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SOURCE CITATION: Marcotte LM, Deeds S, Wheat C, et al. Automated opt-out vs opt-in patient outreach strategies for breast cancer screening: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2023;183:1187-1194. 37695621.
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Neoplasias da Mama , Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Mama/prevenção & controle , Mamografia/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como AssuntoRESUMO
SOURCE CITATION: Helmink MAG, Hageman SHJ, Eliasson B, et al. Lifetime and 10-year cardiovascular risk prediction in individuals with type 1 diabetes: the LIFE-T1D model. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2024;26:2229-2238. 38456579.
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Doenças Cardiovasculares , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 , Humanos , Doenças Cardiovasculares/mortalidade , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/mortalidade , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/complicações , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Masculino , Adulto , Feminino , Fatores de Risco de Doenças CardíacasRESUMO
Time-resolved fibre optic Raman distributed temperature sensing (DTS) measurements experience long measurement times due to a weak backscattered Raman signal inside optical fibres or limited detector count rates. Here, improvements to previous work based on individual detectors are demonstrated using a 512 pixel complementary-metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) line sensor array with integrated (on-chip) timing electronics. Multiplexed single photon counting increases count rate and decreases measurement time for practical applications. This allows temperature to be measured every 0.5 m with 0.7 °C accuracy and a 10 s measurement time using a 13.0 m optical fibre, performance over longer distance is also investigated.
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SOURCE CITATION: Andersen-Ranberg NC, Poulsen LM, Perner A, et al. Haloperidol for the treatment of delirium in ICU patients. N Engl J Med. 2022;387:2425-35. 36286254.
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Antipsicóticos , Delírio , Humanos , Adulto , Haloperidol/uso terapêutico , Antipsicóticos/uso terapêutico , Delírio/tratamento farmacológico , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , HospitaisRESUMO
SOURCE CITATION: Marcucci M, Painter TW, Conen D, et al; POISE-3 Trial Investigators and Study Groups. Hypotension-avoidance versus hypertension-avoidance strategies in noncardiac surgery: an international randomized controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2023;176:605-614. 37094336.
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Doenças Cardiovasculares , Hipertensão , Hipotensão , Humanos , Hipertensão/complicações , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controleRESUMO
In this work a handheld Fluorescent Lifetime IMaging (FLIM) system based on a distally mounted < 2 mm2 128 × 120 single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array operating over a > 1 m long wired interface is demonstrated. The head of the system is â¼4.5â cm x 4.5â cm x 4.5â cm making it suitable for hand-held ex vivo applications. This is, to the best of the authors' knowledge, the first example of a SPAD array mounted on the distal end of a handheld FLIM system in this manner. All existing systems to date use a fibre to collect and relay fluorescent light to detectors at the proximal end of the system. This has clear potential biological and biomedical applications. To demonstrate this, the system is used to provide contrast between regions of differing tissue composition in ovine kidney samples, and between healthy and stressed or damaged plant leaves. Additionally, FLIM videos are provided showing that frame rates of > 1â Hz are achievable. It is thus an important step in realising an in vivo miniaturized chip-on-tip FLIM endoscopy system.
