Influence of the resin-coating technique on the bonding performance of self-adhesive resin cements in single-visit computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing resin restorations.

OBJECTIVE: This in vitro study investigated the influence of resin coating on the bonding performance of self-adhesive resin cements in single-visit computer-aided design (CAD)/computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) resin restorations. MATERIALS AND METHOD: CAD/CAM resin (1.5-mm thick) was mounted on 20 noncoated and 20 resin-coated human dentin surfaces using dual-cured self-adhesive resin cements (Panavia SA Cement Plus or Panavia SA Cement Universal, Kuraray Noritake Dental) in either self-curing or dual-curing mode. These specimens were sectioned into beam-shaped sticks and subjected to microtensile bond strength tests after 24 h of water storage. The obtained data were statistically analyzed with three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS: The three-way ANOVA results revealed the significant influence of resin coating, resin cement, and curing mode. Resin coating and light curing led to higher bond strengths in almost all groups. Resin-coated dentin with Panavia SA Cement Plus exhibited a mean bond strength greater than 35 MPa in both self-curing and dual-curing modes. CONCLUSIONS: In single-visit CAD/CAM resin restorations, resin coating, resin cement selection, and curing mode influenced the bonding performance of self-adhesive resin cements. In addition, resin coating and light curing increased the bond strength of self-adhesive resin cements. Resin coating and light curing are encouraged for predictable bonding performance of dual-cured self-adhesive resin cements in single-visit CAD/CAM resin restorations.

Platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer with long survival on bevacizumab and gemcitabine.

Platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer has a poor prognosis, but combined therapy with bevacizumab and anticancer agents may be useful. We report a patient with long-term disease control by the combination of bevacizumab and gemcitabine (BEV + GEM). The patient was a 77-year-old woman with high-grade Stage IIIC serous ovarian carcinoma. In 2012, a complete response (CR) was obtained by neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy using paclitaxel plus carboplatin and tumor debulking surgery. After recurrence in 2013, CR was achieved again with gemcitabine plus carboplatin. In 2014, recurrence was detected again, but CR was achieved by third-line combination therapy with gemcitabine, carboplatin and bevacizumab. In 2015, the third recurrence was found during bevacizumab maintenance therapy. Fourth-line treatment was initiated with BEV + GEM, which has maintained stable disease for 29 months. This is the first report about marked prolongation of survival by BEV + GEM in a patient with platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer.

Safe dissection of high paraaortic lymph nodes superior to the renal vein in ovarian, primary peritoneal, or fallopian tube cancer by the "Komiyama's maneuver", a modification of Kocher's maneuver.

OBJECTIVE: High paraaortic lymph nodes superior to the renal vein are often involved by metastasis from advanced ovarian cancer, but are difficult to dissect. We developed a novel surgical technique for removing these nodes. METHODS: The ascending colon is displaced from the right paracolic gutter. A retroperitoneal incision is made cranially from the ileocecal region along Monk's white line (fusion fascia) dorsal to the ascending colon. Incising the fusion fascia toward the root of the right renal vein from inside Gerota's fascia allows separation of the right kidney and mobilization of the ascending colon, partly exposing the inferior vena cava. Then the inferior vena cava below the renal vein is exposed by dissecting the right ovarian vein. Next, Kocher's maneuver is performed [1,2]. After mobilizing the duodenum, the inferior vena cava can be fully exposed below the left hepatic lobe. Then the peritoneum is incised from near the aortic bifurcation along the inferior mesenteric vein toward the ligament of Treitz, allowing complete mobilization of the small intestine and right hemicolon. Placing these viscera extra-abdominally in isolation bags provides excellent visualization of the entire aorta from the superior mesenteric artery to common iliac artery. RESULTS: This method can completely remove the high paraaortic nodes, followed by the paraaortic nodes inferior to the renal vein, without complications. CONCLUSIONS: This surgical technique for dissection of the high paraaortic lymph nodes is convenient, safe, and easy to learn. It is considered to be advantageous for management of ovarian, primary peritoneal, or fallopian tube cancer.

Fluoride supplementation (with tablets, drops, lozenges or chewing gum) in pregnant women for preventing dental caries in the primary teeth of their children.

