Effectiveness of combined non-pharmacological interventions in the prevention of delirium in critically ill patients: A randomized clinical trial.

PURPOSE: Delirium is a common dysfunction in the intensive care unit (ICU) and it is associated with negative short- and long-term outcomes. This study evaluated the effectiveness of combined non-pharmacological interventions in preventing delirium in critically ill patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a single-center randomized controlled trial conducted in three Brazilian ICUs from February to September 2019. Patients assigned to the control group received standard care (n = 72) and those assigned to the experimental group (n = 72) received a bundle of non-pharmacological interventions (periodic reorientation, cognitive stimulation, correction of sensory deficits [visual or hearing impairment], environmental management and sleep promotion) throughout the ICU stay. Delirium was monitored twice a day with the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit Flowsheet. The primary outcome was the incidence density of delirium. RESULTS: The incidence density of delirium was lower in the intervention group (1.3 × 10-2 person-days) than in the control group (2.3 × 10-2 person-days), with a hazard ratio of 0.40 (95% confidence intervals, 0.17-0.95; p = 0.04) after adjustment for Simplified Acute Physiology Score III, surgical admission and alcoholism. CONCLUSIONS: Combined non-pharmacological interventions reduced delirium in critically ill patients, compared to standard care. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC), Identifier RBR-6xq95s, October 03, 2018.

[Hospital management at Brazil's National Health System: challenges in the study of health policies, planning and management]. / Gestão hospitalar no Sistema Único de Saúde: problemáticas de estudos em política, planejamento e gestão em saúde.

The objective of this study is to present the state of the art about hospital care, from the period before the SUS until the formulation of the National Policy of Hospital Attention. This is a national and international systematic review with the adoption of Prism Protocol and survey of the scientific literature indexed in Lilacs, Scielo and Web of Science. The 157 articles included, organized in three periods, showed increase in scientific production of 2003. The findings, among other aspects, point to incipient capacity for systemic management before the creation of SUS. It is worth noting the little investment for the adjustment of the hospital care model between the 1988 Constitution and Hospital Attention Reform Plan 2003. During the period of this governmental plan and the National Policy of Hospital Attention of 2013, a set of problems led to strategies of systemic management and hospital services, such regionalization, instances of governance and adoption of indirect management models. The scientific production analyzed allowed identification of important dimensions of hospital management in SUS, from the perspective of Health Policy, Planning and Management, pointing out gaps and possibilities for the research agenda.

Gestão hospitalar no Sistema Único de Saúde: problemáticas de estudos em política, planejamento e gestão em saúde / Hospital management at Brazils National Health System: challenges in the study of health policies, planning and management

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar o estado da arte sobre gestão hospitalar, do período que antecede o SUS até a publicação da Política Nacional de Atenção Hospitalar. Trata-se de revisão sistemática nacional e internacional com adoção do Protocolo Prisma e levantamento da literatura científica indexada nas bases Lilacs, Scielo e Web of Science. Os 157 artigos incluídos, organizados em três períodos históricos, evidenciaram crescimento da produção científica a partir de 2003. Os achados, dentre outros aspectos, apontam incipiente capacidade de gestão sistêmica antes da criação do SUS. Chama atenção o pouco investimento para readequação do modelo de atenção hospitalar entre a Constituição de 1988 e o Plano de Reforma da Atenção Hospitalar em 2003. No período deste plano governamental e a Política Nacional de Atenção Hospitalar de 2013, um conjunto de problemáticas conduziu estratégias de gestão sistêmica e dos serviços hospitalares, como regionalização, instâncias de governança e adoção de modelos de gestão indireta. A produção científica analisada permitiu identificar importantes dimensões da gestão hospitalar no SUS, na perspectiva da Política, Planejamento e Gestão em Saúde, apontar lacunas e lançar possibilidades para a agenda de pesquisa na área.

Abstract The objective of this study is to present the state of the art about hospital care, from the period before the SUS until the formulation of the National Policy of Hospital Attention. This is a national and international systematic review with the adoption of Prism Protocol and survey of the scientific literature indexed in Lilacs, Scielo and Web of Science. The 157 articles included, organized in three periods, showed increase in scientific production of 2003. The findings, among other aspects, point to incipient capacity for systemic management before the creation of SUS. It is worth noting the little investment for the adjustment of the hospital care model between the 1988 Constitution and Hospital Attention Reform Plan 2003. During the period of this governmental plan and the National Policy of Hospital Attention of 2013, a set of problems led to strategies of systemic management and hospital services, such regionalization, instances of governance and adoption of indirect management models. The scientific production analyzed allowed identification of important dimensions of hospital management in SUS, from the perspective of Health Policy, Planning and Management, pointing out gaps and possibilities for the research agenda.