG, and RG. In addition, in the BALF, there was an increase of tumor necrosis factor alpha in RCSG compared to CG, CSG, and RG; interferon gamma increase in RCSG compared to the CSG; and increase in interleukin-10 in RCSG compared to CG and RG. Lipid peroxidation increased in RCSG compared to CG, CSG, and RG. Furthermore, the oxidation of proteins increased in CSG compared to CG. The analysis of oxidative stress showed an increase in superoxide dismutase in RCSG compared to CG, CSG, and RG and an increase in the catalase activity in RCSG compared with CG. In addition, there was a decrease in the glutathione reduced/glutathione total ratio of CSG, RG, and RCSG compared to CG. Therefore, the administration of a high refined carbohydrate diet promoted an increase in pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress in mice exposed to CS.


Assuntos
Citocinas/metabolismo , Carboidratos da Dieta/toxicidade , Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo , Pulmão/metabolismo , Pneumonia/etiologia , Fumaça/efeitos adversos , Fumar/efeitos adversos , Animais , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar/química , Catalase/metabolismo , Citocinas/imunologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Ingestão de Alimentos , Glutationa/metabolismo , Mediadores da Inflamação/imunologia , Exposição por Inalação/efeitos adversos , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Pulmão/imunologia , Pulmão/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Estresse Oxidativo , Pneumonia/imunologia , Pneumonia/metabolismo , Pneumonia/patologia , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Fatores de Tempo , Aumento de Peso
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