BACKGROUND: Dental caries (tooth decay) is one of the most common chronic childhood diseases. Caries prevalence in most industrialised countries has declined among children over the past few decades. The probable reasons for the decline are the widespread use of fluoride toothpaste, followed by artificial water fluoridation, oral health education and a slight decrease in sugar consumption overall. However, in regions without water fluoridation, fluoride supplementation for pregnant women may be an effective way to increase fluoride intake during pregnancy. If fluoride supplements taken by pregnant women improve neonatal outcomes, pregnant women with no access to a fluoridated drinking water supply can obtain the benefits of systemic fluoridation. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of women taking fluoride supplements (tablets, drops, lozenges or chewing gum) compared with no fluoride supplementation during pregnancy to prevent caries in the primary teeth of their children. SEARCH METHODS: Cochrane Oral Health's Information Specialist searched the following databases: Cochrane Oral Health's Trials Register (to 25 January 2017); the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; 2016, Issue 11) in the Cochrane Library (searched 25 January 2017); MEDLINE Ovid (1946 to 25 January 2017); Embase Ovid (1980 to 25 January 2017); LILACS BIREME Virtual Health Library (Latin American and Caribbean Health Science Information database; 1982 to 25 January 2017); and CINAHL EBSCO (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature; 1937 to 25 January 2017). We searched the US National Institutes of Health Ongoing Trials Register (ClinicalTrials.gov) and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform for ongoing trials to 25 January 2017. No restrictions were placed on the language or date of publication when searching the electronic databases. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of fluoride supplements (tablets, drops, lozenges or chewing gum) administered to women during pregnancy with the aim of preventing caries in the primary teeth of their children. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently screened the titles and abstracts (when available) of all reports identified through electronic searches. Two review authors independently extracted data and assessed risk of bias, as well as evaluating overall quality of the evidence utilising the GRADE approach. We could not conduct data synthesis as only one study was included in the analysis. MAIN RESULTS: Only one RCT met the inclusion criteria for this review. This RCT showed no statistical difference on decayed or filled primary tooth surfaces (dfs) and the percentage of children with caries at 3 years (risk ratio (RR) 1.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.75 to 2.85; participants = 938, very low quality of evidence) and 5 years old (RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.53 to 1.33; participants = 798, very low quality of evidence). The incidence of fluorosis at 5 years was similar between the group taking fluoride supplements (tablets) during the last 6 months of pregnancy and the placebo group. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There is no evidence that fluoride supplements taken by women during pregnancy are effective in preventing dental caries in their offspring.

Feasibility study on the effectiveness of Goreisan-based Kampo therapy for lower abdominal lymphedema after retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy via extraperitoneal approach.

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Kampo therapy based on Goreisan for lower abdominal lymphedema after surgical treatment of endometrial cancer or cervical cancer. METHODS: Radical surgery, including retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy, was performed for endometrial cancer and cervical cancer. After surgery, Kampo therapy based on Goreisan and integrated physical therapy were provided for patients with lower abdominal lymphedema, especially lymphedema affecting the pubic-inguinal-vulval region. Goreisan (7.5 g/day) was given orally three times a day (tds). If a significant response was not observed, Saireito (9 g/day; 3 g tds) or Gosyajinkigan (7.5 g/day; 2.5 g tds) was administered concomitantly. RESULTS: A total of 21 patients received treatment. The response rate to Goreisan monotherapy was 78%, with 22% being non-responders. Median reduction of abdominal circumference was 2.1cm (95% CI 1.3-2.85). When Goreisan was combined with another Kampo agent, the response rate was 92% and the non-response rate was 8%. The median reduction of the abdominal circumference was 2.85 cm (95% CI: 2.25-3.3). In particular, concomitant Goreisan and Saireito therapy achieved satisfactory results. No severe adverse reactions occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Goreisan-based Kampo therapy might be effective and safe for lower abdominal lymphedema after retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy. We will perform a prospective control study in the near future.

Surface properties of universal and flowable nanohybrid composites after simulated tooth brushing.

