Hydrolyzed whey protein prevents the development of food allergy to ß-lactoglobulin in sensitized mice.

Food allergy is an adverse immune response to dietary proteins. Hydrolysates are frequently used for children with milk allergy. However, hydrolysates effects afterwards are poorly studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunological consequences of hydrolyzed whey protein in allergic mice. For that, we developed a novel model of food allergy in BALB/c mice sensitized with alum-adsorbed ß-lactoglobulin. These mice were orally challenged with either whey protein or whey hydrolysate. Whey-challenged mice had elevated levels of specific IgE and lost weight. They also presented gut inflammation, enhanced levels of SIgA and IL-5 as well as decreased production of IL-4 and IL-10 in the intestinal mucosa. Conversely, mice challenged with hydrolyzate maintained normal levels of IgE, IL-4 and IL-5 and showed no sign of gut inflammation probably due to increased IL-12 production in the gut. Thus, consumption of hydrolysate prevented the development of clinical signs of food allergy in mice.

What are the characteristics that influence the sitting time in university students? / Quais são as características que influenciam o tempo sentado em universitários?

Abstract The objective was to estimate the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics, link with the university, behavioral, biological, and self-rated related to health, with time sitting in university students at federal institutions in the state of Bahia, Brazil. This cross-sectional study was carried out with university students from six institutions (Federal University "Recôncavo da Bahia", Federal University of "Bahia", Federal University of "Oeste da Bahia", University of International Integration of Afro-Brazilian Lusophony, Federal University of "Vale do São Francisco" and Federal University of "Sul da Bahia") in the state from Bahia in 2019. Time sitting in hours per day was investigated and relation sociodemographic, link with the university, behavioral, biological, self-rated of stress and health variables. Path analysis was used to apply multivariate linear regression. The significance status was 5%. A total of 1,217 university students participated of the study. The final model accounts for 6% of sitting time. Self-rated health as positive (β: -0.117; p: <0.001), increasing age (β: -0.115; p: <0.001) and physical activity practice (β: -0.113; p: <0.001) contributed to the decrease in sitting time. The increase in the amount of inadequate eating habits (β: 0.063; p: 0.032) favored the increase in sitting time. The adjustment indices were satisfactory. Concluded that self-rated health as positive, advancing age and physical activities practice were determinants of reduced sitting time, on the other hand, irregular eating behaviors favored sedentary behavior.

Resumo O objetivo foi estimar a associação entre as características sociodemográficas, de vínculo com a universidade, comportamentais, biológicas e de autoavaliação relacionada a saúde, com o tempo sentado em universitários de instituições federais do estado da Bahia, Brasil. Este estudo transversal foi realizado com universitários de seis instituições (Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco e Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia) do estado da Bahia em 2019. Foi investigado o tempo sentado em horas/dia em relação as variáveis sociodemográficas, de vínculo com a universidade, comportamentais, biológicas e de autoavaliação do estresse e saúde. Empregou-se a análise de caminhos por meio da regressão linear múltipla. O nível de significância foi de 5%. Participaram do estudo 1.217 universitários. O modelo final explicou 6% do tempo sentado. Os universitários que autoavaliaram a saúde como positiva (β: -0,117; p: <0,001), aqueles com maior idade (β: -0,115; p: <0,001) e que apresentam mais tempo de prática de atividades físicas (β: -0,113; p: <0,001) apresentaram diminuição do tempo sentado. O aumento da quantidade de hábitos alimentares inadequados (β: 0,063; p: 0,032) favoreceu o aumento do tempo sentado. Os índices de ajuste foram satisfatórios. Concluiu-se que a autoavaliação da saúde como positiva, o avanço da idade e a prática de atividades físicas foram determinantes da redução do tempo sentado, por outro lado, os comportamentos alimentares irregulares favoreceram o sedentarismo.

Consumption of Diet Containing Free Amino Acids Exacerbates Colitis in Mice.

