RESUMO
We characterized the membrane vesicle fraction (RD-MV fraction) from bacterial strain RD055328, which is related to members of the genus Companilactobacillus and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. RD-MVs and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) were detected in the RD-MV fraction. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) was produced by Peyer's patch cells following the addition of the RD-MV fraction. In the presence of the RD-MV fraction, RAW264 cells produced the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6. Recombinant GAPDH probably induced the production of IL-6 by RAW264 cells via superficial toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) recognition. A confocal laser scanning microscopy image analysis indicated that RD-MVs and GAPDH were taken up by RAW264 cells. GAPDH wrapped around RAW264 cells. We suggest that GAPDH from strain RD055328 enhanced the production of IgA by acquired immune cells via the production of IL-6 by innate immune cells through TLR2 signal transduction.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Bactérias , Gliceraldeído-3-Fosfato Desidrogenase (Fosforiladora) , Lactobacillaceae , Transdução de Sinais , Receptor 2 Toll-Like , Células RAW 264.7 , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptor 2 Toll-Like/imunologia , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/isolamento & purificação , Proteínas Recombinantes/farmacologia , Imunoglobulina A/imunologia , Interleucina-6/imunologia , Gliceraldeído-3-Fosfato Desidrogenase (Fosforiladora)/genética , Gliceraldeído-3-Fosfato Desidrogenase (Fosforiladora)/isolamento & purificação , Gliceraldeído-3-Fosfato Desidrogenase (Fosforiladora)/farmacologia , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/genética , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/isolamento & purificação , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/farmacologia , Animais , Camundongos , Lactobacillaceae/classificação , Lactobacillaceae/enzimologia , Lactobacillaceae/genética , Lactobacillaceae/isolamento & purificação , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/farmacologia , NF-kappa B/imunologia , Ativação Transcricional/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
White Leghorn chickens were divided into the control, low-carbohydrate (CHO), and CHO-free groups to investigate dietary CHO's significance on histological features of chicken ileal mucosa. Paraffin sections of distal ileum from each chicken were stained by periodic acid-Schiff reaction and subjected to morphometrical analysis. Most villi in the control group had a fingerlike shape but those of the experimental groups showed irregular shapes. Villus height, crypt depth and the number of mitotic cells per crypt were significantly lower in the CHO-free group than in the control group. The density of goblet cells also showed a significant decreasing trend with a reduction in dietary CHO level. In conclusion, dietary CHO positively affects the proliferation of epithelial cells in the chicken ileum.