RESUMO
The main purpose of the epidemiological surveillance system for malaria in the Russian Federation is now to prevent the possible consequences of malaria-imported by Russians and foreigners from endemic areas. A quarter of the approximately 100 cases notified each year in the country are detected in Moscow. During an epidemic season, a package of measures to identify infection sources (malaria patients and parasite carriers) and to decline the number of malaria vectors is implemented and the sanitary state, of open water bodies and the efficiency of larvicidal measures are supervised.
Assuntos
Emigração e Imigração , Malária/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Humanos , Malária/epidemiologia , Malária/transmissão , Masculino , Moscou/epidemiologiaRESUMO
A total of 436 malaria cases, including 12 from the CIS countries and 424 from far foreign countries (of Africa and Central and South-East Asia), were imported into the Russian Federation in 2010-2014. Most (96.6%) cases were notified in the urban areas of 52 administrative subjects of Russia. The largest number of the imported cases were seasonal workers (39.2%), tourists (31.3%), students and foreign postgraduate students (19.5%), and ship or aircraft crews (10%). During a short malaria transmission season (June to August), there were 150 cases of different types, out of them there were only 63 cases of tertian malaria (its pathogen is Plasmodium vivax, to which malaria mosquitoes of Russia's fauna are susceptible). The relatively small number of infection sources in the short transmission (June to August) season of malaria, its importation into low-susceptibility large towns, and a small proportion of imported vivax malaria cases substantially reduce the risk of malaria in the highrisk areas of the country.