PURPOSE: To evaluate gloss and surface roughness (Ra-value) of four universal nanohybrid composites and four flowable nanohybrid composites before and after toothbrush abrasion. METHODS: 64 dimensionally standardized specimens (n= 8/group) were prepared from four universal nanohybrid composites (i.e. Filtek Supreme XTE Universal, Grandio, Tetric EvoCeram, Venus Diamond) and four flowable nanohybrid composites (i.e. Filtek Supreme XTE Flow, Grandio Flow, Tetric EvoFlow, Venus Diamond Flow). All of the specimens were polished with up to 4000-grit silicon carbide papers. Gloss was measured with a glossmeter and Ra-value was measured with a contact profilometer before and after powered toothbrush abrasion with 70 RDA toothpaste slurry at 12,000 strokes while applying a vertical force of 100 g. RESULTS: The median gloss values ranged from 80.6 to 93.6 GU before toothbrush abrasion and from 32.8 to 80.0 GU after toothbrush abrasion. The median Ra-value ranged from 0.065 to 0.088 microm before toothbrush abrasion and from 0.076 to 0.277 mirom after toothbrush abrasion. After toothbrush abrasion, Tetric EvoCeram yielded the lowest median gloss value and the highest Ra-value among all eight composites. Filtek Supreme XTE Flowable yielded the highest median gloss value before and after toothbrush abrasion and the lowest Ra-value after toothbrush abrasion. Spearman's rank correlation test revealed that there was negative correlation between the gloss and Ra-value including both before and after toothbrush abrasion (r = -0.681, P < 0.001).

Does dental material type influence bacterial adhesion under the same polishing conditions? Direct observation using a fluorescent staining technique: An in vitro study.

Highly polished 3, 4, and 5 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia and CAD/CAM composite resin samples were prepared, and the influence of surface roughness (Ra and Sa, 21 areas/group), wettability (contact angle and surface energy, 3 samples/group), and surface chemical composition (2 samples/group) on single-strain bacterial adhesion models (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus gordonii, and Streptococcus mutans) were compared via fluorescent staining with graphical analysis (21 areas/group). Statistical analysis was performed using the Shapiro-Wilk test followed by one-way analysis of variance with Tukey's test or the Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn's test (α=0.05) and linear regression. For dental zirconia with the same surface roughness, the yttria content did not significantly influence the initial bacterial adhesion. However, higher bacterial adhesion was detected for the composite resin owing to its high C, O, and Si contents. There was no correlation between surface energy and bacterial adhesion for any bacterial strain (p<0.005).

Influence of resin-coating techniques on the marginal adaptation and the bond strengths of CAD/CAM-fabricated hybrid ceramic inlays.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different resin-coating technique strategies and dual-cure resin luting materials on proximal marginal adaptation and the microtensile bond strengths (µTBSs) of CAD/CAM hybrid ceramic inlays. Extracted human molars were classified into four groups, depending on the coating technique: No coating (None), single coating (1-coating), double coating (2-coating), and flowable resin-coating (Combination). The inlays were bonded with one of the three materials: Panavia V5 (V5), Rely X Ultimate (RXU), and Calibra Ceram (CC). The differences with regard to adaptation were not significant. In the case of µTBS data for V5, no significant differences were observed, whereas for RXU, µTBS values for Combination statistically exceeded those for None and 1-coating. For CC, µTBS values for Combination statistically exceeded those for None, 1-coating, and 2-coating. The coating techniques did not influence the adaptation but influenced the bond strength, and Combination performed the best.

Contemporary adhesives: marginal adaptation and microtensile bond strength of class II composite restorations.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the marginal adaptation (in terms of % continuous margin) and microtensile bond strength (microTBS) of the enamel and dentin of direct class II composite restorations. METHODS: 32 standardized class II cavities were prepared with the gingival margin of one box occlusal to the cementum-enamel junction (CEJ) and one gingival floor extended beyond the CEJ. The teeth (n= 8) were restored using one of four adhesive systems [Adper Scotchbond Multi Purpose (SMPP), Adper Scotchbond 1 XT (S1XT), Clearfil SE Bond (CSEB), or Clearfil Tri-S Bond (CTSB)] with incrementally placed composite restorations before being stored in water (24 hours), thermocycled (2,000 cycles, 5 to 55 degrees C) and mechanically loaded (50,000 cycles, 50 N). Marginal adaptation was evaluated by SEM. Additionally, the teeth were sectioned and trimmed to obtain specimens for microTBS testing. RESULTS: All adhesive systems exhibited "continuous margins" in enamel over 95.4%, whereas "continuous margins" in dentin ranged from 60.2 to 84.8%. CSEB and CTSB yielded significantly more "continuous margins" between the adhesive restoration and dentin than SMPP or S1XT (P< 0.05). The mean microTBSs (MPa) for enamel were 40.5 (SMPP), 37.3 (S1XT), 30.8 (CSEB) and 23.2 (CTSB), and for dentin, they were 37.7 (SMPP), 33.0 (S1XT), 37.3 (CSEB) and 29.0 (CTSB).