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Imagem Óptica , Fótons , Animais , Ovinos , Microscopia de Fluorescência/métodos , CorantesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: It is critical to assess implementation fidelity of evidence-based interventions and factors moderating fidelity, to understand the reasons for their success or failure. However, fidelity and fidelity moderators are seldom systematically reported. The study objective was to conduct a concurrent implementation fidelity evaluation and examine fidelity moderators of CHORD (Community Health Outreach to Reduce Diabetes), a pragmatic, cluster-randomized, controlled trial to test the impact of a Community Health Workers (CHW)-led health coaching intervention to prevent incident type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in New York (NY). METHODS: We applied the Conceptual Framework for Implementation Fidelity to assess implementation fidelity and factors moderating it across the four core intervention components: patient goal setting, education topic coaching, primary care (PC) visits, and referrals to address social determinants of health (SDH), using descriptive statistics and regression models. PC patients with prediabetes receiving care from safety-net patient-centered medical homes (PCMHs) at either, VA NY Harbor or at Bellevue Hospital (BH) were eligible to be randomized into the CHW-led CHORD intervention or usual care. Among 559 patients randomized and enrolled in the intervention group, 79.4% completed the intake survey and were included in the analytic sample for fidelity assessment. Fidelity was measured as coverage, content adherence and frequency of each core component, and the moderators assessed were implementation site and patient activation measure. RESULTS: Content adherence was high for three components with nearly 80.0% of patients setting ≥ 1 goal, having ≥ 1 PC visit and receiving ≥ 1 education session. Only 45.0% patients received ≥ 1 SDH referral. After adjusting for patient gender, language, race, ethnicity, and age, the implementation site moderated adherence to goal setting (77.4% BH vs. 87.7% VA), educational coaching (78.9% BH vs. 88.3% VA), number of successful CHW-patient encounters (6 BH vs 4 VA) and percent of patients receiving all four components (41.1% BH vs. 25.7% VA). CONCLUSIONS: The fidelity to the four CHORD intervention components differed between the two implementation sites, demonstrating the challenges in implementing complex evidence-based interventions in different settings. Our findings underscore the importance of measuring implementation fidelity in contextualizing the outcomes of randomized trials of complex multi-site behavioral interventions. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov on 30/12/2016 and the registration number is NCT03006666 .
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/prevenção & controle , Cidade de Nova Iorque , Terapia Comportamental , Hospitais , Atenção Primária à SaúdeRESUMO
SOURCE CITATION: US Preventive Services Task Force; Mangione CM, Barry MJ, et al. Vitamin, mineral, and multivitamin supplementation to prevent cardiovascular disease and cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA. 2022;327:2326-33. 35727271.
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Doenças Cardiovasculares , Neoplasias , Adulto , Humanos , beta Caroteno/uso terapêutico , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Suplementos Nutricionais , Minerais , Neoplasias/prevenção & controle , Vitamina E/uso terapêutico , Vitaminas/uso terapêutico , Guias de Prática Clínica como AssuntoRESUMO
SOURCE CITATION: Hodkinson A, Tsimpida D, Kontopantelis E, et al. Comparative effectiveness of statins on non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol in people with diabetes and at risk of cardiovascular disease: systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ. 2022;376:e067731. 35331984.
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Doenças Cardiovasculares , Diabetes Mellitus , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases , Doenças Cardiovasculares/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , HDL-Colesterol , LDL-Colesterol , Diabetes Mellitus/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
SOURCE CITATION: Nazarzadeh M, Bidel Z, Canoy D, et al. Blood pressure lowering and risk of new-onset type 2 diabetes: an individual participant data meta-analysis. Lancet. 2021;398:1803-10. 34774144.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Hipertensão , Anti-Hipertensivos/uso terapêutico , Pressão Sanguínea , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Hipertensão/complicações , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Metanálise como AssuntoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Little evidence is available on the use of telehealth for antenatal care. