Neurological implications of antenatal corticosteroids on late preterm and term infants: a scoping review.

The objective of this study was to synthesize the body of knowledge on the association between ACS exposure for risk of preterm birth and brain development in infants ultimately born late preterm and term. Three databases and eight conference proceedings were systematically searched (1972-2021). Selection criteria included ACS administration for risk of preterm delivery, cohort of late preterm and term infants, and assessment of brain development. Data on study characteristics, ACS administration, and neurological outcomes were extracted and qualitatively synthesized according to themes. Neurological outcomes of the included studies (n = 27) were grouped into four themes. The most common adverse outcomes were reduced neonatal head circumference, structural cortical differences on MRI, increased prevalence of psychiatric problems, and increased risk of neurodevelopmental delays in ACS-exposed late preterm and term infants. Our scoping review demonstrated that ACS exposure for risk of preterm delivery may have important neurological implications in infants ultimately born late preterm and term. Given that the existing research is at serious risk for bias, further research that accounts for confounders such as preterm labor, maternal stress, and the number of ACS courses is needed to better establish the long-term neurological effects of ACS on late preterm and term infants. IMPACT: Due to the difficulty in predicting preterm birth, approximately 40% of fetuses exposed to antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) are born at term (≥37 weeks' gestation). This scoping review summarizes the knowledge on the association between ACS exposure for risk of preterm birth and brain development in late preterm and term infants. The majority of studies reported that ACS exposure was associated with adverse brain development outcomes across various domains, such as reduced neonatal head circumference, cortical differences on MRI, and increased prevalence of psychiatric problems and neurodevelopmental delays in late preterm and term infants.

Long-term efficacy and adverse effects of outpatient procedural analgesia with nitrous oxide for a child with Epidermolysis Bullosa.

Epidermolysis Bullosa is a dermatologic condition characterized by skin fragility and the formation of painful blisters all over the body. The course of this chronic hereditary disorder involves multiple painful procedures for which adequate analgesia is an ongoing challenge. This case report follows a previously-described pediatric patient with the Dowling-Meara variant of Epidermolysis Bullosa who was treated with at-home nitrous oxide for daily procedural analgesia. We report on the long-term effectiveness of this treatment in addition to any side effects encountered as a result of this treatment.

Use of bisphosphonates in a retrospective case series of children and adolescents with complex regional pain syndrome.

BACKGROUND: There is increasing evidence for the use of bisphosphonates to treat Complex Regional Pain Syndrome in adults. However, there are scarce data for their use in children with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome. AIM: This retrospective case series aimed to analyze the effects of intravenous bisphosphonate use in children and adolescents with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome enrolled in a multidimensional pain treatment program. METHODS: We analyzed the data of 16 patients (15 females and 1 male, mean age 14 ± 3 years) who received infusions of zoledronic acid (0.015 ± 0.0044mg/kg), pamidronate (0.72 ± 0.17mg/kg), or both depending on their initial response between October 2014 and December 2019. The primary endpoint of the study was the patient's global impression of change. Secondary outcomes included pain intensity, physical function, role function (school attendance), need for pain medications, and adverse effects. RESULTS: Nine of 16 patients reported meaningful improvements (global impressions of change of 84% or higher) at a median follow-up time of 16 (8-21) months after their last infusion of bisphosphonates. There were also meaningful reductions in pain intensity and the need for pain medications. There was an increase in the proportion of patients with minimal or without physical disability, and almost all patients normalized their school activities. Thirteen patients (81%) reported adverse effects, mostly flu-like symptoms, for a few days after the infusion. CONCLUSION: The use of bisphosphonate infusions may represent an effective treatment option for children with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome, not responding to multidisciplinary pain treatment programs.

Chronic pain-related consultations to the emergency department of children with complex pain conditions: A retrospective analysis of healthcare utilization and costs.

Background: There is limited information regarding the effects of pediatric chronic pain management on the number and cost of chronic pain-related emergency department (ED) consultations. Aim: This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the number and costs of chronic pain-related ED consultations of children and adolescents with chronic pain conditions at the Montreal Children's Hospital (MCH). Methods: Charts of patients followed by the Edwards Family Interdisciplinary Center for Complex Pain (CCP) of the MCH between April 2017 and December 2018 were reviewed. ED consultations, specialist consultations, medication prescriptions, hospital admissions, and outpatient consultation referrals were assessed for the period of 1 year before and after the patients' first consultation with the CCP. Associated costs were also calculated. Results: One-hundred sixty-eight patients were included in the analysis. Fifty-one percent consulted the ED and had 151 chronic pain-related ED consultations within 1 year before their initial CCP consultation. In the year following their first CCP consultation, 52 patients (31%) consulted the ED, of which 24 consultations were chronic pain-related (84% reduction). There was an 81% reduction in the costs associated with chronic pain-related ED consultations within 1 year after CCP management. In addition, there was a significant reduction in ED interventions within 1 year after CCP management, though there was no change in medication prescriptions, hospital admissions, or subspecialist consultations. Conclusion: Children and adolescents with chronic pain conditions had fewer chronic pain-related ED consultations within 1 year after the first evaluation by an interdisciplinary center for complex pain, contributing to reduced ED costs.