The effect of different ceramic surface treatments on the repair bond strength of resin composite to lithium disilicate ceramic.

This study aimed to evaluate the bonding abilities and long-term durability of different repair agents when applied to lithium disilicate ceramics (LDS). Blocks of IPS e.max CAD were prepared and divided into four groups according to the surface treatment: Monobond Etch & Prime (ME), K-etchant GEL+Clearfil Universal Bond (UB), Bondmer Lightless (BL), and K-etchant GEL+G-Multi Primer (GMP). All treated ceramic specimens were bonded to resin composite and light-cured. The micro-shear bond strength was measured after 24 h of water storage or 5,000 thermocycles. ME and BL showed significantly higher initial bond strengths than UB and GMP (p<0.05). After 5,000 thermocycles, there was no significant difference in ME (p>0.05), but BL and GMP showed considerable reduction in bond strength (p<0.05); moreover, the samples of UB were all de-bonded before testing. ME and BL proved to be effective surface treatment materials for LDS.

Influence of resin-coating on bond strength of resin cements to dentin and CAD/CAM resin block in single-visit and multiple-visit treatment.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of resin-coating using one-bottle adhesives on the bond strength of resin cements in single-visit and multiple-visit treatments. Three one-bottle adhesives were used for resin-coating and/or pre-treatment adhesives prior to cementation, in conjunction with resin cements from the same manufacturers: Clearfil Universal Bond Quick with Panavia V5 (UBQ/Pv5), Scotchbond Universal Adhesive with RelyX Ultimate (SBU/RxU), and Optibond All-in-one with NX3 Nexus (OP/NX3). Bovine dentin surfaces were left uncoated or resin-coated. After 1-h water storage (single-visit) or 1-week water storage with a non-eugenol temporary cement (multiple-visit), a CAD/CAM resin block was cemented to uncoated or resin-coated dentin surfaces. Microtensile bond strengths (µTBSs) were measured and statistically analyzed (α=0.05). Application of resin-coating improved µTBSs. The multiple-visit group exhibited lower values of µTBS than the single-visit group. Selection of the materials affected µTBSs. Resin-coating and single-visit treatment are desirable for CAD/CAM resin composite restorations.

Effect of a temporary sealing material on the bond strength of CAD/CAM inlay restorations with resin-coating technique.

This study aimed to assess the effects of a temporary sealing material and cleaning method of resin-coated dentin on the bond strength of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) inlay restorations. Resin-coated dentin surfaces were unsealed or temporarily sealed for 1 h or 1 week. For the temporarily sealed group, a hydraulic temporary sealing material was removed and further divided into four groups: without cleaning, cleaned with a rotational brush, a universal cleaner or an air-polishing device. Some specimens were investigated with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and the others were used for microtensile bond strength (MTBS) test. A sealing material could not be removed with a rotational brush, which resulted in pretest failures in all specimens after 1 h and which resulted in low MTBS after 1 week. An air-polishing device can clean resin-coated dentin temporarily sealed with a hydraulic temporary sealing material and resulted in the similar MTBS as in the unsealed group.

Development of 4-META/MMA-TBB resin with added benzalkonium chloride or cetylpyridinium chloride as antimicrobial restorative materials for root caries.