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we developed and implemented a new antenatal care schedule integrating telehealth across all models of pregnancy care. To inform this clinical initiative, we aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of telehealth in antenatal care. METHODS: We analysed routinely collected health data on all women giving birth at Monash Health, a large health service in Victoria (Australia), using an interrupted time-series design. We assessed the impact of telehealth integration into antenatal care from March 23, 2020, across low-risk and high-risk care models. Allowing a 1-month implementation period from March 23, 2020, we compared the first 3 months of telehealth integrated care delivered between April 20 and July 26, 2020, with conventional care delivered between Jan 1, 2018, and March 22, 2020. The primary outcomes were detection and outcomes of fetal growth restriction, pre-eclampsia, and gestational diabetes. Secondary outcomes were stillbirth, neonatal intensive care unit admission, and preterm birth (birth before 37 weeks' gestation). FINDINGS: Between Jan 1, 2018, and March 22, 2020, 20â031 women gave birth at Monash Health during the conventional care period and 2292 women gave birth during the telehealth integrated care period. Of 20â154 antenatal consultations provided in the integrated care period, 10â731 (53%) were delivered via telehealth. Overall, compared with the conventional care period, no significant differences were identified in the integrated care period with regard to the number of babies with fetal growth restriction (birthweight below the 3rd percentile; 2% in the integrated care period vs 2% in the conventional care period, p=0·72, for low-risk care models; 5% in the integrated care period vs 5% in the conventional care period, p=0·50 for high-risk care models), number of stillbirths (1% vs 1%, p=0·79; 2% vs 2%, p=0·70), or pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia (3% vs 3%, p=0·70; 9% vs 7%, p=0·15), or gestational diabetes (22% vs 22%, p=0·89; 30% vs 26%, p=0·06). Interrupted time-series analysis showed a significant reduction in preterm birth among women in high-risk models (-0·68% change in incidence per week [95% CI -1·37 to -0·002]; p=0·049), but no significant differences were identified in other outcome measures for low-risk or high-risk care models after telehealth integration compared with conventional care. INTERPRETATION: Telehealth integrated antenatal care enabled the reduction of in-person consultations by 50% without compromising pregnancy outcomes. This care model can help to minimise in-person interactions during the COVID-19 pandemic, but should also be considered in post-pandemic health-care models. FUNDING: None.
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COVID-19 , Complicações na Gravidez/terapia , Cuidado Pré-Natal/organização & administração , Telemedicina/economia , Telemedicina/organização & administração , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Análise de Séries Temporais Interrompida , Gravidez , Estudos Retrospectivos , VitóriaRESUMO
As the understanding of the pathophysiology of preeclampsia has improved, its diagnostic criteria have evolved. The classical triad of hypertension, edema, and proteinuria has become hypertension and organ dysfunction-renal, hepatic, neurologic, hematological, or uteroplacental. However, the most recent definitions have largely been based off consensus and expert opinion, not primary research. In this review, we explore how the criteria have evolved, particularly through the second half of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century and offer a critical appraisal of the evidence that has led the criteria to where they stand today. Some key themes are the following: the debate between having a simple and convenient blood pressure cutoff vs a blood pressure cutoff that accounts for influencing factors such as age and weight; whether a uniform blood pressure threshold, a rise in blood pressure, or a combination is most discriminatory; whether existing evidence supports blood pressure and proteinuria thresholds in diagnosing preeclampsia; and whether using flow-charts and decision trees might be more appropriate than a single set of criteria. We also discuss the future of a preeclampsia diagnosis. We challenge the move toward a broad (vs restrictive) diagnosis, arguing instead for criteria that directly relate to the prognosis of preeclampsia and the response to treatments.
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Eclampsia/diagnóstico , Pré-Eclâmpsia/diagnóstico , Feminino , História do Século XVII , História do Século XVIII , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , História Antiga , Humanos , Obstetrícia/tendências , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , GravidezRESUMO
SOURCE CITATION: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, Krist AH, Davidson KW, et al. Screening for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2021;325:476-81. 33528542.
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Estenose das Carótidas , Adulto , Comitês Consultivos , Estenose das Carótidas/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Programas de Rastreamento , Serviços Preventivos de SaúdeRESUMO
SOURCE CITATION: Palmer SC, Tendal B, Mustafa RA, et al. Sodium-glucose cotransporter protein-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists for type 2 diabetes: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ. 2021;372:m4573. 33441402.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Inibidores do Transportador 2 de Sódio-Glicose , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Peptídeo 1 Semelhante ao Glucagon , Receptor do Peptídeo Semelhante ao Glucagon 1 , Humanos , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , Inibidores do Transportador 2 de Sódio-Glicose/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
SOURCE CITATION: Passiglia F, Cinquini M, Bertolaccini L, et al. Benefits and harms of lung cancer screening by chest computed tomography: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Oncol. 2021;39:2574-85. 34236916.