Contexte : L'information sur les effets de la prise en charge de la douleur chronique pédiatrique sur le nombre et le coût des consultations liées à la douleur chronique au service des urgences est limitée.Objectif : Cette étude rétrospective visait à évaluer le nombre et le coût des consultations liées à la douleur chronique des enfants et des adolescents souffrant de douleur chronique au service des urgences de l'Hôpital de Montréal pour enfants.Méthodes : Les dossiers de patients suivis par le Centre interdisciplinaire de la famille Edwards pour la douleur complexe (CCP) de l'Hôpital de Montréal pour enfants entre avril 2017 et décembre 2018 ont été examinés. Les consultations au service des urgences, les consultations de spécialistes, les ordonnances de médicaments, les admissions à l'hôpital et les références pour consultation externe ont été évaluées pour la période d'un an avant et après la première consultation des patients auprés du CCP. Les coûts associés ont également été calculés.Résultats : Cent soixante-huit patients ont été inclus dans l'analyse. Cinquante et un pour cent ont consulté le service des urgences dans le cadre de 151 consultations liées à la douleur chronique au service des urgences au cours de l'année précédant leur première consultation au CCP. Dans l'année suivant leur première consultation au CCP, 52 patients (31 %) ont consulté le service des urgences. Vingt-quatre de ces consultations étaient liées à la douleur chronique (une réduction de 84 %). Une réduction de 81 % des coûts associés aux consultations liées à la douleur chronique au service des urgences a été observée dans l'année suivant la prise en charge par le CCP. En outre, une réduction significative des interventions du services des urgences dans l'année suivant la prise en charge par le CCP a été observée, bien quéil néy ait pas eu de changement dans les ordonnances de médicaments, les admissions à léhôpital ou les consultations de sous-spécialistes.Conclusion : Les enfants et les adolescents souffrant de douleur chronique ont consulté le service des urgences pour la douleur chronique moins souvent dans l'année suivant la première évaluation par un centre interdisciplinaire pour la douleur complexe, contribuant ainsi à réduire les coûts du service des urgences.

Telehealth and chronic pain management from rapid adaptation to long-term implementation in pain medicine: A narrative review.

The COVID-19 pandemic called for drastic changes to expand and rapidly implement telehealth to prevent breach of care for chronic patients. Responding to the challenge of implementing remote care in chronic pain services, a specialty highly dependent on doctor-patient rapport, physical examination, and frequent follow-up visits requires extensive adaptation involving administrative processes and clinical routines. We present our experience of a successful rapid adaptation to telemedicine paradigm as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic during a time of marked restriction of access to ambulatory hospital services for pediatric and adult chronic pain patients. This narrative review covers current scientific evidence for the use of telehealth for chronic pain management and describes in detail the challenges to implement telemedicine in ambulatory clinics from different perspectives. Best practices for telehealth use are recommended. A proposal for remote physical examination of pain patients is made, based on available evidence in the fields of musculoskeletal medicine and neurology comparing in-person vs remote physical examination. As an internal quality control process, an informal online survey was conducted to assess thoughts and experiences among patients and caregivers using telemedicine consultation services at the pediatric pain clinic. Providing chronic pain management services through telehealth is a viable option for many patients and health care professionals. This is reliant on the availability of appropriate materials and training, with guidelines for both patients and health care workers. With the rapid pace of technological advancements, even further integration of telehealth into routine health care is possible.

Diagnostic performance of 18F-DCFPyL positron emission tomography/computed tomography for biochemically recurrent prostate cancer and change-of-management analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Conventional imaging (CI) performs poorly to identify sites of disease in biochemically recurrent prostate cancer. 68Ga-PSMA-11 positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is most studied but has a very short half-life. This study reports the diagnostic performance of the novel prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) radiotracer 18F-DCFPyL using real-life data and tumor board simulation to estimate the impact of 18F-DCFPyL PET on patient management. METHODS: Ninety-three 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT scans performed for patients previously treated for prostate cancer with a rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were retrospectively compared to contemporary CI and clinical imaging and PSA followups. A chart review was performed to document prior imaging, pathology results, serial serum PSA measurements, and other pertinent clinical data. Clinical utility of 18F-DCFPyL PET was measured using a simulated tumor board formed by three physicians with extensive prostate cancer experience deciding on management with and without knowledge of PET/CT results. RESULTS: At median PSA 2.27 (interquartile rage [IQR] 5.27], 82% of 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT demonstrated at least one site of disease: non-regional lymph nodes (37% of scans), regional lymph node metastases (28%), local recurrence (27%), and bone metastases (20%), with higher PET positivity at higher PSA. Compared to 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT, CI showed overall poor performance, with accuracy below 20% for all extent of disease. PET/CT changed management in 44% of cases. The most frequent scenario was a radical change from initiating androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) to stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) of oligo-lesional disease. In univariate and multivariate analysis, no patient characteristic could predict change of management by PET/CT results. CONCLUSIONS: 18F-DCFPyL significantly outperforms CI in recurring prostate cancer and is likely to impact management.