To develop antimicrobial restorative materials for root caries, we assessed a 4-META/MMA-TBB resin (Bondfill SB Plus, Sun Medical) containing benzalkonium chloride (BAC) or cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) at 1.25, 2.5, and 5.0 wt%. The same resin without antibacterial agent was used as control. The degree of conversion was measured by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The 3-point flexural strength test was conducted according to ISO 4049. The antimicrobial effect against three oral bacteria (Streptococcus mutans, S. sobrinus, and Actinomyces naeslundii) was assessed using agar diffusion tests. The shear bond strength to root dentin was assessed after 24 h of storage in water with or without 10,000 thermal cycles. The shear bond strength data were statistically compared using a linear mixed-effects model (α = 0.05). The specimen with 5.0 wt% BAC showed a significantly higher degree of conversion than the control, but it also had significantly lower flexural strength and lower shear bond strength after thermal cycling than the other specimens. When BAC or CPC was added at ≥ 2.5 wt%, the resins inhibited the growth of the three investigated microbes. In conclusion, both BAC and CPC showed significant antimicrobial effects when added at 5.0 wt% to the 4-META/MMA-TBB resin. Up to 2.5 wt%, neither antimicrobial agent affected the degree of conversion, flexural strength, or shear bond strength of the resin.

Novel antimicrobial denture adhesive containing S-PRG filler.

The antimicrobial effects of denture adhesives containing novel surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) fillers were assessed. We prepared denture adhesives containing S-PRG (particle sizes: 1 and 3 µm; quantities: 5, 7.5, and 10 wt%). We evaluated acid buffering capacity, ion release, and antimicrobial effects of denture adhesives with and without S-PRG. Significantly higher pH changes were observed in 1 µm S-PRG adhesives than in 3 µm S-PRG adhesives. Adhesives containing 7.5 and 10 wt% S-PRG exhibited significantly higher ion release than adhesives with 5 wt% S-PRG. The 1µm-10wt% S-PRG denture adhesive exhibited significantly lower colony-forming units on the denture adhesive contact surface than in the control group; additionally, it exhibited excellent acid buffering capacity, ion release properties, and antimicrobial effect against C. albicans, C. glabrata, S. mutans, and A. naeslundii. Longer contact periods resulted in significantly lower adhesion of Candida albicans to the denture base resin treated with denture adhesive.

Tissue Conditioner Incorporating a Nano-Sized Surface Pre-Reacted Glass-Ionomer (S-PRG) Filler.

We aimed to evaluate the properties of a novel tissue conditioner containing a surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) nanofiller. Tissue conditioners containing 0 (control), 2.5, 5, 10, 20, or 30 wt% S-PRG nanofiller or 10 or 20 wt% S-PRG microfiller were prepared. The S-PRG nanofillers and microfillers were observed using scanning electron microscopy. The ion release, acid buffering capacity, detail reproduction, consistency, Shore A0 hardness, surface roughness, and Candida albicans adhesion of the tissue conditioners were examined. The results indicated that the nanofiller particles were smaller and more homogeneous in size than the microfiller particles. In addition, Al, B, F, and Sr ions eluted from S-PRG were generally found to decrease after 1 day. Acid neutralization was confirmed in a concentration-dependent manner. The mechanical properties of tissue conditioners containing S-PRG nanofiller were clinically acceptable according to ISO standard 10139-1:2018, although the surface roughness increased with increasing filler content. Conditioners with 5-30 wt% nanofiller had a sublethal effect on C. albicans and reduced fungal adhesion in vitro. In summary, tissue conditioner containing at least 5 wt% S-PRG nanofiller can reduce C. albicans adhesion and has potential as an alternative soft lining material.

Anti-Demineralization Effects of Dental Adhesive-Composites on Enamel-Root Dentin Junction.

Oral biofilm reactor (OBR) and pH cycling (pHC) artificial caries model were employed to evaluate the anti-demineralization effects of four composite filling systems on enamel-root dentin junction. Sixty-four enamel-root dentin blocks (6 mm × 6 mm × 2 mm) each with a cylindrical cavity were randomly assigned to the pHC and OBR group, then four subgroups (n = 8) and filled with either the Beautifil II (BEF, SPRG-filler-containing) or Estelite (EST) composite after the adhesive (either Single Bond Universal (SBU) or FL Bond II (FL, SPRG-filler-containing)). The demineralization lesions of filling interface were examined by micro-computerized tomography (µCT) and swept-source-optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). According to the degree of interface damage, the caries lesions were sorted into four types: Type A and B (no attachment loss); Type C and D (attachment loss). EST/SBU showed the worst demineralization lesion and attachment loss (100% Type D), while BEF/FL exhibited the shallowest lesion depth (p < 0.05, 145 ± 45 µm on enamel, 275 ± 35 µm on root dentin) and no attachment loss (75% Type A and 25% Type B). Using FL adhesive alone does not effectively reduce enamel demineralization. BEF plays a leading role in acid resistance. The combination of BEF and FL showed a cumulative synergistic effect on anti-demineralization.