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Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Humanos , Pulmão , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagem , Radiografia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
SOURCE CITATION: Yusuf S, Joseph P, Dans A, et al. Polypill with or without aspirin in persons without cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med. 2021;384:216-28. 33186492.
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Doenças Cardiovasculares , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases , Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina , Aspirina/efeitos adversos , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Combinação de Medicamentos , Humanos , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/efeitos adversosRESUMO
We demonstrate the use of ultrafast laser pulses to precisely ablate the side of polymer multicore optical fibres (MCF) in such a way that light is efficiently coupled out of a set of MCF cores to free space. By individually exciting sets of MCF cores, this flexible "micro-window" technology allows the controllable generation of light sources at multiple independently selectable locations along the MCF. We found that the maximum fraction of light that could be side coupled from the MCF varied between 55% and 73%.
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PURPOSE: The relentless rise in antimicrobial resistance is a major societal challenge and requires, as part of its solution, a better understanding of bacterial colonization and infection. To facilitate this, we developed a highly efficient no-wash red optical molecular imaging agent that enables the rapid, selective, and specific visualization of Gram-positive bacteria through a bespoke optical fiber-based delivery/imaging endoscopic device. METHODS: We rationally designed a no-wash, red, Gram-positive-specific molecular imaging agent (Merocy-Van) based on vancomycin and an environmental merocyanine dye. We demonstrated the specificity and utility of the imaging agent in escalating in vitro and ex vivo whole human lung models (n = 3), utilizing a bespoke fiber-based delivery and imaging device, coupled to a wide-field, two-color endomicroscopy system. RESULTS: The imaging agent (Merocy-Van) was specific to Gram-positive bacteria and enabled no-wash imaging of S. aureus within the alveolar space of whole ex vivo human lungs within 60 s of delivery into the field-of-view, using the novel imaging/delivery endomicroscopy device. CONCLUSION: This platform enables the rapid and specific detection of Gram-positive bacteria in the human lung.
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Fibras Ópticas , Staphylococcus aureus , Endoscópios , Bactérias Gram-Positivas , Humanos , Pulmão/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Implant-associated infections (IAI) remain a challenging complication in osteosynthesis. There is no consensus or clear evidence whether titanium offers a relevant clinical benefit over stainless steel. PURPOSE: In this systematic review, we sought to determine whether the implant properties of titanium reduce the susceptibility to IAI compared to stainless steel in fracture management. METHODS: A systematic literature search in German and English was performed using specific search terms and limits. Studies published between 1995 and 1st June 2020 in the Cochrane library, MEDLINE and Web of Science databases were included. Only clinical studies comparing titanium and stainless steel implants regarding the susceptibility to infections were selected for detailed review. RESULTS: Five studies out of 384 papers were identified and reviewed. From the studies meeting inclusion criteria one study was a systematic review, two studies were randomized controlled studies (RCT) and two studies were of retrospective comparative nature of level IV evidence. CONCLUSION: Our results show that currently, no proven advantage for titanium implants in respect to IAI can be seen in contemporary literature. Implants preserving periosteal blood-flow and minimising soft-tissue trauma show statistically significant benefits in reducing the incidence of IAI. Clinical studies providing reliable evidence regarding the influence of titanium implants on IAI and investigating the susceptibility of titanium to infection are necessary.
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Fraturas Ósseas , Titânio , Fixação Interna de Fraturas , Humanos , Aço Inoxidável , IncertezaRESUMO
SOURCE CITATION: Mantsiou C, Karagiannis T, Kakotrichi P, et al. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors as combination therapy for type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2020;22:1857-68. 32476254.