Does Weight Status Impact Metabolic Health in Adolescents When Controlling for Physical Fitness?

PURPOSE: To determines whether adolescents who are fit with overweight/obesity are similar in their metabolic profile to adolescents who are fit and normal weight. METHODS: Adolescents participated in 3 sessions: (1) resting vitals and anthropometrics; (2) maximal aerobic treadmill test ((Equation is included in full-text article.)) to determine physical fitness; and (3) dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and fasting laboratory draw for analysis of insulin, glucose, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and C-reactive protein. RESULTS: Of the 30 fit adolescents who are normal weight and 16 adolescents who are fit and overweight/obese (OW/OB), metabolic syndrome was apparent in 1 adolescent who are normal weight and 4 adolescents who are OW/OB. Metabolic syndrome severity was positively associated with body mass index, waist circumference, total body fat, insulin resistance, and C-reactive protein but inversely associated with peak relative, but not lean (Equation is included in full-text article.). CONCLUSIONS: Despite good physical fitness, adolescents who are OW/OB demonstrated greater metabolic syndrome than adolescents who are normal weight. Future intervention research is necessary to explore the relation between physical fitness and metabolic syndrome.

Effects of Weight and Pain on Physical Activity: Insights from the Lived Experiences of Youth with Co-Occurring Chronic Pain and Obesity.

Objective: Pediatric obesity and chronic pain are each associated with an increased risk for numerous poor physical and mental health outcomes. Co-occurring chronic pain and obesity (CPO) result in greater functional disability compared with either condition alone. The aim of the present study was to use qualitative methods to better understand the challenges experienced by adolescents with CPO, with a specific focus on physical activity. Methods: Semistructured interviews were conducted with 13 youth with CPO. Participants were questioned about pain, physical activity, coping strategies, and the perceived relationship between weight and pain. Interviews were audiorecorded, transcribed, and analyzed according to Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Results: Superordinate themes expressed by youth included: Impact of Chronic Pain on Relationships, Impact of Pain on Self-Perception, Using Food to Cope with Pain, Perceived Relationship between Pain and Weight after Onset of Pain, Attitudes toward Physical Activity, Barriers to Physical Activity, and Supports to Physical Activity. Conclusions: Participants identified challenges associated with CPO. Notably, participants identified pain as a greater barrier to exercise than weight, implicating the salience of chronic pain in the lives of youth with CPO. Furthermore, participants identified a desire to be more physically active, yet discussed struggles and concerns about attempts to increase their physical activity and indicated a desire for guidance about being more active. This study highlights the complexities of the relationship between CPO and underscores the importance of providers collaboratively working with patients to develop a practical plan to resume movement and physical activity.

Pain as a Comorbidity of Pediatric Obesity.

The purpose of this study was to document the prevalence and characteristics of physical pain in a sample of severely obese children and adolescents. In this retrospective chart review, primary measures included current and past pain, pain intensity, and pain characteristics during a 5-minute walk test. Pain assessments for 74 patients (mean age 11.7 years; 53% female; 41% African American) were conducted by a physical therapist. Past pain was reported by 73% of the sample, with 47% reporting pain on the day of program enrollment. Although average pain intensity was moderate (M = 5.5/10), alarmingly, 42% of those with current pain reported severe pain (6/10 to 10/10). Overall, pain occurred primarily in the lower extremities and with physical activity. Patients reporting current pain had a significantly higher body mass index than those reporting no pain. These findings suggest that pain is common in severely obese youth, and furthermore, that pain should be recognized as a comorbidity of pediatric obesity. Routinely screening severely obese children and adolescents for pain presence and intensity is recommended.