The effect of temporary sealing materials and cleaning protocols on the bond strength of resin cement applied to dentin using the resin-coating technique.

This study evaluated the effect of temporary sealing materials and cleaning protocols on the bond strength of resin cement applied to dentin using resin-coating technique. Scotchbond Universal Adhesive and Filtek Supreme Ultra Flowable were applied to bovine dentin. Forty-five specimens were divided into the following three groups according to the temporary sealing materials: Cav-: CAVITON EX, Vas-: COCOA BUTTER and FIT SEAL, and Sep-: Washable SEP and FIT SEAL. Each material was placed on resin-coated dentin. After 1-week water storage, one of the following three cleaning protocols was performed: -WA: washed with water, -BR: brushed with PRESSAGE, and -AF: cleaned with AIR-FLOW. Microtensile bond strength test and EDS analysis were conducted. Irrespective of the cleaning protocol used, Washable SEP demonstrated less residual debris on resin-coated dentin, resulting in high bond strength. Regardless of the temporary sealing material applied, AIR-FLOW demonstrated less residual debris, resulting in high bond strength.

Microtensile bond strengths of a dual-cure resin cement to dentin resin-coated with an all-in-one adhesive system using two curing modes.

This study evaluated the effect of resin coating using an all-in-one adhesive system on the dentin bond strength of a dual-cure resin cement after different curing modes. Human molars were ground to obtain flat dentin surfaces and divided into three groups: untreated as a control and resin-coated with either a single- or double-application of an all-in-one adhesive (Tokuyama Bond Force). The specimens were bonded to indirect composite disks using a dual-cure resin cement (Bistite II) activated by dual-cure or self-cure modes. Each specimen was sectioned into beams for the microtensile bond strength test. The data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni's correction (p=0.05). Resin coating with a double-application of the all-in-one adhesive system significantly improved the bond strength of the dual-cure resin cement to dentin. In addition, dual-curing of the resin cement enhanced the bond strengths to dentin.

CAD/CAM-fabricated inlay restorations: Can the resin-coating technique improve bond strength and internal adaptation?

This study assessed the effect of the resin-coating technique on the bond strength and internal adaptation of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM)-fabricated inlays. Seventy-two mesio-occlusal-distal (MOD) cavities were prepared and distributed into 3 groups according to the resin-coating technique utilized: uncoated group, G-Premio Bond (1-step) group, and Clearfil SE Bond 2+Clearfil Majesty ES Flow (2-step+Flow) group. The MOD inlays were fabricated and cemented with RelyX Ultimate (RXU), G-CEM LinkForce (LinkForce), or Panavia V5 (PV5). After 5,000 thermal cycles, each specimen was sectioned and subjected to microtensile bond strength (MTBS) testing and an internal adaptation evaluation. For the uncoated group, RXU exhibited higher MTBS than LinkForce and PV5 (p<0.05). The MTBS of all 1-step and 2-step+Flow groups was greater than 30 MPa. Resin coating did not influence the MTBS of RXU, whereas resin coating increased the MTBS of LinkForce and PV5. More than 95% gap-free margins were found in all groups.

Basic properties of novel S-PRG filler-containing cement.

This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of a novel surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) filler-containing cement for root caries. We prepared the cements using five different S-PRG filler amounts (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 wt%). Compressive strength, ion release, acid buffering capacity, and microstructure of the as-prepared cements were evaluated. The compressive strength was statistically significant; it was highest for 0 wt% S-PRG cement. Ion release in 0 wt% S-PRG was highest for F- and Al, whereas in 40 wt% S-PRG it was highest for B. For 20, 30, and 40 wt% S-PRG cements, Na and Sr release was higher compared to the other ions. The acid buffering capacity was significantly higher in the 40 wt% S-PRG cement than in the others. In the microstructural analysis, no difference of surface structure was observed among each of the S-PRG filler contents (0-40 wt% S-PRG).