Dietary proteins can influence the maturation of the immune system, particularly the gut-associated lymphoid tissue, when consumed from weaning to adulthood. Moreover, replacement of dietary proteins by amino acids at weaning has been shown to impair the generation of regulatory T cells in the gut as well as immune activities such as protective response to infection, induction of oral and nasal tolerance as well as allergic responses. Polymeric and elemental diets are used in the clinical practice, but the specific role of intact proteins and free amino acids during the intestinal inflammation are not known. It is plausible that these two dietary nitrogen sources would yield distinct immunological outcomes since proteins are recognized by the immune system as antigens and amino acids do not bind to antigen-recognition receptors but instead to intracellular receptors such as mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). In this study, our aim was to evaluate the effects of consumption of an amino acid-containing diet (AA diet) versus a control protein-containing diet in adult mice at steady state and during colitis development. We showed that consumption of a AA diet by adult mature mice lead to various immunological changes including decrease in the production of serum IgG as well as increase in the levels of IL-6, IL-17A, TGF-ß, and IL-10 in the small and large intestines. It also led to changes in the intestinal morphology, to increase in intestinal permeability, in the number of total and activated CD4+ T cells in the small intestine as well as in the frequency of proliferating cells in the colon. Moreover, consumption of AA diet during and prior to development of dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis exacerbated gut inflammation. Administration of rapamycin during AA diet consumption prevented colitis exacerbation suggesting that mTOR activation was involved in the effects triggered by the AA diet. Therefore, our study suggests that different outcomes can result from the use of diets containing either intact proteins or free amino acids such as elemental, semielemental, and polymeric diets during intestinal inflammation. These results may contribute to the design of nutritional therapeutic intervention for inflammatory bowel diseases.

Concordância entre o Índice de Massa Corporal e a Mini Avaliação Nutricional em idosos / Agreement between the Body Mass Index and Mini Nutritional Assessment in elderly

Avaliar a concordância entre o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) e a Mini Avaliação Nutricional (MAN) para avaliação do estado nutricional de idosos. Estudo transversal, analítico descritivo, com idosos da Estratégia de Saúde da Família. Avaliou-se o estado nutricional pelo IMC e pela MAN, e foi descrito o perfil sociodemográfico, de comorbidades e estilo de vida. A correlação entre os indicadores foi calculada pelo teste de Spearman e a concordância avaliada através do estimador de Bland-Altman. Segundo o IMC, 29% dos idosos apresentaram baixo peso, enquanto a MAN demonstrou que 35% estavam desnutridos ou risco de desnutrição. A MAN apresentou diferença de média de -0,29 para o IMC e correlação positiva (rho = 0,35; p = 0,01). Houve concordância entre os métodos utilizados para avaliação do estado nutricional de idosos, sendo observada elevada prevalência de baixo peso, assim como de desnutrição e risco de desnutrição.

To evaluate the agreement between the Body Mass Index (BMI) and the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) to assess the nutritional status of the elderly. Cross-sectional study with elderly in the Family Health Strategy program. Nutritional status was assessed using BMI and MNA, as well as the sociodemographic profile, comorbidities and lifestyle. The correlation between the indicators was calculated using the Spearman test and the agreement was assessed using the Bland-Altman estimator. According to the BMI, 29% of the elderly were underweight, while MNA demonstrated that 35% were malnourished or at risk of malnutrition. MNA showed a mean difference of -0.29 for BMI and a positive correlation (rho = 0.35; p = 0.01). There was agreement between the methods used to assess the nutritional status of the elderly, with a high prevalence of underweight, as well as malnutrition and risk of malnutrition.

Pretreatment and Treatment With L-Arginine Attenuate Weight Loss and Bacterial Translocation in Dextran Sulfate Sodium Colitis.

BACKGROUND: Imbalances in a variety of factors, including genetics, intestinal flora, and mucosal immunity, can contribute to the development of ulcerative colitis and its side effects. This study evaluated the effects of pretreatment or treatment with arginine by oral administration on intestinal permeability, bacterial translocation (BT), and mucosal intestinal damage due to colitis. METHODS: C57BL/6 mice were distributed into 4 groups: standard diet and water (C: control group), standard diet and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) solution (Col: colitis group), 2% L-arginine supplementation for 7 days prior to DSS administration and during disease induction (PT: pretreated group), and 2% L-arginine supplementation during disease induction (T: treated group). Colitis was induced by administration of 1.5% DSS for 7 days. After 14 days, intestinal permeability and BT were evaluated; colons were collected for histologic analysis and determination of cytokines; feces were collected for measurement of immunoglobulin A (IgA). RESULTS: The Col group showed increased intestinal permeability (C vs Col: P < .05) and BT (C vs Col: P < .05). In the arginine-supplemented groups (PT and T), this amino acid tended to decrease intestinal permeability. Arginine decreased BT to liver during PT (P < .05) and to blood, liver, spleen, and lung during T (P < .05). Histologic analysis showed that arginine preserved the intestinal mucosa and tended to decreased inflammation. CONCLUSIONS: Arginine attenuates weight loss and BT in mice with colitis.